{"id":40380,"date":"2023-11-17T05:44:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-17T04:44:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=40380"},"modified":"2023-11-17T05:44:06","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T04:44:06","slug":"prestizni-studie-usa-lng-je-pro-planetu-emisne-mnohem-horsi-nez-spalovani-uhli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/11\/17\/prestizni-studie-usa-lng-je-pro-planetu-emisne-mnohem-horsi-nez-spalovani-uhli\/","title":{"rendered":"Presti\u017en\u00ed studie USA: LNG je pro planetu emisn\u011b mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mezi experty na energetiku vybuchla atomovka. P\u0159edn\u00ed v\u011bdec z Cornellovy univerzity v USA v anal\u00fdze konstatoval, \u017ee LNG je pro planetu kv\u016fli \u00faniku metanu emisn\u011b mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed. EU v\u010detn\u011b \u010ceska p\u0159itom na LNG s\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/strong><\/div>\n
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V podstat\u011b a\u017e v \u00fater\u00fd si d\u00edky zpr\u00e1v\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho den\u00edku\u00a0den\u00edku Die Welt<\/a>\u00a0energeti\u010dt\u00ed experti v\u0161imli anal\u00fdzy, o n\u00ed\u017e 31. \u0159\u00edjna obs\u00e1hle referoval\u00a0list The New Yorker<\/a>. Robert Warren Howarth, profesor ekologie a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed biologie na Cornellov\u011b univerzit\u011b, kter\u00fd je jedn\u00edm z p\u0159edn\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se metanem, po rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu sepsal anal\u00fdzu (pdf v angli\u010dtin\u011b\u00a0zde<\/a>). Anal\u00fdza, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b kv\u016fli chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed recenzn\u00ed kontrole nebyla zat\u00edm ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bna, zjistila, \u017ee produkce sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f je v d\u016fsledku v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed (stla\u010den\u00ed a zchlazen\u00ed na m\u00ednus 160 \u00b0C), skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a zaoce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dopravy zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho zemn\u00edho plynu LNG Evropy a Asie, spojena s \u201eohromuj\u00edc\u00edmi \u010d\u00edsly\u201c \u00faniku metanu, kdy\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010duje emise vznikl\u00e9 spalov\u00e1n\u00edm uhl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Metan, CH4, je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b agresivn\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn a je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch pachatel\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f nese odpov\u011bdnost a\u017e za 40 % sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Zast\u00e1nci zemn\u00edho plynu dosud tvrdili, \u017ee plyn nahrazuj\u00edc\u00ed uhl\u00ed by mohl b\u00fdt mostem k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 budoucnosti. U\u017e prvn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce prof. Howartha a jeho t\u00fdmu z roku 2009 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee metan pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b unik\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i explozivn\u00edm \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed b\u0159idlicov\u00fdch hornin a \u017ee \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 t\u011bmito unikaj\u00edc\u00edmi molekulami pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nad p\u0159\u00ednosem, kter\u00fd plyne z ukon\u010den\u00ed produkce energie z uhl\u00ed. Jak d\u00e1le referoval The New Yorker, v\u00fdzkumy dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f nazna\u010dily, \u017ee bodem zlomu, kdy se plyn st\u00e1v\u00e1 hor\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e uhl\u00ed, je m\u00edra \u00faniku n\u011bkde kolem dvou nebo t\u0159\u00ed procent.<\/p>\n

I p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lod\u00ed a nejkrat\u0161\u00edch tras jsou podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f profesora Howartha \u201enejm\u00e9n\u011b o 24 procent vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed\u201c ne\u017e p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed (dodejme, \u017ee hn\u011bd\u00e9 uhl\u00ed, je\u017e spalujeme v \u010cR, je emisn\u011b jen o m\u00e1lo hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dern\u00e9). Profesor Howarth konstatoval, \u017ee k \u00fanik\u016fm metanu doch\u00e1z\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi procesu. Dokonce i kdy\u017e je plyn stla\u010den na palub\u011b lodi v izolovan\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, \u010d\u00e1st z n\u011bj odpa\u0159\u00ed, proto\u017ee teplo unik\u00e1 p\u0159es izolaci. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tankery se sna\u017e\u00ed tento odpa\u0159ovan\u00fd metan spalovat jako palivo, ale i v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se podle Howartha \u010d\u00e1st metanu uvol\u0148uje nesp\u00e1len\u00e1 ve v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plynech.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd v\u011bdec namodeloval v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 procesy spojen\u00e9 s produkc\u00ed a dopravou LNG. I p\u0159i nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edm procesu cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu LNG od vrt\u016f, potrub\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i nejkrat\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed trase a vyu\u017eit\u00ed LNG pro pohon lod\u011b a\u017e po sp\u00e1len\u00ed u kone\u010dn\u00e9ho spot\u0159ebitele je\u00a0LNG o 24 % hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e emise zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ebou a sp\u00e1len\u00edm stejn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00ed.\u00a0<\/strong>Za extr\u00e9mn\u00ed ozna\u010dil p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se LNG dopravuje d\u00e1lkov\u00fdmi trasami p\u0159es oce\u00e1n star\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi spaluj\u00edc\u00edmi ve sv\u00fdch motorech mazut. V tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je celkov\u00fd emisn\u00ed dopad produkce, dopravy a sp\u00e1len\u00ed LNG pro celou planetu o 274 % hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u uhl\u00ed. V\u0161e n\u00e1zorn\u011b dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 graf z anal\u00fdzy prof. Howartha, kter\u00fd ukazuje, \u017ee i ten nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed exportovan\u00fd zemn\u00ed plyn v podob\u011b LNG m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro klima planety hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e uhl\u00ed:<\/p>\n

