{"id":37257,"date":"2023-10-01T00:59:52","date_gmt":"2023-09-30T22:59:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=37257"},"modified":"2023-09-30T18:42:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-30T16:42:42","slug":"thomas-roper-slozita-situace-mezi-armenii-a-azerbajdzanem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/10\/01\/thomas-roper-slozita-situace-mezi-armenii-a-azerbajdzanem\/","title":{"rendered":"Thomas R\u00f6per: Slo\u017eit\u00e1 situace mezi Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u00e9dia aktu\u00e1ln\u011b informuj\u00ed o toku uprchl\u00edk\u016f z N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e popis jednotliv\u00fdch osud\u016f jasn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sentiment proti po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu.\u00a0Zde se sna\u017e\u00edm vysv\u011btlit slo\u017eitou situaci regionu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Spor o N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach se t\u00e1hne stalet\u00ed, tak\u017ee je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dostat se ke ko\u0159en\u016fm.\u00a0P\u0159esto se o to pokus\u00edm, i kdy\u017e z\u00e1jmy zem\u00ed v regionu jsou tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 a slo\u017eit\u00e9.\u00a0Nejde jen o Arm\u00e9nii a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, ale tak\u00e9 o Turecko, Rusko, \u00cdr\u00e1n a USA, abychom jmenovali jen ty nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historie<\/span><\/h3>\n

K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161lo do N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu ji\u017e ve 4. stolet\u00ed a kostely a kl\u00e1\u0161tery z tohoto obdob\u00ed jsou dodnes zachov\u00e1ny.\u00a0Pozd\u011bji byla oblast zpochybn\u011bna a byla do\u010dasn\u011b pod kontrolou muslimsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, a proto je dnes Kavkaz nejen mozaikou bezpo\u010dtu men\u0161\u00edch i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f, ale tyto n\u00e1rody jsou tak\u00e9 rozd\u011bleny mezi k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edru a isl\u00e1m.\u00a0V 18. stolet\u00ed byla tato oblast p\u011b\u0161\u00e1kem v soupe\u0159en\u00ed mezi Ruskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, Persi\u00ed a Osmanskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Tureck\u00e9, \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a rusk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy se tam proto st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed dodnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 carevna Kate\u0159ina II. nakonec vydala ochrann\u00e9 dopisy Arm\u00e9n\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9, a dala jim privilegia pro obchod a spr\u00e1vu.\u00a0Po druh\u00e9 rusko-persk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach v roce 1805 dostal pod ruskou nadvl\u00e1du.\u00a0Z t\u00e9to doby m\u00e1me pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prvn\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje o tamn\u00edm obyvatelstvu, proto\u017ee s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel Karabachsk\u00e9ho chan\u00e1tu v roce 1823 uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina vesnic v horsk\u00fdch oblastech, dne\u0161n\u00edm N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu, byla arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium m\u011blo mnoho muslimsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zem\u011b a nesna\u017eilo se je christianizovat, ale st\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1vala jist\u00e1 ned\u016fv\u011bra k muslim\u016fm, a proto se Arm\u00e9n\u016fm ve sv\u00e9m regionu nad\u00e1le dost\u00e1valo p\u0159ednostn\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed a Rusko tak\u00e9 podporovalo p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed Arm\u00e9n\u016f z Muslimsk\u00e9 zem\u011b do Ruskem ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 Arm\u00e9nie a do N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, kter\u00fd byl tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1n za arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00e9 arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 populaci, i kdy\u017e geograficky le\u017e\u00ed jako ostrov na \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nechci soudit, zda Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ed sto lety sp\u00e1chala na Arm\u00e9nech genocidu, ale jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee mnoho Arm\u00e9n\u016f bylo zavra\u017ed\u011bno a \u017ee za\u010dala vlna \u00fat\u011bk\u016f Arm\u00e9n\u016f z Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e do Ruska, kdy mnoho Arm\u00e9n\u016f p\u0159i\u0161el \u00fat\u011bk do N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu.