{"id":41449,"date":"2023-12-02T00:36:16","date_gmt":"2023-12-01T23:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=41449"},"modified":"2023-12-01T15:34:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T14:34:05","slug":"scott-ritter-konec-americke-jaderne-prevahy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/02\/scott-ritter-konec-americke-jaderne-prevahy\/","title":{"rendered":"Scott Ritter: Konec americk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 p\u0159evahy"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Jak Rusko modernizuje sv\u016fj jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l, nem\u00e1 ji\u017e z\u00e1jem o z\u00e1platov\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v oblasti kontroly zbrojen\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b d\u011bdictv\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dne 1. listopadu bylo americk\u00e9 letectvo nuceno \u201eukon\u010dit\u201c letov\u00fd test mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely Minuteman III (ICBM) v\u00fdbuchem.\u00a0To znamenalo, \u017ee raketa musela b\u00fdt vyhozena do pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed pot\u00e9, co b\u011bhem letu vykazovala bl\u00ed\u017ee nespecifikovan\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie pro in\u017een\u00fdry sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh letu.<\/p>\n

Testovac\u00ed start, kter\u00fd provedlo Velitelstv\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00faderu americk\u00e9ho letectva, je podle letectva \u201esou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed rutinn\u00edch a pravideln\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed navr\u017een\u00fdch tak, aby prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jadern\u00e9 odstra\u0161en\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, spolehliv\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9.\u201c Odrazujeme hrozby 21. stolet\u00ed a ujistit na\u0161e spojence.\u201c<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 letectvo udr\u017euje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 400 Minuteman III, ulo\u017een\u00fdch v silech a \u00fadajn\u011b v pohotovosti 24\/7, aby reagovalo na jakoukoli potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed strategickou hrozbu pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a\/nebo jejich spojence.\u00a0Minuteman III je pozemn\u00ed slo\u017eka \u201ejadern\u00e9 tri\u00e1dy\u201c americk\u00e9ho strategick\u00e9ho odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed (dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b jsou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed slo\u017eka raket Trident na palub\u011b ponorek t\u0159\u00eddy Ohio a leteck\u00e1 slo\u017eka specializovan\u00fdch pilotovan\u00fdch bombard\u00e9r\u016f B-52 a B. -2).<\/p>\n

Minuteman III byl vyvinut v roce 1968 a je vylep\u0161en\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00ed konstrukce st\u0159ely Minuteman I z roku 1958. Do slu\u017eby vstoupila v roce 1970.\u00a0P\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd tak, aby nesl t\u0159i nez\u00e1visle rozm\u00edstiteln\u00e9 hlavice, byl Minuteman III nahrazen jedinou hlavic\u00ed podle nyn\u00ed ji\u017e neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed smlouvy START II, \u200b\u200bkter\u00e1 byla ratifikov\u00e1na jak Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, tak Ruskem, ale nikdy nevstoupila v platnost dodate\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Prezidenti George HW Bush a Boris Jelcin podepisuj\u00ed START II v Moskv\u011b 3. ledna 1993, na konci Bushova funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.\u00a0(Kreml, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Zat\u00edmco Nov\u00e1 smlouva START, kter\u00e1 je st\u00e1le v platnosti, neomezuje po\u010det hlavic, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee Minuteman III n\u00e9st, omezen\u00ed hlavice p\u0159edchoz\u00ed smlouvy znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Minuteman III bude i nad\u00e1le vybaven jedinou hlavic\u00ed, a to navzdory rutinn\u00edm letov\u00fdm test\u016fm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm Americk\u00e9 letectvo s raketami Minuteman III dovybaven\u00fdmi t\u0159emi hlavicemi.<\/p>\n

Minuteman III m\u00e1 b\u00fdt nahrazen novou generac\u00ed pozemn\u00edch americk\u00fdch mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch balistick\u00fdch st\u0159el s n\u00e1zvem Sentinel po\u010d\u00ednaje rokem 2029.\u00a0N\u011bkter\u00e9 rakety Minuteman III z\u016fstanou v provozu, dokud nebude Sentinel pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed v polovin\u011b a\u017e koncem 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jednou v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce utrp\u011bla britsk\u00e1 ponorka Vanguard nesouc\u00ed 16 jadern\u011b vyzbrojen\u00fdch raket Trident II b\u011bhem ponoru mechanickou poruchu, kter\u00e1, pokud by nebyla opravena, by byla pro tehdej\u0161\u00edch 140 \u010dlen\u016f pos\u00e1dky na palub\u011b katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ponorky t\u0159\u00eddy Vanguard (byly vyrobeny \u010dty\u0159i) vstoupily do slu\u017eby v roce 1993 a ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed maj\u00ed b\u00fdt nahrazeny nov\u00fdmi raketov\u00fdmi ponorkami t\u0159\u00eddy Dreadnaught.\u00a0Vanguard p\u0159edstavuje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edly Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. V roce 2017 provedla ponorka t\u0159\u00eddy Vanguard ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd zku\u0161ebn\u00ed start rakety Trident II, k n\u011bmu\u017e do\u0161lo mimo parlament Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed b\u011bhem v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdch debat o budoucnosti nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho prost\u0159edku Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. dr\u017eeno v tajnosti.<\/p>\n

