{"id":37501,"date":"2023-10-04T01:17:44","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T23:17:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=37501"},"modified":"2023-10-03T19:07:06","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T17:07:06","slug":"nova-zprava-osn-o-libyi-je-tvrda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/10\/04\/nova-zprava-osn-o-libyi-je-tvrda\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va OSN o Libyi je tvrd\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zpr\u00e1va Komise expert\u016f OSN ze dne 29. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023 shrnuje neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9 pom\u011bry v Libyi a ty, kter\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnou na v\u00fdchod\u011b a z\u00e1pad\u011b zem\u011b. \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou NATO v roce 2011 byla Libye bezpochyby nejrozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed Afriky, zem\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 se dalo \u017e\u00edt v bezpe\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0D\u017eam\u00e1h\u00edr\u00edja pod veden\u00edm Sajfa al-Isl\u00e1ma Kadd\u00e1f\u00edho pracovala na \u00fastav\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt brzy p\u0159ijata a do jej\u00edho\u017e n\u00e1vrhu se zapojili v\u0161ichni Libyjci.\u00a0Muammar al-Kadd\u00e1f\u00ed, o kter\u00e9m se v t\u00e9to zemi st\u00e1le mluv\u00ed jako o \u201edikt\u00e1torovi\u201c, tvrd\u011b zakro\u010dil proti odp\u016frc\u016fm sponzorovan\u00fdm ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed byli p\u0159\u00edznivci islamistick\u00e9ho extremismu, ale jeho krajan\u00e9, a zejm\u00e9na \u017eeny, po\u017e\u00edvali rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.\u00a0M\u011bli m\u00edru svobody, kter\u00e1 je v jin\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, jako je Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie nebo Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, zcela nezn\u00e1m\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, NATO ukon\u010dilo pokrok, kter\u00e9ho Libye dos\u00e1hla v oblasti lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, v\u00e1lkou v roce 2011.\u00a0Plukovn\u00edk Kadd\u00e1f\u00ed byl brut\u00e1ln\u011b zavra\u017ed\u011bn, st\u00e1tn\u00ed org\u00e1ny byly rozpu\u0161t\u011bny a zem\u011b byla uvrhnuta do st\u00e1le se zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho chaosu s ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami a soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi milicemi, kter\u00e9 vyvrcholily katastrofou p\u0159ehrady Derna s odhadovan\u00fdm po\u010dtem v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000 mrtv\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd ministr vnitra, ministr obrany de Maizi\u00e8re, v b\u0159eznu 2011 na okraj jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ministr\u016f obrany NATO v Bruselu varoval: \u201eVojensk\u00e9 akce mus\u00ed b\u00fdt promy\u0161leny a\u017e do konce.\u00a0„Nem\u011bli byste sklouznout do n\u011b\u010deho, o \u010dem nejste pozd\u011bji p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni a co nem\u016f\u017eete prosadit.“\u00a0<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Do t\u00e9to doby se Francie, USA a Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie ji\u017e d\u00e1vno rozhodly ponechat Libyi chaosu.\u00a0Nezm\u011bnilo to ani n\u011bmeck\u00e9 zdr\u017een\u00ed se v Rad\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti OSN za vl\u00e1dy Merkelov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2011 vl\u00e1dnou v Libyi extremisti\u010dt\u00ed islamist\u00e9, zlo\u010dinci, gangy a milice, jejich\u017e jedin\u00fdm c\u00edlem je osobn\u00ed obohacen\u00ed.\u00a0P\u00ed\u0161e se na Libyi a tamn\u00ed lidi.\u00a0To nyn\u00ed dokazuje ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 expertn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e1 odhaluje \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed detaily.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdchodn\u00ed region a rodina Haftar\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va panelu expert\u016f OSN odhaluje pl\u00e1n rodiny Haftarov\u00fdch z\u00edskat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontrolu nad \u201evojensk\u00fdmi, finan\u010dn\u00edmi a strategick\u00fdmi operacemi libyjsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy\u201c a tak\u00e9 nad spole\u010densk\u00fdm a ekonomick\u00fdm \u017eivotem ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Libyi.\u00a0Zpr\u00e1va zahrnuje obdob\u00ed od 25. dubna 2022 do 17. \u010dervence 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khalifa Haftar je vrchn\u00edm velitelem Libyjsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy (LNA), kter\u00e1 vojensky ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdchod a jih Libye.\u00a0Jeho druh\u00fd syn Khaled vel\u00ed 106. brig\u00e1d\u011b, zat\u00edmco 155. brig\u00e1d\u011b vel\u00ed Ayoub Bousif al-Ferjani, ze\u0165 Chal\u00edfy Haftara, a Bassem al-Buaishi, bratranec Chal\u00edfy Haftara.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u201etyto pozice nejen pos\u00edlily vliv Haftarovy rodiny na arm\u00e1du, ale m\u011bly tak\u00e9 za c\u00edl zkomplikovat mo\u017en\u00fd vzestup vojensk\u00e9 osobnosti mimo Haftarovy kruhy v \u0159ad\u00e1ch arm\u00e1dy\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad t\u00e9to strategie se objevil 3. kv\u011btna, kdy Haftar vydal rozkaz um\u00edstit 115. brig\u00e1du pod velen\u00ed 106. brig\u00e1dy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159inutil velitele Abdela Fattaha an-Naduriho, syna n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu Abdelrazeka an-Nadouriho, byl um\u00edst\u011bn p\u0159\u00edmo pod dohled Khaleda Haftara.