\u00a0Rusko se stalo pro Arm\u00e9ny jakousi ochrannou mocnost\u00ed, a p\u0159esto\u017ee je arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na rusk\u00e9 pravoslavn\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi, byli Arm\u00e9ni pro Rusy bratry ve v\u00ed\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po masov\u00e9m exodu Arm\u00e9n\u016f do N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu nar\u016fstaly konflikty mezi k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi Arm\u00e9ny a muslimsk\u00fdmi \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nci, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e c\u00edt\u00ed bl\u00edzkost Turk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. let byl N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem p\u0159id\u011blen k \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 republice, co\u017e \u00fazemn\u011b d\u00e1valo smysl, jak ukazuje pohled na mapu, co\u017e ale v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu odm\u00edtalo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b po celou dobu existence Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu z\u016fst\u00e1valo v regionu do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry m\u00edr.\u00a0Teprve v 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz zesl\u00e1bl, za\u010daly konflikty znovu vzplanout.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka a promarn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Arm\u00e9nie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kdy\u017e se v roce 1991 zhroutil Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, vyhl\u00e1sil N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach nez\u00e1vislost na \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu.\u00a0N\u00e1sledovala v\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 zu\u0159ila dva roky a vedla k etnick\u00fdm \u010distk\u00e1m, ne prim\u00e1rn\u011b proto, \u017ee byly napl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny a prov\u00e1d\u011bny specificky, ale proto\u017ee Arm\u00e9ni ze strachu uprchli z oblast\u00ed ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem a naopak, proto\u017ee doch\u00e1zelo tak\u00e9 k masov\u00fdm vra\u017ed\u00e1m obou obyvatel. skupiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nechci se zde sna\u017eit objasnit ot\u00e1zku viny, jen se sna\u017e\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh podat co nejobjektivn\u011bji.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka skon\u010dila v roce 1994 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm Arm\u00e9n\u016f.\u00a0N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach byl os\u00eddlen Arm\u00e9ny a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nci byli z regionu vyhn\u00e1ni.\u00a0T\u00edm ale za\u010dal dlouh\u00fd seznam chyb, kter\u00fdch se arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy dopustily a kter\u00e9 vedly k obnoven\u00e9 v\u00e1lce v roce 2020, proto\u017ee Arm\u00e9nie tak\u00e9 nikdy neuznala samozvan\u00fd st\u00e1t N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ani to by nebylo tak jednoduch\u00e9, proto\u017ee N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach pat\u0159\u00ed kv\u016fli hranici nakreslen\u00e9 v Sov\u011btsk\u00e9m svazu podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu a takov\u00fd krok by si odcizil malou Arm\u00e9nii, zejm\u00e9na jej\u00edho muslimsk\u00e9ho souseda Turecko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1pad pod veden\u00edm USA nav\u00edc nikdy neprojevil z\u00e1jem o vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mnoha \u00fazemn\u00edch spor\u016f, kter\u00e9 vznikly po rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu.\u00a0T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to nejen N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, ale i sporu mezi Gruzi\u00ed a Abch\u00e1zi\u00ed a Oseti\u00ed, sporu mezi Moldavskem a Podn\u011bst\u0159\u00edm a tak\u00e9 Krymu, kter\u00fd se cht\u011bl na za\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let odtrhnout od Ukrajiny a p\u0159ipojit se k Rusku.\u00a0USA cht\u011bly a cht\u011bj\u00ed ponechat tato probl\u00e9mov\u00e1 m\u00edsta ve zmrazen\u00e9m stavu, aby je mohly v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby vyu\u017e\u00edt pro sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely, jak uk\u00e1zal p\u0159\u00edklad kavkazsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 2008\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ud\u00e1lost\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b po Majdanu v roce 2014. zobrazeno.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sama Arm\u00e9nie se ale o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed situace nijak nepokusila.\u00a0Nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm pokus\u016fm o dosa\u017een\u00ed dohody s \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem ohledn\u011b N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, nap\u0159\u00edklad s c\u00edlem dos\u00e1hnout usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a umo\u017enit vys\u00eddlen\u00fdm \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n\u016fm n\u00e1vrat do N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu.