{"id":42049,"date":"2023-12-09T00:39:06","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:39:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=42049"},"modified":"2023-12-08T17:02:02","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T16:02:02","slug":"propaganda-od-pandemie-k-palestine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/09\/propaganda-od-pandemie-k-palestine\/","title":{"rendered":"Propaganda: Od pandemie k Palestin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

P\u0159ehled izraelsk\u00e9 a palestinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy \u2013 a pro\u010d se mnoho \u201ehrdin\u016f pandemie\u201c zm\u011bnilo v \u201epalestinsk\u00e9 nuly\u201c, pokud jde o odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed propagandy.<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Pozor na v\u00e1le\u010dnou propagandu<\/span><\/h4>\n

V reakci na bezprecedentn\u00ed p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed \u00fatok Hamasu na Izrael ze 7. \u0159\u00edjna za\u0159adily dob\u0159e namazan\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandistick\u00e9 stroje na v\u0161ech stran\u00e1ch op\u011bt na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd \u00fatok Hamasu se skl\u00e1dal z n\u011bkolika slo\u017eek, co\u017e vedlo k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu zmatku mezi analytiky a koment\u00e1tory.\u00a0Zejm\u00e9na militanti Hamasu:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. prolomil izraelskou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed bari\u00e9ru (hrani\u010dn\u00ed ze\u010f) na v\u00edce m\u00edstech;<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. za\u00fato\u010dil na n\u011bkolik izraelsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch m\u00edst a zabil a zajal voj\u00e1ky IDF;<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. p\u0159epadl n\u011bkolik izraelsk\u00fdch osad, zabil a zajal izraelsk\u00e9 civilisty;<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. zabil a zajal izraelsk\u00e9 civilisty na provizorn\u00edch silni\u010dn\u00edch kontroln\u00edch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch;<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. za\u00fato\u010dil na nedalek\u00fd hudebn\u00ed festival pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem, zabil a zajal prchaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky;<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. bojoval s bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se izraelskou polici\u00ed a silami IDF, zat\u00edmco dr\u017eel izraelsk\u00e9 rukojm\u00ed;<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. vypustil tis\u00edce podom\u00e1cku vyroben\u00fdch raket na izraelsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta a osady.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Zat\u00edmco dobyt\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch m\u00edst a voj\u00e1k\u016f (zajatc\u016f) by snad mohlo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za legitimn\u00ed vojenskou operaci, zajet\u00ed civiln\u00edch rukojm\u00edch b\u011bhem ozbrojen\u00e9ho konfliktu je\u00a0<\/span>od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 a popravy voj\u00e1k\u016f a civilist\u016f jsou v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm zlo\u010dinem a zv\u011brstvem v jak\u00e9koli zemi. pouzdro.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Celkov\u011b Izrael\u00a0<\/span>uvedl, \u017ee<\/span><\/a>\u00a0militanti Hamasu zabili a\u017e 1200 izraelsk\u00fdch civilist\u016f a voj\u00e1k\u016f a unesli a\u017e 200 izraelsk\u00fdch rukojm\u00edch do p\u00e1sma Gazy.\u00a0Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, jak k tomuto bezprecedentn\u00edmu p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edmu \u00fatoku do\u0161lo, bude \u0159e\u0161ena v samostatn\u00e9 anal\u00fdze.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ale m\u00edsto toho, aby se izraelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da a z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia zam\u011b\u0159ily na zlo\u010diny skute\u010dn\u011b sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 militanty Hamasu (nejl\u00e9pe zdokumentovan\u00e9 izraelsk\u00fdm telegramem\u00a0<\/span>South First Responders<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(18+)), propagovaly z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu n\u011bkolik nepravdiv\u00fdch propagandistick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o zv\u011brstvech.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byl p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ve stylu prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky o \u201e40 s\u0165at\u00fdch nemluv\u0148atech\u201c, kter\u00fd se objevil\u00a0<\/span>na tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(viz obr\u00e1zek na tituln\u00ed stran\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e) a byl dokonce umocn\u011bn americk\u00fdm prezidentem.\u00a0Americko-\u017eidovsk\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 m\u00e9dium The Grayzone pozd\u011bji\u00a0<\/span>odhalilo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh p\u016fvodn\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159il v\u016fdce izraelsk\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fd d\u0159\u00edve obhajoval \u201evyhlazen\u00ed\u201c palestinsk\u00e9 vesnice na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ve skute\u010dnosti v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o s\u0165at\u00edch, a to ani voj\u00e1k\u016f, ani civilist\u016f, nato\u017e d\u011bt\u00ed.\u00a0Neexistuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o masov\u00e9m zn\u00e1sil\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dokonce o zn\u00e1sil\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fbec.\u00a0Neexistuj\u00ed ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o sebevra\u017eedn\u00fdch atent\u00e1tn\u00edc\u00edch (\u00a0<\/span>pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0hnut\u00ed Hamas v 90. letech), kter\u00e9 \u010dasto nasazovali islamisti\u010dt\u00ed bojovn\u00edci podporovan\u00ed Z\u00e1padem k \u00fatok\u016fm na syrsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky v S\u00fdrii.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Existuj\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o \u0161patn\u00e9m zach\u00e1zen\u00ed, nikoli v\u0161ak o mu\u010den\u00ed rukojm\u00edch.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti jedna osvobozen\u00e1 rukojm\u00ed \u0159ekla p\u0159ekvapen\u00e9mu izraelsk\u00e9mu rozhlasov\u00e9mu moder\u00e1torovi, \u017ee s nimi bylo zach\u00e1zeno\u00a0<\/span>\u201evelmi hum\u00e1nn\u011b\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem rukojm\u00edch bylo zabr\u00e1nit izraelsk\u00fdm proti\u00fatok\u016fm a p\u0159ipravit v\u00fdm\u011bny zajatc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