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Ponorka t\u0159\u00eddy Vanguard Royal Navy HMS Vigilant v roce 2014. (Thomas McDonald\/MOD, Wikimedia Commons, OGL v1.0)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Selh\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1rnouc\u00edch USA Selh\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1rnouc\u00edch americk\u00fdch a britsk\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch sil ost\u0159e kontrastuje se s\u00e9ri\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch test\u016f rusk\u00fdch partner\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch start\u016f pokro\u010dil\u00e9 st\u0159ely Bulava z nov\u00e9 ponorky t\u0159\u00eddy Borei, ICBM Jars vybavenou pokro\u010dilou hypersonickou hlavic\u00ed Avangard a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm zku\u0161ebn\u00edm odp\u00e1len\u00edm nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely Burevestnik s jadern\u00fdm pohonem (ani Rusov\u00e9 nejsou imunn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm test\u016f, jak prok\u00e1zala porucha t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e9 rakety Sarmat na za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto roku).<\/p>\n

Rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9 generace rusk\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch st\u0159el vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed tlak na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Brit\u00e1nii, aby pokra\u010dovaly v n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch moderniza\u010dn\u00edch programech v dob\u011b, kdy sout\u011b\u017e o financov\u00e1n\u00ed vytvo\u0159ila v obou zem\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00ed politick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Nedostatek r\u00e1mce pro kontrolu zbrojen\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A co je je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd r\u00e1mec pro kontrolu zbrojen\u00ed, kter\u00fd by mohl zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby un\u00e1hlen\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u0161emi t\u0159emi n\u00e1rody vedlo k z\u00e1vod\u016fm ve zbrojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohly destabilizovat strategickou rovnov\u00e1hu sil existuj\u00edc\u00ed po desetilet\u00ed.\u00a0Moskva s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na neslu\u010ditelnost kontroly strategick\u00fdch zbran\u00ed s USA v dob\u011b, kdy je ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed politikou Washingtonu strategicky porazit Rusko, pozastavila svou \u00fa\u010dast na Nov\u00e9 smlouv\u011b START.<\/p>\n

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Americk\u00fd prezident Barack Obama a rusk\u00fd prezident Dmitrij Medved\u011bv po podpisu Nov\u00e9 smlouvy START v Praze, duben 2010. (Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Platnost nov\u00e9 smlouvy START vypr\u0161\u00ed v \u00fanoru 2026.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco Rusko i USA vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily z\u00e1jem o n\u00e1slednou smlouvu, kter\u00e1 by zachovala strategickou rovnov\u00e1hu, kter\u00e1 existovala v r\u00e1mci Nov\u00e9ho STARTu, nedostatek pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho kontaktu mezi americk\u00fdmi a rusk\u00fdmi vyjednava\u010di kontroly zbrojen\u00ed \u010din\u00ed vysoce nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm, \u017ee by do\u0161lo k uzav\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 smlouvy. dokon\u010dena v\u010das, aby nahradila nov\u00fd START.<\/p>\n

Faktem v\u0161ak je, \u017ee Rusko takovou mo\u017enost pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b neuskute\u010dn\u00ed, i kdyby byla provediteln\u00e1.\u00a0\u0158ada rozhovor\u016f s vysok\u00fdmi rusk\u00fdmi p\u0159edstaviteli znal\u00fdmi strategick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 politiky nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ru\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 ji\u017e nemaj\u00ed z\u00e1jem napravovat vztahy se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v oblasti kontroly zbrojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed na d\u011bdictv\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0V Rusku p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1zor, \u017ee USA v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let vyjedn\u00e1valy ve zl\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e a sna\u017e\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edt kontrolu zbrojen\u00ed jako prost\u0159edek k udr\u017een\u00ed strategick\u00e9 dominance USA sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e dosa\u017een\u00ed jadern\u00e9 parity a stability.<\/p>\n