\u00a0Arm\u00e9nie, kter\u00e1 byla v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e1 v 90. letech, svou tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159evahu nevyu\u017eila ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed nebo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.\u00a0Lid\u00e9 v Jerevanu z\u0159ejm\u011b zast\u00e1vali n\u00e1zor, \u017ee pro N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach nastal \u201ekonec d\u011bjin\u201c a \u017ee v\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat tak, jak bylo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konec p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu v\u0161ak nebyl nikdy dosa\u017een a v roce 2020 se \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n stal siln\u00fdm.\u00a0Arm\u00e9nie m\u00e1 necel\u00e9 t\u0159i miliony obyvatel, \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n m\u00e1 p\u0159es deset milion\u016f a tak\u00e9 hodn\u011b ropy a plynu, a proto se mu poda\u0159ilo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it arm\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikol Pashinyan<\/span><\/h3>\n

V roce 2018 se Nikol Pashinyan stal \u0161\u00e9fem arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v r\u00e1mci barevn\u00e9 revoluce, \u201eSametov\u00e9 revoluce\u201c.\u00a0Prosazoval vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politiku v\u016f\u010di Rusku a u\u017e\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci s EU, a\u010dkoliv nebyl klasick\u00fdm \u201eprotirusk\u00fdm\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ud\u011blal ale chyby, proto\u017ee cestoval do N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu a slavil s tamn\u00edmi lidmi festivaly, b\u011bhem nich\u017e na b\u00fdval\u00fdch \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fdch m\u00edstech demonstrativn\u011b p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bl arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 tance, co\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161ilo u\u017e tak velk\u00fd vnitropolitick\u00fd tlak na \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Alijeva, proto\u017ee mnoho vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch lid\u00ed z N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach \u017eil v \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu a nav\u00edc N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach pat\u0159\u00ed k \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.\u00a0Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n je spojencem Turecka, c\u00edtil se Alijev dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fd na to, aby v roce 2020 vojensky zas\u00e1hl, a dok\u00e1zal z\u00edskat hlavn\u00ed ter\u00e9n v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0161injan z\u0159ejm\u011b vsadil, \u017ee Rusko p\u0159ijde Arm\u00e9nii na vojenskou pomoc, proto\u017ee Arm\u00e9nie je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 aliance CSTO sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ze st\u00e1t\u016f SNS.\u00a0CSTO ale nezas\u00e1hla a aliance k tomu m\u011bla dobr\u00e9 d\u016fvody, proto\u017ee \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n neza\u00fato\u010dil na Arm\u00e9nii, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e na N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach, co\u017e byl st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd Arm\u00e9nie ani neuznala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko m\u00edsto toho prosazovalo ukon\u010den\u00ed boj\u016f a zprost\u0159edkovalo p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pak monitorovaly rusk\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 jednotky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0161injan opou\u0161t\u00ed obyvatele N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Dne 10. listopadu 2020 Putin, Alijev a Pa\u0161injan podepsali prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed rusk\u00fdch m\u00edrov\u00fdch sil.\u00a0Podle prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed by se arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 s\u00edly m\u011bly st\u00e1hnout a N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach by m\u011bl z\u016fstat spojen s Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed pozemn\u00ed cestou p\u0159es takzvan\u00fd La\u010dinsk\u00fd koridor, kter\u00fd by m\u011bli hl\u00eddat rusk\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 jednotky.\u00a0Diskuse o statutu N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu byla odlo\u017eena na pozd\u011bji.\u00a0Ne\u0161lo tedy o m\u00edrovou smlouvu, ale o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 Pa\u0161injan za\u010dal svou podivnou hru na zata\u017een\u00ed EU do konfliktu jako prost\u0159edn\u00edka a nakonec se v \u0159\u00edjnu 2022 Pa\u0161injan setkal v Praze s francouzsk\u00fdm prezidentem Emmanuelem Macronem, \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fdm prezidentem Ilhamem Alijevem a \u0161\u00e9fem Evropsk\u00e9 rady Charlesem Michelem.