\u00a0Abdelrazek an-Nadouri se podle expert\u016f OSN marn\u011b sna\u017eil tomuto kroku odporovat a mobilizovat kmenovou podporu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech, jako je Tobruk, si m\u00edstn\u00ed kmeny zachovaly ur\u010dit\u00fd stupe\u0148 autonomie a vlivu, co\u017e jim umo\u017enilo bou\u0159it se proti autorit\u011b gener\u00e1ln\u00edho velen\u00ed.\u00a0V sou\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak na v\u00fdchod\u011b neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 by nebyla pod p\u0159\u00edmou kontrolou Haftarova vnit\u0159n\u00edho okruhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va OSN poukazuje na tlak, kter\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed syn Chal\u00edfy Haftara, Belgasim Haftar, vyv\u00edj\u00ed na parlament a j\u00edm jmenovanou vl\u00e1du, aby pos\u00edlily dominanci rodiny Haftar\u016f i nad t\u011bmito institucemi: \u201eRodina Haftar\u016f vybudovala s\u00ed\u0165 patron\u016f, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 mu schopnost prov\u00e1d\u011bt rychl\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159esuny i kontrolovat ve\u0159ejn\u00fd sektor a politick\u00fd rozhodovac\u00ed proces.\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed politick\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd se bez jej\u00edho souhlasu nem\u016f\u017ee pohnout kup\u0159edu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch regionech tak rodina Haftarov\u00fdch v neb\u00fdval\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 kontrolu nad arm\u00e1dou, financemi a politick\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny a tak\u00e9 nad velkou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a ekonomick\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/span><\/p>\n

Star\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav Bengh\u00e1z\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dotovan\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f.\u00a0Od kv\u011btna 2022 bylo pozorov\u00e1no 24 mal\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch tanker\u016f p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch se k Bengh\u00e1z\u00ed s vypnut\u00fdm sledovac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem.\u00a0Podle zpr\u00e1vy satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky ukazuj\u00ed, jak byl star\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav postupn\u011b p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn na improvizovanou \u010derpac\u00ed stanici.\u00a0Haftarova arm\u00e1da pr\u00fd st\u00e1le zab\u00edr\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed lod\u011b v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch oblastech, kter\u00e9 kontroluje, a pot\u00e9 po\u017eaduje v\u00fdkupn\u00e9 za jejich propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy OSN LNA v S\u00fad\u00e1nu podporovala\u00a0<\/span>s\u00edly rychl\u00e9 podpory<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(RFS) Mohameda Dagala (alias Hemeti) prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm leteck\u00e9ho mostu z leti\u0161t\u011b Benina (Benghazi) do Kufry.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho bylo p\u0159es hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echod Ain Zuwit do S\u00fad\u00e1nu p\u0159epraveno vojensk\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed pro RFS.<\/span><\/p>\n

A zat\u00edmco v Dern\u011b ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Libyi se z pod sutin a v mo\u0159i st\u00e1le vytahuj\u00ed t\u011bla, Haftar\u016fv syn Khaled se vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 na okouzluj\u00edc\u00edch recepc\u00edch v Tripolisu.\u00a0<\/span>[2]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed region a milice<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Podle expertn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy OSN ozbrojen\u00e9 skupiny vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161patn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situace a politick\u00e9 rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnosti k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch ziskov\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f.\u00a0Jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bni p\u0159ed soudn\u00edm st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm a mohou neru\u0161en\u011b provozovat svou trestnou \u010dinnost a ovliv\u0148ovat libyjskou politiku a ekonomiku.\u00a0V z\u00e1padn\u00edm regionu jsou nad\u00e1le hlavn\u00ed silou politick\u00e9ho procesu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dabaibsk\u00e1 \u201evl\u00e1da\u201c lp\u00ed na moci a postoj milic\u00ed k volb\u00e1m z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak sami vyhodnot\u00ed rizika a p\u0159\u00ednosy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina libyjsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed je st\u00e1le pod kontrolou ozbrojen\u00fdch skupin, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e st\u0159edem mocensk\u00e9ho boje je ropn\u00fd sektor.\u00a0Milice systematicky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9voln\u00e9 zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed proti odp\u016frc\u016fm sv\u00fdch politick\u00fdch spojenc\u016f a \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va odkazuje na notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edka s lidmi Abdel-Rahmana Milada Bidju, kter\u00fd byl schopen pou\u017e\u00edt fale\u0161n\u00e9 cestovn\u00ed doklady, aby obe\u0161el z\u00e1kaz cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd mu byl ulo\u017een.