{"id":40145,"date":"2023-11-14T01:04:33","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T00:04:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=40145"},"modified":"2023-11-13T18:45:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T17:45:38","slug":"maly-stat-v-africkem-rohu-se-stava-geopolitickym-hotspotem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/11\/14\/maly-stat-v-africkem-rohu-se-stava-geopolitickym-hotspotem\/","title":{"rendered":"Mal\u00fd st\u00e1t v Africk\u00e9m rohu se st\u00e1v\u00e1 geopolitick\u00fdm hotspotem"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co je d\u016fvodem velk\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu o D\u017eibuti v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b?\u00a0Mal\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed o rozloze pouh\u00fdch 23 000 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch je st\u0159edem tektonick\u00e9ho posunu ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 a region\u00e1ln\u00ed politice.\u00a0Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed mocn\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f o dominanci v indicko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti se nyn\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159uje na v\u00fdchodoafrick\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a mal\u00e9 D\u017eibutsko je st\u0159edem tohoto geopolitick\u00e9ho z\u00e1pasu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poloha D\u017eibutska v pr\u016flivu Bab al-Mandab, kter\u00fd spojuje Indick\u00fd oce\u00e1n s Rud\u00fdm mo\u0159em a St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159em p\u0159es Adensk\u00fd z\u00e1liv, vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se hlavn\u00ed mocnosti znovu zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na tento region.\u00a0P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 % a \u010dtvrtina ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho obchodu s ropou s Evropou proch\u00e1z\u00ed D\u017eibutskem.\u00a0Zem\u00ed nav\u00edc vede podmo\u0159sk\u00fd kabel, kter\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed data mezi t\u0159emi kontinenty.\u00a0A kone\u010dn\u011b D\u017eibutsko je se sv\u00fdmi v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159emi sty kilometry mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed tranzitn\u00ed zem\u00ed pro 95 procent sv\u00e9ho vnitrozemsk\u00e9ho souseda Etiopie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro ty, kter\u00fdm nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m v\u00fdznam geostrategick\u00fdch bod\u016f ve sv\u011bt\u011b, budi\u017e \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee ekonomick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed sv\u011bta z\u00e1vis\u00ed na voln\u00e9m pr\u016fchodu pr\u016flivem Bal ab Maba, kter\u00fd spojuje Adensk\u00fd z\u00e1liv s Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e a nakonec se p\u0159ipojuje k Suezsk\u00e9mu pr\u016fplavu.\u00a0Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, tato mal\u00e1 zem\u011b m\u00e1 velkou v\u00e1hu pro n\u00e1rod na 171. m\u00edst\u011b v indexu lidsk\u00e9ho rozvoje.\u00a0Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou je v\u0161ak r\u016fstov\u00fd a rozvojov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l t\u00e9to zem\u011b.\u00a0Vedlej\u0161\u00edm produktem investic do takov\u00e9ho r\u016fstu je geometrick\u00fd posun ve vlivu n\u00e1roda (n\u00e1rod\u016f), kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee spokojit se zem\u00ed s m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e milionem obyvatel.\u00a0V d\u016fsledku toho jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch arm\u00e1d rozm\u00edst\u011bny kolem D\u017eibuti, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje nap\u011bt\u00ed v tomto sudu s prachem soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u0159\u00edjna 2023 vyslala francouzsk\u00e1 cizineck\u00e1 legie 3. eskadru 1. zahrani\u010dn\u00edho j\u00edzdn\u00edho pluku (1er REC) do D\u017eibuti, aby pos\u00edlila tam dislokovanou 13e Demi-Brigade de L\u00e9gion \u00c9trang\u00e8re.\u00a0Je to posledn\u00ed kontingent cizineck\u00e9 legie st\u00e1le um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd na africk\u00e9m kontinentu.\u00a0Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty st\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed Camp Lemonnier, kter\u00fd Francouzi opustili.\u00a0Zem\u011b je domovem jedin\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 a jedin\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed.\u00a0D\u017eibuti je tak\u00e9 domovem italsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny.\u00a0Rusko a Turecko se tak\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed z\u0159\u00eddit vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v zemi Isma\u00efl Omar Guelleh.\u00a0A izraelsk\u00e1 vyhlazovac\u00ed kampa\u0148 v p\u00e1smu Gazy ot\u0159\u00e1s\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architekturou n\u00e1rod\u016f v Africk\u00e9m rohu.<\/span><\/p>\n

