{"id":39265,"date":"2023-10-31T01:05:38","date_gmt":"2023-10-31T00:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=39265"},"modified":"2023-10-30T16:44:31","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T15:44:31","slug":"heinz-steiner-hranice-nejsou-vytesany-do-kamene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/10\/31\/heinz-steiner-hranice-nejsou-vytesany-do-kamene\/","title":{"rendered":"Heinz Steiner: Hranice nejsou vytes\u00e1ny do kamene"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>St\u00e1ty p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed, st\u00e1ty odch\u00e1zej\u00ed.\u00a0Hranice se neust\u00e1le posouvaj\u00ed.\u00a0Nic nen\u00ed vytes\u00e1no do kamene \u2013 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ne st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice.\u00a0To je t\u0159eba akceptovat i v konfliktech o Izrael, Kosovo a Ukrajinu.\u00a0V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku je v\u0161e ot\u00e1zkou mocensk\u00e9 politiky a asertivity st\u00e1tu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Od vzniku st\u00e1t\u016f a \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed se hranice v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu opakovan\u011b m\u011bnily.\u00a0\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b v d\u016fsledku v\u00e1lek, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b s\u0148atkovou politikou \u0161lechty, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b smlouvami a dohodami.\u00a0Jen n\u011bkolik st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 dnes existuj\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee tvrdit, \u017ee jejich hranice existuj\u00ed ji\u017e n\u011bkolik stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"\" title=\"Twitter Tweet\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=true&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1679250012440494081&amp;lang=cs&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Freport24.news%2Fgrenzen-sind-nicht-in-stein-gemeisselt%2F&amp;sessionId=e5aa56274bfd8b2b893e1b44a09bc359b80f5f77&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=01917f4d1d4cb%3A1696883169554&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"1679250012440494081\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlyportugal.pt\/en\/history-culture\/portugal-first-frontiers-europe\/\">Jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto st\u00e1t\u016f je nap\u0159\u00edklad Portugalsko, jeho\u017e evropsk\u00e1 hranice (ty se \u0160pan\u011blskem) byla stanovena<\/a>\u00a0ve smlouv\u011b z Alcanizes v roce 1297\u00a0.\u00a0Pokud byste ignorovali portugalsk\u00e9 kolonie, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by se jednalo o nejstar\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1lou hranici v Evrop\u011b.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyren%C3%A4enfriede\">Ten mezi \u0160pan\u011blskem a Portugalskem pod\u00e9l Pyrenej\u00ed byl zalo\u017een<\/a>\u00a0v roce 1659\u00a0a existuje dodnes.\u00a0Ve zbytku Evropy bylo od rozpadu \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nespo\u010det st\u00e1t\u016f a \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vzkv\u00e9taly, padaly a opakovan\u011b m\u011bnily sv\u00e9 hranice.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-1\" class=\"\" title=\"Twitter Tweet\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=true&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-1&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1596568003306745859&amp;lang=cs&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Freport24.news%2Fgrenzen-sind-nicht-in-stein-gemeisselt%2F&amp;sessionId=e5aa56274bfd8b2b893e1b44a09bc359b80f5f77&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=01917f4d1d4cb%3A1696883169554&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"1596568003306745859\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Posledn\u00ed velk\u00e9 zm\u011bny hranic a st\u00e1t\u016f v Evrop\u011b p\u0159i\u0161ly s koncem dvou sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00e1lek v letech 1919 a 1945, d\u00e1le s rozpadem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a rozpadem v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku v letech 1989\/1990 a koncem r. Jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka v roce 1995. Odd\u011blen\u00ed Kosova od Srbska, n\u00e1vrat Krymu Rusku nebo v d\u016fsledku ukrajinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edch ukrajinsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed do Rusk\u00e9 federace jsou ve skute\u010dnosti jen kontinuitou historie.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-2\" class=\"\" title=\"Twitter Tweet\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=true&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-2&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1608631787336642561&amp;lang=cs&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Freport24.news%2Fgrenzen-sind-nicht-in-stein-gemeisselt%2F&amp;sessionId=e5aa56274bfd8b2b893e1b44a09bc359b80f5f77&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=01917f4d1d4cb%3A1696883169554&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"1608631787336642561\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Podobn\u00e1 situace je i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu, jeho\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 hranice jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed historie.\u00a0<strong>Sou\u010dasn\u00fd st\u00e1t\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geschichte_des_Staates_Israel\">Izrael<\/a>\u00a0byl zalo\u017een v roce 1948 v r\u00e1mci britsk\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu Palestina.\u00a0Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm v\u0161ak \u201ePeelova zpr\u00e1va\u201c navrhla rozd\u011blen\u00ed oblasti na \u017eidovsk\u00fd a arabsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, o \u010dem\u017e v roce 1947 rozhodlo i Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN.\u00a0<\/strong>Jeruzal\u00e9m by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pod spr\u00e1vou OSN jako svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro \u017eidy, k\u0159es\u0165any a muslimy.\u00a0N\u00e1vrh, kter\u00fd byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0161iroce p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n \u017eidovsk\u00fdm obyvatelstvem Palestiny, nikoli v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161inou Arab\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V 15 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f trvaj\u00edc\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce za nez\u00e1vislost v d\u016fsledku vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1lky \u0161esti arabsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty dobyly izraelsk\u00e9 jednotky dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed.\u00a0<strong>V d\u016fsledku \u0161estidenn\u00ed v\u00e1lky v roce 1967 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na izraelsk\u00e1 kontrola nad P\u00e1smem Gazy, Sinajsk\u00fdm poloostrovem, Golansk\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161inami, Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehem a v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Jeruzal\u00e9mem.\u00a0Od t\u00e9 doby se tam stav\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u017eidovsk\u00fdch osad, co\u017e je\u0161t\u011b zvy\u0161uje nespokojenost tamn\u00edch Arab\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ale i zde plat\u00ed: hranice nejsou vytesan\u00e9 do kamene, ale jsou v\u00fdsledkem r\u016fzn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.\u00a0Uvid\u00ed se, zda Izrael po t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce (spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 teroristick\u00fdm \u00fatokem Ham\u00e1su) vyhn\u00e1n\u00edm Palestinc\u016f z p\u00e1sma Gazy zajist\u00ed nov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky alespo\u0148 tam.\u00a0O p\u0159ijet\u00ed nov\u00fdch hranic ale nakonec i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozhodne skute\u010dn\u00e1 mocensk\u00e1 politika.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stranapro.cz\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-30218 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-300x36.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1375\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-300x36.png 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-768x93.png 768w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner.png 849w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1375px) 100vw, 1375px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>St\u00e1ty p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed, st\u00e1ty odch\u00e1zej\u00ed.\u00a0Hranice se neust\u00e1le posouvaj\u00ed.\u00a0Nic nen\u00ed vytes\u00e1no do kamene \u2013 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ne st\u00e1tn\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39266,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[804,29,3770,276],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39265"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39265"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39265\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}