\u00a0V roce 2018 byl Bidja sankcionov\u00e1n OSN za pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, byl vyd\u00e1n z\u00e1kaz cestov\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho bankovn\u00ed aktiva byla zmrazena.\u00a0Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed prokur\u00e1tor m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed dokument od Gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editelstv\u00ed pro pohrani\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, kter\u00fd na\u0159izuje, aby Bidjovo jm\u00e9no nebylo zahrnuto do syst\u00e9mu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edlet\u016f a odlet\u016f, aby mohl voln\u011b vstupovat do Libye a opou\u0161t\u011bt ji i p\u0159es z\u00e1kaz cestov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Bidja proto mohl opustit Libyi s majetkem.\u00a0Dne 11. dubna 2021 byla Bidja propu\u0161t\u011bna z vazby a od t\u00e9 doby dost\u00e1v\u00e1 vojensk\u00fd plat,\u00a0co\u017e je poru\u0161en\u00ed rezoluc\u00ed OSN.\u00a0Mezit\u00edm byl dokonce \u201evl\u00e1dou\u201c Daibaba na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed akademii v Janzuru pov\u00fd\u0161en do vojensk\u00e9 hodnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Bidja, Muhammad Kashlaf al-Qasab a Usama al-Koni jsou obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni z mu\u010den\u00ed zadr\u017eovan\u00fdch migrant\u016f.\u00a0Bidja a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk libyjsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee Haitham at-Toumi zneu\u017eili sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee zat\u00fdkali migranty na mo\u0159i a vraceli je do neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch zadr\u017eovac\u00edch st\u0159edisek.\u00a0Sv\u00e9 operace koordinovali s m\u00edstn\u00edmi p\u0159ekupn\u00edky a pa\u0161er\u00e1ky v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblastech Sabrata, az-Zawija a Zuwara.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed napaden\u00ed, mu\u010den\u00ed a krut\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s migranty bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno v osmi zn\u00e1m\u00fdch z\u00e1chytn\u00fdch st\u0159edisc\u00edch.\u00a0Pa\u0161er\u00e1ck\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b maj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed zisky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zlov\u011bstn\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va expert\u016f OSN tak\u00e9 jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situace, nedostatek d\u016fv\u011bry mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi stranami a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vliv br\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9mu sta\u017een\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f z Libye.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory zbrojn\u00edmu embargu OSN se z\u00e1soby zbran\u00ed v Libyi nad\u00e1le zvy\u0161uj\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje budouc\u00ed konflikty.\u00a0Teroristick\u00e9 skupiny jsou tak\u00e9 st\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed v Libyi.\u00a0Turecko poskytuje vojensk\u00fd v\u00fdcvik \u201evl\u00e1dn\u00edm\u201c milic\u00edm Dabaiba, co\u017e je rovn\u011b\u017e poru\u0161en\u00ed rezoluc\u00ed Rady bezpe\u010dnosti.\u00a0Syr\u0161t\u00ed \u017eold\u00e1ci loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed Turecku jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomni v Tripolisu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Libye byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako mezip\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed pro lety p\u0159epravuj\u00edc\u00ed migranty a \u017eold\u00e1ky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Expertn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va ukazuje celou politicky zamotanou a neudr\u017eiteln\u011b katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci pro libyjsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo.\u00a0V\u00e1lku NATO proti Libyi v roce 2011 lze hodnotit jen jako zlo\u010din proti lidskosti, ti, kdo za ni nesou odpov\u011bdnost, bezmezn\u011b ignorovali osud Libye a tis\u00edc\u016f lid\u00ed a p\u0159ipravovali se na smrt nebo na \u017eivot v pekle na zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00edm pro Libyi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pouze uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch voleb, z nich\u017e nebude vylou\u010dena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 strana.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]\u00a0<\/span><\/a>https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/politik\/ausland\/buergerkrieg-in-libyen-merkel-verlangt-gaddafis-sofortigen-rueckzug-a-750300.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[2]\u00a0<\/span><\/a>https:\/\/twitter.com\/elseddikhaftar\/status\/1707733764682424731<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zpr\u00e1va Komise expert\u016f OSN ze dne 29. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023 shrnuje neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9 pom\u011bry v Libyi a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14247,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[4642,186,724],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37501"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37501"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37501\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}