\u00a0Tam p\u0159ijali prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m Arm\u00e9nie a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n \u201evz\u00e1jemn\u011b uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed svou \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost a suverenitu\u201c.\u00a0Pa\u0161injan t\u00edm ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uznal, \u017ee cel\u00fd N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach pat\u0159\u00ed k \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu, zat\u00edmco neuznan\u00e1 vl\u00e1da neuznan\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach st\u00e1le vl\u00e1dla v dosud de facto nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, kter\u00e9 Pa\u0161injan \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b Arm\u00e9ni, kte\u0159\u00ed tam \u017eij\u00ed, se ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nechali sv\u00e9mu osudu.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edm byla fakticky zneplatn\u011bna deklarace mezi Ruskem, Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem z 9. listopadu 2020, ve kter\u00e9 byla jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu odlo\u017eena na pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed datum, a cel\u00fdm N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachem, v\u010detn\u011b La\u010dinsk\u00e9ho koridoru st\u0159e\u017een\u00e9ho rusk\u00fdmi m\u00edrov\u00fdmi silami, bylo bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.\u00a0T\u00edm byl tak\u00e9 nejasn\u00fd status rusk\u00fdch m\u00edrov\u00fdch sil, kte\u0159\u00ed byli n\u00e1hle ofici\u00e1ln\u011b v \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moskva se o tom dozv\u011bd\u011bla ze zpr\u00e1v, zat\u00edmco \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident Alijev pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b slavil, proto\u017ee dos\u00e1hl toho, \u017ee N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu se souhlasem Arm\u00e9nie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost<\/span><\/h3>\n

To ud\u011blalo z konfliktu v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se jen m\u00e1lo ch\u00e1palo, \u017ee na vlastn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed existuje samozvan\u00fd odtr\u017een\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed arm\u00e1du.\u00a0\u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n proto ned\u00e1vno zah\u00e1jil vojenskou operaci nazvanou protiteroristick\u00e1 operace s c\u00edlem rozlo\u017eit neuznanou republiku N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b vid\u00edme v\u00fdsledek v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch, kdy\u017e informuj\u00ed o\u00a0<\/span>proudu uprchl\u00edk\u016f z N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se \u010dasto vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy jednotliv\u00fdch osud\u016f, jako v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku Spiegelu s titulkem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Exodus z N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu \u2013 Kdy\u017e Anna , 36, p\u0159i\u0161la o domov.\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201eProto\u017ee zpr\u00e1vy o jednotliv\u00fdch osudech \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e emoc\u00ed.\u00a0Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee tato emocionalizace je nam\u00ed\u0159ena proti \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu, je jasn\u00e9, koho chce Z\u00e1pad vykreslit jako stra\u0161\u00e1ka \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho nebo ne.<\/span><\/p>\n

V N\u011bmecku je v\u0161ak st\u011b\u017e\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee by za tuto situaci mohl s\u00e1m Pa\u0161injan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0161inyan s\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0161patn\u00e9ho kon\u011b<\/span><\/h3>\n

A Pa\u0161injan se zachoval velmi hloup\u011b, proto\u017ee i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtelem Ruska, m\u011bl vsadit na Rusko, proto\u017ee Rusko m\u00e1 na Kavkaze jeden hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1jem: aby tam z\u016fstal klid.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kavkaz se sv\u00fdmi mnoha n\u00e1rody je regionem, ve kter\u00e9m se Z\u00e1pad r\u00e1d zapaluje, jak uk\u00e1zala kavkazsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka v roce 2008 nebo \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, v nich\u017e USA podporovaly d\u017eih\u00e1disty, kte\u0159\u00ed zalo\u017eili \u201eisl\u00e1mskou st\u00e1t\u201c v \u010ce\u010densku cht\u011bl v 90. letech obs\u00e1hnout Kavkaz od \u010cern\u00e9ho po Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e.