    P\u0159esto existuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>jasn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee izrael\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci a civilist\u00e9, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed, byli zavra\u017ed\u011bni b\u011bhem n\u00e1let\u016f Hamasu, v\u011bt\u0161inou st\u0159elbou a ru\u010dn\u00edmi gran\u00e1ty.\u00a0Bohu\u017eel se zd\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed izrael\u0161t\u00ed civilist\u00e9 a rukojm\u00ed nebyli zabiti militanty Hamasu, ale\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00e1telskou palbou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0b\u011bhem p\u0159est\u0159elek mezi militanty Hamasu a bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se izraelskou polici\u00ed a vojensk\u00fdmi silami.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Propaganda zv\u011brstev v britsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    (\u00a0<\/span>Aktualizace<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Americko-\u017eidovsk\u00fd web Mondoweiss upozor\u0148uje na\u00a0<\/span>nov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, podle kter\u00fdch zna\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det vojensk\u00fdch a civiln\u00edch mrtv\u00fdch nebyl zp\u016fsoben militanty Hamasu, ale proti\u00fatokem IDF s tanky a dokonce i n\u00e1lety na militanty Hamasu a jejich rukojm\u00ed.)<\/span><\/p>\n

    V reakci na \u00fatok Hamasu izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da provedla rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 n\u00e1lety a p\u0159ipravila mo\u017enou pozemn\u00ed invazi do p\u00e1sma Gazy.\u00a0B\u011bhem jedin\u00e9ho t\u00fddne Izrael nejen\u017ee\u00a0<\/span>zmobilizoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00edce voj\u00e1k\u016f, ne\u017e Rusko p\u016fvodn\u011b rozm\u00edstilo na Ukrajin\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 tragicky sp\u00e1chal v\u00edce v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f, ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span>sp\u00e1chalo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Rusko na Ukrajin\u011b b\u011bhem 600 dn\u016f v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b izraelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lety ji\u017e zabily\u00a0<\/span>a\u017e 3 000<\/span><\/a>\u00a0palestinsk\u00fdch civilist\u016f, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 jsou d\u011bti, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho izraelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lety po\u0161kodily nebo zni\u010dily \u010detn\u00e1 civiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span>kostely<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a me\u0161ity,\u00a0<\/span>pek\u00e1rny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, univerzity a\u00a0<\/span>\u0161koly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity jako z\u00e1kladny Hamasu).\u00a0Izrael tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159eru\u0161il<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dod\u00e1vky elekt\u0159iny a vody do p\u00e1sma Gazy a vyhl\u00e1sil \u201e\u00fapln\u00e9 oble\u017een\u00ed\u201c Gazy a jej\u00edch 2,5 milion\u016f ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

    O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee vysok\u00fd po\u010det dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00fdch palestinsk\u00fdch civiln\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>ob\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zp\u016fsobil mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed propagandistick\u00fd odpor proti izraelsk\u00e9mu veden\u00ed a jeho podporovatel\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech izraelsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed odm\u00edtlo odpov\u011bdnost za \u00fatoky na Gazu.\u00a0V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b baptistick\u00e9 nemocnice v Gaze nap\u0159\u00edklad IDF\u00a0<\/span>tvrdila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee nemocnici zas\u00e1hla \u0161patn\u011b odp\u00e1len\u00e1 palestinsk\u00e1 raketa, ale\u00a0<\/span>dostupn\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u016fkazy\u00a0<\/span>nazna\u010duj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u0161lo o nadzemn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdbuch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0izraelsk\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 bomby.\u00a0Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee IDF d\u0159\u00edve\u00a0<\/span>vydaly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0evakua\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy nemocnic\u00edm v oblasti, n\u00e1padem mohlo b\u00fdt poslat nemocnic\u00ed r\u00e1zovou vlnu, ani\u017e by byla zni\u010dena budova.<\/span><\/p>\n