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U\u017e tak slo\u017eit\u00e1 situace je o to hor\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00ed mocnosti zes\u00edlily sv\u00e9 snahy o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nadvl\u00e1dy v regionu.\u00a0Co je ale nejv\u00edce znepokojiv\u00e9, je p\u0159\u00edtomnost Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0Koncem minul\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce nav\u0161t\u00edvil americk\u00fd ministr obrany Lloyd Austin prezidenta Ismaila Omara Guelleha, aby prodiskutoval to, o \u010dem imperialist\u00e9 v\u017edy diskutuj\u00ed, toti\u017e \u201ez\u00e1jmy vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c.\u00a0B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Austin tak\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvil americk\u00e9 s\u00edly v Camp Lemonnier.\u00a0\u0158ekl tak\u00e9, \u017ee D\u017eibutsko je \u201ez\u00e1sadn\u00ed\u201c v boji proti n\u00e1siln\u00e9mu extremismu na kontinentu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezident Guelleh se mezit\u00edm z\u00fa\u010dastnil 15. summitu BRICS v Johannesburgu, kde zd\u016fraznil pos\u00edlen\u00ed vazeb BRICS-Afrika a usiloval o p\u0159ijet\u00ed do rychle rostouc\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed skupiny, kter\u00e1 bude do roku 2050 dominovat sv\u011btov\u00e9mu obchodu (ekonom Jim O ‚Neill).\u00a0BRICS, kter\u00fd ji\u017e ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu, se v roce 2024 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed o Argentinu, Egypt, Etiopii, \u00cdr\u00e1n, Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii a Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho je t\u0159icet nebo v\u00edce zem\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi budouc\u00edmi \u010dleny BRICS.\u00a0I proto se D\u017eibutsko st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u0159edem pozornosti.\u00a0\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 investice, iniciativa Belt and Road a ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o konkuren\u010dn\u00edm koridoru podtrhuj\u00ed geostrategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to mal\u00e9 africk\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho koridoru Indie-St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdchod-Evropa (IMEC) komplikuje situaci (Hlas Ameriky – v Rusku zak\u00e1z\u00e1n).\u00a0IMEC m\u00e1 za c\u00edl propojit Indii s n\u011bkolika arabsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b a Evropou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obchodn\u00edho koridoru sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho z p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trat\u011b a lep\u0161\u00edch silnic.\u00a0EU se tak\u00e9 pod\u00edl\u00ed na financov\u00e1n\u00ed tzv. Global Gateway System, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 do roku 2027 dos\u00e1hnout z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch a soukrom\u00fdch zdroj\u016f 300 miliard eur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br.\u00a0O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee se situace v D\u017eibuti a jeho sousedn\u00edch st\u00e1tech v\u00fdrazn\u011b vyhrot\u00ed s koncem ukrajinsko-rusk\u00e9ho konfliktu a ohavn\u00fdm izraelsk\u00fdm \u00fatokem na p\u00e1smo Gazy.\u00a0Rovnov\u00e1ha sil na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b je op\u011bt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro mnoho mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f \u2013 o vyhl\u00eddk\u00e1ch a \u00faskal\u00edch pro Izrael a USA p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Phil Butler je politolog a odborn\u00edk na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropu, autor bestselleru \u201ePutin\u016fv pretori\u00e1n\u201c a dal\u0161\u00edch knih.\u00a0P\u00ed\u0161e exkluzivn\u011b pro online magaz\u00edn \u201eNew Eastern Outlook\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Co je d\u016fvodem velk\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu o D\u017eibuti v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b?\u00a0Mal\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed o rozloze pouh\u00fdch 23…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,6264,310,276],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40145"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40145"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40145\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}