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\nUSA jsou dnes nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvozcem LNG na sv\u011bt\u011b. Pot\u00e9, co prvn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed lod\u011b s plynem odpluly v roce 2016 z termin\u00e1lu na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, postavili soukrom\u00ed investo\u0159i ji\u017e sedm velk\u00fdch exportn\u00edch termin\u00e1l\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch nejm\u00e9n\u011b 20 se pl\u00e1nuje. Ov\u0161em pokud bude expertn\u00ed anal\u00fdza prof. Howartha potvrzena, bude to velk\u00fd z\u00e1sah do enviroment\u00e1ln\u00ed strategie a klimatick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f administrativy prezidenta USA Jose Bidena, kter\u00e1 bude muset p\u0159ijmout p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. The New Yorker citoval, energetick\u00e9ho konzultanta a b\u00fdval\u00e9ho poradce Agentury pro ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro klimatickou politiku Jeremyho Symonse, \u017ee pokud budou v\u0161echny pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 termin\u00e1ly v Mexick\u00e9m z\u00e1livu na plyn postaveny, budou spojeny s dal\u0161\u00edmi 3,2 miliardami tun emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Podle profesora Howartha je t\u0159eba se s\u00e1zkou na LNG skoncovat, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e americk\u00fd list citoval jeho slova, \u017ee „kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby“ v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 situace, jako je invaze na Ukrajinu, „se l\u00e9pe uspokoj\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00fdm znovuotev\u0159en\u00edm uzav\u0159en\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ne\u017e roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm infrastruktury LNG“.<\/p>\n

Jak p\u0159ipomn\u011bl The New Yorker, p\u0159esto\u017ee administrativa prezidenta Baracka Obamy v\u011bdeck\u00e1 \u00fadaje o emisn\u00edm riziku LNG (tzv. Cornellova zpr\u00e1va) bagatelizovala, nov\u00e1 data z\u00edskan\u00e1 z p\u0159elet\u016f nad frakovac\u00edmi poli, hl\u00eddek m\u011bstsk\u00fdch plynovod\u016f a nejnov\u011bji i ze satelitn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech potvrdila varovn\u00e9 \u00fadaje: m\u00edra \u00fanik\u016f metanu byla natolik vysok\u00e1, \u017ee zemn\u00ed plyn byl nep\u0159irozen\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd. Do roku 2016 zve\u0159ejnil harvardsk\u00fd t\u00fdm satelitn\u00ed data, podle nich\u017e emise metanu v USA od roku 2002 vzrostly o 30 %, co\u017e je obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokonale shoduje s n\u00e1stupem frakov\u00e1n\u00ed a produkce LNG. Za vl\u00e1dy Donalda Trump se z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti upustilo i od feder\u00e1ln\u00edch snah o zpomalen\u00ed \u00fanik\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00edm provozu na \u00fast\u00edch vrt\u016f a \u010derpac\u00edch stanic\u00edch. Tyto snahy byly obnoveny za prezidenta Bidena a velc\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di na trhu s fosiln\u00edmi palivy nad\u00e1le s\u00e1zej\u00ed na budoucnost frakovan\u00e9ho plynu.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m nemaj\u00ed kv\u016fli emisn\u00ed bomb\u011b jm\u00e9nem LNG jen USA a jejich znejist\u011bl\u00ed soukrom\u00ed investo\u0159i, ale zejm\u00e9na Evropsk\u00e1 unie v \u010dele s N\u011bmeckem (v jeho z\u00e1v\u011bsu i \u010ceskem), kter\u00e1 na dovoz LNG vsadila jako kl\u00ed\u010dovou n\u00e1hradu za potrubn\u00ed zemn\u00ed plyn z Ruska, sankcionovan\u00fd za Putinovu agresi proti Ukrajin\u011b. P\u0159itom za n\u011bkolik dn\u016f se v Bruselu shodou okolnost\u00ed bude hlasovat o p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pravidlech pro emise metanu z ropn\u00e9ho a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Evropsk\u00e1 komise si je v\u011bdoma, \u017ee zemn\u00ed plyn je tak\u00e9 emisn\u00edm palivem, a proto v tzv. taxonomii jeho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed podpo\u0159ila limitn\u011b do roku 2035. Obvykle se emise ze zemn\u00edho plynu po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed na polovin\u011b toho, co produkuje uhl\u00ed, podle toho se tak\u00e9 plat\u00ed emisn\u00ed povolenky. Ov\u0161em nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed emisn\u00ed \u00fadaje o LNG jsou podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Bude LNG zat\u00ed\u017een nakonec je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi emisn\u00edmi dan\u011bmi ne\u017e uhl\u00ed a jeho podpora v taxonomii zru\u0161ena?<\/p>\n