    (\u00a0<\/span>Aktualizace<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Britsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l 4 od t\u00e9 doby\u00a0<\/span>t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 potvrdil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u0161lo skute\u010dn\u011b o izraelsk\u00fd n\u00e1let; nav\u00edc se zd\u00e1, \u017ee IDF upravila zvukov\u00e9 a obrazov\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, aby odvr\u00e1tila odpov\u011bdnost.)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ve dvou p\u0159\u00edpadech existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee palestin\u0161t\u00ed militanti mohli b\u00fdt zapojeni do \u00fatoku pod fale\u0161nou vlajkou a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy: prvn\u00edm byl \u00fatok na hlavn\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echod z Gazy do Egypta, druh\u00fdm byl \u00fatok na uprchlick\u00fd konvoj. ze severn\u00ed do ji\u017en\u00ed Gazy.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech si palestinsk\u00e1 strana n\u00e1rokovala izraelsk\u00fd n\u00e1let, ale videoz\u00e1znamy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echod byl zasa\u017een\u00a0<\/span>palestinskou st\u0159elou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zat\u00edmco uprchlick\u00fd konvoj byl zasa\u017een bu\u010f\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0u silnice nebo n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm v\u00fdbuchem plynu.\u00a0V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech mohlo b\u00fdt motivac\u00ed zastaven\u00ed nucen\u00e9 evakuace neboli etnick\u00e9 \u010distky Palestinc\u016f z Gazy.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Izraelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159irovnala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0skupinu Ham\u00e1s ke skupin\u011b ISIS (\u201eHamas je ISIS\u201c).\u00a0P\u0159esto\u017ee ozbrojenci Hamasu sp\u00e1chali b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho \u00fatoku 7. \u0159\u00edjna stra\u0161liv\u00e9 teroristick\u00e9 \u010diny, srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je sporn\u00e9: ISIS\u00a0<\/span>vyhl\u00e1sil v\u00e1lku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Hamasu a\u00a0<\/span>nikdy neza\u00fato\u010dil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na Izrael, zat\u00edmco Izrael\u00a0<\/span>podporoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ISIS a Al-K\u00e1idu v S\u00fdrii a\u00a0<\/span>vzestup<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Hamasu v Gaze.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/a>Od \u201ehrdiny pandemie\u201c k \u201ePalestin\u011b nula\u201c<\/span><\/h4>\n