\u00a0N\u00e1zev \u201eIsl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t\u201c tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00fd, proto\u017ee za n\u00edm st\u00e1ly stejn\u00e9 s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 o 15 let pozd\u011bji proslavily n\u00e1zev \u201eIsl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t\u201c na Z\u00e1pad\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem na m\u00edru na Kavkaze, a proto byla ochotna trp\u011bliv\u011b doprov\u00e1zet jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem, dokud nebude nalezen oboustrann\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00fd kompromis, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je i ochrana Arm\u00e9n\u016f v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0161injan ale m\u00edsto toho spol\u00e9hal na zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany EU, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti jedin\u00fd z\u00e1jem: oslabit Rusko.\u00a0EU nikdy nebyla o Arm\u00e9nech, ale o Rusku.\u00a0A ukazuje to i v\u00fdsledek, proto\u017ee kv\u016fli dohod\u011b vyjednan\u00e9 EU m\u011bl Alijev volnou ruku, ani\u017e by se pro Arm\u00e9ny na\u0161lo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mimochodem, dosud nebyla hl\u00e1\u0161ena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 c\u00edlen\u00e1 zv\u011brstva proti Arm\u00e9n\u016fm v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n je nepo\u017e\u00e1dal, aby oblast opustili.\u00a0Ut\u00edkaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ed c\u00edlen\u00fdm n\u00e1sil\u00edm ne\u017e ze strachu, \u017ee by k tomuto n\u00e1sil\u00ed mohlo doj\u00edt.\u00a0Zda je tato obava opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1, v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zdaleka jist\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy<\/span><\/h3>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jsou i z\u00e1jmy st\u00e1t\u016f v regionu, \u010dlov\u011bk by si toti\u017e myslel, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 republika se p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00ed s muslimsk\u00fdm \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem.\u00a0Ale nen\u00ed tomu tak, proto\u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n m\u00e1 nejlep\u0161\u00ed vztahy s k\u0159es\u0165anskou Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed a arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1 men\u0161ina v \u00cdr\u00e1nu nen\u00ed nijak utla\u010dov\u00e1na.\u00a0Hovo\u0159ilo se dokonce o \u201eose Moskva-Jerevan-Teher\u00e1n\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n m\u00e1 v\u0161ak politick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly s \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem a soupe\u0159\u00ed o vliv v regionu s Tureckem (kter\u00e9 je spojencem \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu).<\/span><\/p>\n

Turecko zase pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mnohem men\u0161\u00ed a slab\u0161\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n jako n\u00e1stroj, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nci a Turci jsou si etnicky bl\u00edzc\u00ed.\u00a0\u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n\u0161tina je turkick\u00fd jazyk a je velmi podobn\u00fd ture\u010dtin\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n m\u00e1 naopak na konfliktu jeden hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1jem: chce ovl\u00e1dnout cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed, co\u017e se mu nyn\u00ed poda\u0159ilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e jsem zm\u00ednil, \u017ee Rusku jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o m\u00edr a m\u00edr v regionu.\u00a0Ale je tu je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bproto\u017ee p\u0159ed lety se rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b poda\u0159ilo p\u0159iv\u00e9st ke stolu soupe\u0159e Turecko a \u00cdr\u00e1n v ot\u00e1zce S\u00fdrie a dnes je m\u00edrov\u00fd proces v S\u00fdrii, a\u0165 je jakkoli pomal\u00fd, zalo\u017een na form\u00e1tu Astana z Ruska. , Turecko a \u00cdr\u00e1n.\u00a0Form\u00e1t Astana d\u011bl\u00e1 st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00ed pokroky a pokud by USA neobsadily Kurdy obydlenou severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed S\u00fdrii, odkud opakovan\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nepokoje, byl by pokrok pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee USA v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed masivn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vlivu na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, proto\u017ee Sa\u00fadov\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed politiku a jejich rivalov\u00e9 \u00cdr\u00e1n a Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie se tak\u00e9 rychle sbli\u017euj\u00ed, maj\u00ed USA z\u00e1jem na tom, aby v regionu byly op\u011bt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nepokoje, proto\u017ee pokud… Pokud se st\u00e1ty v regionu spoj\u00ed m\u00edsto toho, aby proti sob\u011b bojovaly nebo dokonce vedly v\u00e1lku, USA ztrat\u00ed na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konflikt v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu proto hraje do karet Z\u00e1padu pod veden\u00edm USA, proto\u017ee za prv\u00e9 m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l oslabit Rusko a sn\u00ed\u017eit jeho vliv na Kavkaze, za druh\u00e9 by mohl znovu rozproudit spor mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a Tureckem a za t\u0159et\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pro rozd\u00edly mezi Tureckem a Ruskem.