Jsou-li sjedn\u00e1ny smlouvy, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd stupe\u0148 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho prosp\u011bchu, jako je Smlouva o obran\u011b proti balistick\u00fdm st\u0159el\u00e1m a Smlouva o zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch sil (INF), USA odstoup\u00ed, jakmile bude smlouva pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nevhodnou pro strategick\u00e9 c\u00edle USA, jako je protiraketov\u00e1 obrana nebo reakce na n\u011b. k v\u00fdvoji mimo smluvn\u00ed r\u00e1mec (nap\u0159. \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, na kter\u00e9 se Smlouva INF nevztahuje).<\/p>\n

Rusov\u00e9 jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee smlouvy o omezen\u00ed strategick\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, jednotliv\u011b i jako celek, nikdy nem\u011bly za c\u00edl vytvo\u0159it jadernou paritu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e zachovat jadernou p\u0159evahu USA.\u00a0Nov\u00e1 smlouva START byla citov\u00e1na jako p\u0159\u00edklad americk\u00e9 duplicity, proto\u017ee Obamova administrativa \u0159e\u0161ila ot\u00e1zky omezen\u00ed raket a protiraketov\u00e9 obrany odd\u011blen\u011b, sl\u00edbila, \u017ee ob\u011b ot\u00e1zky budou \u0159e\u0161it odd\u011blen\u011b, a pot\u00e9 opust\u00ed protiraketovou obranu, jakmile Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty The Treaty on Missile Redukce (New START) byla ratifikov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

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A\u017e v roce 2026 vypr\u0161\u00ed platnost Nov\u00e9ho STARTu, Rusko bude pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00fdch prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch programech jadern\u00e9 modernizace bez smluvn\u00edch omezen\u00ed.\u00a0To zkomplikuje \u00fasil\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a Brit\u00e1nie v oblasti jadern\u00e9 modernizace, jejich\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 schopnosti, vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 za cenu stovek miliard dolar\u016f, budou hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 v sou\u010dasnosti nasazuje Rusko.<\/p>\n

Rusko se nezapoj\u00ed do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na eliminaci sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud budou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a jejich z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci uplat\u0148ovat politiku, kter\u00e1 Rusko vykresluje jako strategick\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele a bude usilovat o jeho strategickou por\u00e1\u017eku.<\/p>\n

Pokud m\u00e1 existovat n\u011bjak\u00e1 nad\u011bje na obnoven\u00ed kontroly jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a Ruskem, nebude to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00fd podporuje d\u011bdictv\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

M\u00edsto toho mus\u00ed vzniknout nov\u00fd strategick\u00fd vztah zalo\u017een\u00fd na modern\u00ed realit\u011b, ve kter\u00e9m mus\u00ed USA bu\u010f utratit obrovsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky, aby dos\u00e1hly jadern\u00e9 parity s Ruskem, nebo vyjedn\u00e1vat z pozice strategick\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011bcennosti.<\/p>\n

Dny nesporn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 p\u0159evahy skon\u010dily.<\/p>\n

Zda se ameri\u010dt\u00ed politici dok\u00e1\u017eou t\u011bmto nov\u00fdm okolnostem p\u0159izp\u016fsobit, se teprve uvid\u00ed.\u00a0Ale pokud tak neu\u010din\u00ed, spust\u00ed to pouze nevyhnuteln\u00e9 z\u00e1vody ve zbrojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 USA nemohou vyhr\u00e1t a jejich\u017e d\u016fsledky by mohly b\u00fdt fat\u00e1ln\u00ed pro cel\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Scott Ritter<\/strong> je b\u00fdval\u00fd zpravodajsk\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil v b\u00fdval\u00e9m Sov\u011btsk\u00e9m svazu p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed smluv o kontrole zbrojen\u00ed, v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu b\u011bhem operace Pou\u0161tn\u00ed bou\u0159e a v Ir\u00e1ku dohl\u00ed\u017eel na odzbrojen\u00ed zbran\u00ed hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed.\u00a0Jeho nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed knihou je Disarmament in the Time of Perestrojka, kterou vydalo nakladatelstv\u00ed Clarity Press.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Jak Rusko modernizuje sv\u016fj jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l, nem\u00e1 ji\u017e z\u00e1jem o z\u00e1platov\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":41452,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1575,22,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41449"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41449"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41451,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41449\/revisions\/41451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}