    V p\u0159edchoz\u00ed anal\u00fdze se SPR\u00a0<\/span>zab\u00fdvala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ot\u00e1zkou, jak\u00e9 skupiny lid\u00ed byly schopny odolat pandemick\u00e9 propagand\u011b.\u00a0Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee mnoho z t\u011bchto \u201ehrdin\u016f pandemie\u201c se od t\u00e9 doby zm\u011bnilo v \u201epalestinsk\u00e9 nuly\u201c a nyn\u00ed propaguj\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dnou propagandu a propagandu zv\u011brstev.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tento p\u0159echod v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zcela p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd a lze jej vysv\u011btlit t\u0159emi hlavn\u00edmi faktory:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Za prv\u00e9<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, mnoho hrdin\u016f pandemie byli aktivist\u00e9 za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nebo zdravotn\u00edci.\u00a0P\u0159irozen\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161ina z t\u011bchto lid\u00ed m\u00e1 malou odbornost v geopolitice, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagand\u011b a tajn\u00fdch operac\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nev\u011bd\u00ed tedy, \u017ee Hamas byl skute\u010dn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>vytvo\u0159en a financov\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Izraelem pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, aby zabr\u00e1nil politick\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed palestinsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky (kter\u00e9 by omezilo Izrael na jeho mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 hranice p\u0159ed rokem 1967);\u00a0nebo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Jomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka v roce 1973 byla skute\u010dn\u011b egyptsk\u00fdm \u201e\u00fatokem p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed\u201c (\u00a0<\/span>nebyl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0);\u00a0nebo \u0160estidenn\u00ed v\u00e1lka v roce 1967 byla izraelsk\u00fdm \u201epreventivn\u00edm \u00faderem\u201c (\u00a0<\/span>nebyl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0);\u00a0nebo Pearl Harbor byl japonsk\u00fd \u201e\u00fatok s p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm\u201c (\u00a0<\/span>nebyl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0);\u00a0nebo \u017ee Al-K\u00e1ida \u201eud\u011blala 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c (\u00a0<\/span>neud\u011blala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bez t\u011bchto znalost\u00ed geopolitick\u00e9ho a historick\u00e9ho pozad\u00ed je velmi snadn\u00e9 se nechat sv\u00e9st z cesty mnohovrstevnou v\u00e1le\u010dnou propagandou, propagandou zv\u011brstev a psychologick\u00fdmi operacemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Za druh\u00e9<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, bylo poznamen\u00e1no, \u017ee b\u011bhem pandemie bylo mnoho konzervativn\u00edch aktivist\u016f v\u00a0<\/span>lep\u0161\u00ed pozici<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, aby zpochybnili propagandu ne\u017e progresivn\u00ed nebo socialisti\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed propadli fale\u0161n\u00fdm vl\u00e1dn\u00edm apel\u016fm na \u201esolidaritu\u201c, \u201ekolektivn\u00ed akci\u201c a \u201eantirasismus\u201c. \u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u011bhem sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho izraelsko-palestinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu se v\u0161ak tato situace obr\u00e1tila.\u00a0Mnoho progresivn\u00edch a socialistick\u00fdch aktivist\u016f dlouhodob\u011b podporuje palestinskou v\u011bc, zat\u00edmco mnoho konzervativn\u00edch aktivist\u016f podporuje Izrael z n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch, ideologick\u00fdch nebo strategick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mnoho progresivn\u00edch a socialistick\u00fdch aktivist\u016f tak bylo v lep\u0161\u00ed pozici, aby se postavilo izraelsk\u00e9 a z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagand\u011b a propagand\u011b zv\u011brstev, a\u010dkoli n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich propadli propagand\u011b Hamasu nebo dokonce podporovali teroristick\u00e9 operace Hamasu proti Izraeli.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Zat\u00edmco v\u0161ak mnoho progresivn\u00edch aktivist\u016f je skeptick\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di \u201elok\u00e1ln\u00edmu sionismu\u201c (v Palestin\u011b), podskupina konzervativn\u00edch aktivist\u016f je dlouhodob\u011b skeptick\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00edmu sionismu\u201c, tj. glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu izraelsk\u00e9mu vlivu.\u00a0Na obou stran\u00e1ch politick\u00e9ho spektra tak existuj\u00ed skeptick\u00e9 pozice.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Za t\u0159et\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, b\u011bhem pandemie hr\u00e1li \u017eidov\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 vedouc\u00ed roli nejen mezi covid-alarmisty, ale tak\u00e9 mezi covid-skeptiky: skute\u010dn\u011b mnoho p\u0159edn\u00edch skeptik\u016f a aktivist\u016f za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va byli chyt\u0159\u00ed a odv\u00e1\u017en\u00ed \u017eidov\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Brit\u00e1nie a Izraele.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    Je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee b\u011bhem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho konfliktu mezi Izraelem a Palestinou mnoz\u00ed z t\u011bchto \u017eidovsk\u00fdch aktivist\u016f podporuj\u00ed izraelskou vl\u00e1du a jej\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou reakci na \u00fatok Hamasu.\u00a0Bohu\u017eel v\u0161ak mnoz\u00ed tak\u00e9 propagovali v\u00e1le\u010dnou propagandu a propagandu zv\u011brstev.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ve skute\u010dnosti n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00ed \u017eidovsko-ameri\u010dt\u00ed skeptici covidu d\u0159\u00edve slou\u017eili jako agenti izraelsk\u00e9 lobby ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, jak\u00a0<\/span>odhalilo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tajn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Op\u011bt v\u0161ak existuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky z tohoto vzoru a \u017eidov\u0161t\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 a novin\u00e1\u0159i zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se na v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, antiimperialismus nebo dokonce antisionismus sehr\u00e1li vedouc\u00ed roli ve\u00a0<\/span>zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy a propagandy zv\u011brstev.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/a>Jak sledovat konflikt<\/span><\/h4>\n