Ekonomicky i politicky nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dlen EU N\u011bmecko p\u0159itom na dovoz LNG vsadil svou \u2013 nejen \u2013 energetickou budoucnost. V paroplynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch (PPE) m\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 z\u00e1padn\u00ed soused instalovan\u00fd obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdkon 30 GW a dal\u0161\u00edch 21 GW pl\u00e1nuje postavit (55 velk\u00fdch PPE) s t\u00edm, \u017ee je postupn\u011b bude nahrazovat stovkami gigawatt\u016f nov\u00fdch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch a v\u011btrn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f s \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti v zelen\u00e9m vod\u00edku. Tak\u017ee nejen \u017ee n\u00e1s cena elekt\u0159iny ze z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren dle z\u00e1sad trhu ni\u010d\u00ed ekonomicky, ale nav\u00edc je hroba\u0159em klimatu Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ov\u0161em tak\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da reprezentovan\u00e1 odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm resortn\u00edm ministrem Josefem S\u00edkelou vsadila do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry na LNG jako na energetickou budoucnost republiky, a to nejen n\u00e1kupem z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f do RWE a plynov\u00e9 infrastruktury od v podstat\u011b zbankrotovan\u00e9 firmy NET4GAS s des\u00edtkami miliard dluh\u016f. \u010cesk\u00fd ministr S\u00edkela se pak pokorn\u011b a uctiv\u011b ukl\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159ed dodavateli LNG z Kataru, kter\u00fd je hrd\u00fdm sponzorem terorist\u016f z palestinsk\u00e9ho Ham\u00e1su. P\u0159itom ned\u00e1vno \u0161\u00e9f \u010cEZ Daniel Bene\u0161 v rozhovoru\u00a0pro Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy<\/a>\u00a0prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee nikdo do roku 2030, kdy m\u00e1 z nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kapacity 9,3 GW v uhl\u00ed vypadnout 6,3 GW, nov\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 zdroje nepostav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pln\u00e9 akceptace anal\u00fdzy profesora Howartha mus\u00ed jednat i Evropsk\u00e1 komise. Bude v\u00fdsledkem, \u017ee si sou\u010dasn\u011b zak\u00e1\u017eeme energii z uhl\u00ed i plynu v podob\u011b LNG? Tomu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 nasadit si smy\u010dku na krk energetick\u00e9ho sebevraha.<\/p>\n

Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj potvrzuje, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 ideologie odm\u00edt\u00e1 pracovat s v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi fakty a daty, nem\u00e1 a ignoruje po\u017eadavky na dopadov\u00e9 studie a anal\u00fdzy, s\u00e1z\u00ed na technologie, je\u017e jsou v plenk\u00e1ch nem\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u016fbec neexistuj\u00ed. Pak by nemohlo doj\u00edt k tomu, \u010deho\u017e jsme v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m p\u0159enosu sv\u011bdky: \u017ee p\u0159i \u00fasil\u00ed o zvr\u00e1cen\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny dominovan\u00e9 hysteri\u00ed politik\u016f a mainstreamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed chceme v \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f t\u00e9to enviroment\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u011b vyh\u00e1n\u011bt \u010derta \u010f\u00e1blem, sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00edmo Luciferem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Milan Smutn\u00fd<\/a><\/p>\n

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Mezi experty na energetiku vybuchla atomovka. P\u0159edn\u00ed v\u011bdec z Cornellovy univerzity v USA v anal\u00fdze…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[67,2354,1008,839],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40380"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40380"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40380\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}