    SPR Media Navigator, dostupn\u00fd v\u00a0<\/span>n\u011bm\u010din\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(zobrazeno n\u00ed\u017ee), nad\u00e1le slou\u017e\u00ed jako spolehliv\u00fd medi\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fvodce t\u00edmto a dal\u0161\u00edmi slo\u017eit\u00fdmi geopolitick\u00fdmi konflikty.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1padn\u00ed establishmentov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia v\u011bt\u0161inou\u00a0<\/span>poskytuj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proizraelskou perspektivu.\u00a0Abyste pochopili pro\u010d, p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si\u00a0<\/span>Americk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium a jeho m\u00e9dia<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Izraelsk\u00e1 lobby: fakta a m\u00fdty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Jen n\u011bkolik novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f ze z\u00e1padn\u00edho establishmentu se odv\u00e1\u017eilo\u00a0<\/span>polo\u017eit ot\u00e1zky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o sou\u010dasn\u00e9m konfliktu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u011bt\u0161ina nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed poskytuje skepti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohled.\u00a0Tato m\u00e9dia a novin\u00e1\u0159i obvykle zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed protiv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9, protiimperi\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo dokonce protisionistick\u00e9 pozice.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Polonez\u00e1visl\u00e1 m\u00e9dia jsou dal\u0161\u00ed kategori\u00ed.\u00a0Na konzervativn\u00ed stran\u011b se \u010dasto jedn\u00e1 o \u201ealt-right\u201c m\u00e9dia, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina je siln\u011b proizraelsk\u00e1.\u00a0Mezi p\u0159\u00edklady pat\u0159\u00ed americko-izraelsk\u00e1 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed operace\u00a0<\/span>Breitbart<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kanadsko-\u017eidovsk\u00e9 Rebel News a online medi\u00e1ln\u00ed imp\u00e9rium Bena Shapira, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje\u00a0<\/span>konzervativn\u00edho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kanadsk\u00e9ho psychologa Jordana B. Petersona.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V progresivn\u00ed polonez\u00e1visl\u00e9 kategorii je mnoh\u00e1 m\u00e9dia sponzorov\u00e1na miliard\u00e1\u0159i a nadacemi spojen\u00fdmi s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, jako jsou The Intercept (financovan\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>Pierrem Omidyarem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) a Democracy Now (podporovan\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>Georgem Sorosem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), nebo jsou p\u0159\u00edmo\u00a0<\/span>napojeny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na americkou radu. o zahrani\u010dn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch (jako je The Nation a\u00a0<\/span>jeho vydavatel<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b mnoho z t\u011bchto m\u00e9di\u00ed nad\u00e1le poskytuje nez\u00e1vislou a skeptickou \u017eurnalistiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Online encyklopedie Wikipedia, i kdy\u017e je n\u011bkdy u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm prvn\u00edm odkazem, je jen z\u0159\u00eddka spolehliv\u00fdm pr\u016fvodcem sv\u011btov\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi, proto\u017ee platformu z\u00a0<\/span>velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti provozuj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0politi\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 a spr\u00e1vci napojen\u00ed na z\u00e1padn\u00ed a izraelsk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby.\u00a0V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b str\u00e1nky SPR Wikipedia byl hlavn\u00ed autor ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span>odhalen<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako inform\u00e1tor FBI z Dallasu specializovan\u00fd na \u201eonline marketing\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Pokud jde o internetov\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1va\u010de, ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo chce z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k cel\u00e9mu spektru zdroj\u016f online m\u00e9di\u00ed, mus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt jin\u00fd vyhled\u00e1va\u010d\u00a0<\/span>ne\u017e Google<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jeho\u017e n\u00e1vrhy vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdsledky vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed siln\u011b cenzurov\u00e1ny a zaujat\u00e9 ve prosp\u011bch ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch narativ\u016f establishmentu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Krom\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v pokryt\u00ed a anal\u00fdze v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase r\u016fzn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly Twitteru, ale na t\u00e9to platform\u011b je i nad\u00e1le mnoho hluku a propagandy, krom\u011b\u00a0<\/span>cenzury<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ze strany instituc\u00ed, jako je EU a ADL.\u00a0Decentralizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed platforma Telegram z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159edn\u00edm m\u00edstem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pro kontrolu necenzurovan\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f z ter\u00e9nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/a>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h4>\n

    Na z\u00e1v\u011br, pandemie covid, ukrajinsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a konflikt mezi Izraelem a Palestinou op\u011bt ilustruj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i se obvykle nemohou spolehnout na jedin\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, dokonce ani na jedinou kategorii m\u00e9di\u00ed (jako jsou establishmentov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia nebo alternativn\u00ed m\u00e9dia). z\u00edskat komplexn\u00ed a objektivn\u00ed pohled na mnoho slo\u017eit\u00fdch t\u00e9mat a v\u00fdvoje.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    P\u0159ehled izraelsk\u00e9 a palestinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy \u2013 a pro\u010d se mnoho \u201ehrdin\u016f pandemie\u201c zm\u011bnilo v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26403,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[28,1051,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42049"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42049"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42049\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}