\u00a0A pokud to povede k ne\u00fasp\u011bchu form\u00e1tu Astany, obnoven\u00e9 pokusy USA o zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu v S\u00fdrii by mohly b\u00fdt op\u011bt aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed.\u00a0To by oslabilo i Rusko, proto\u017ee syrsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da je spojena s Ruskem a S\u00fdrie je jedinou ruskou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladnou ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i, co\u017e je trnem v oku USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Protesty v Arm\u00e9nii<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pa\u0161injan hr\u00e1l do karet Z\u00e1padu pod veden\u00edm USA svou politikou nejprve vyprovokovat \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u011blo k v\u00e1lce v roce 2020, a pak se spol\u00e9hat nikoli na Rusko, ale na EU.\u00a0Nav\u00edc se ned\u00e1 jinak \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee zradil arm\u00e9nsk\u00fd lid, proto\u017ee z N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu v sou\u010dasnosti prchaj\u00ed desetitis\u00edce Arm\u00e9n\u016f.\u00a029. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bylo ozn\u00e1meno, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>97 000 Arm\u00e9n\u016f ji\u017e uprchlo z N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu do Arm\u00e9nie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed tedy pochyb, \u017ee se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 trag\u00e9die, za kterou nese hlavn\u00ed vinu Pa\u0161injan.\u00a0To tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d nyn\u00ed mnoho Arm\u00e9n\u016f protestuje proti Pa\u0161injanovi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0161injan z ud\u00e1lost\u00ed obvinil Rusko a zpochybnil \u010dlenstv\u00ed Arm\u00e9nie v alianci CSTO, proto\u017ee CSTO nep\u0159i\u0161la Arm\u00e9nii na pomoc.\u00a0Man\u00e9vry CSTO pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 v Arm\u00e9nii byly zru\u0161eny, ale man\u00e9vry s americk\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky prob\u011bhly.<\/span><\/p>\n

V Arm\u00e9nii je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed Pa\u0161injanovi a ze v\u0161eho obvi\u0148uj\u00ed Rusko.\u00a0V Arm\u00e9nii proto v posledn\u00edch dnech prob\u00edhaj\u00ed jak protirusk\u00e9, tak protipa\u0161insk\u00e9 protesty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0161injan chce roztr\u017eku s Ruskem je\u0161t\u011b prohloubit, proto\u017ee v Arm\u00e9nii se nyn\u00ed diskutuje o ratifikaci \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho statutu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho soudu, kter\u00fd vydal zatyka\u010d na prezidenta Putina.\u00a0Je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee Rusko a Arm\u00e9nie jsou spojenci v CSTO.\u00a0Pa\u0161injan by tak uznal zatyka\u010d na hlavu st\u00e1tu spojeneck\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

To, \u017ee Rusko pova\u017euje tento krok za nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd, nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9.\u00a0Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Pa\u0161injan nyn\u00ed u\u010dinil tento krok, ukazuje, \u017ee chce d\u00e1le eskalovat a zhor\u0161ovat vztahy s Ruskem, zat\u00edmco desetitis\u00edce jeho krajan\u016f jsou na \u00fat\u011bku a on by m\u011bl m\u00edt vlastn\u011b jin\u00e9 priority.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co d\u011bl\u00e1 \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Po\u010det \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fdch vnit\u0159n\u011b vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se nyn\u00ed vracej\u00ed do sv\u00e9 star\u00e9 vlasti N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, dos\u00e1hne do konce roku 2023 5 500,\u00a0<\/span>uvedl \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident Alijev<\/span><\/a>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eK dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni se ji\u017e vr\u00e1tilo 2 300 b\u00fdval\u00fdch vnit\u0159n\u011b vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch osob a do konce leto\u0161n\u00edho roku jich bude 5 500\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f se asi milion \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nc\u016f stal uprchl\u00edky a vnit\u0159n\u011b vys\u00eddlen\u00fdmi osobami v d\u016fsledku karaba\u0161sk\u00e9ho konfliktu a mnoz\u00ed se zjevn\u011b cht\u011bj\u00ed vr\u00e1tit do sv\u00e9 star\u00e9 vlasti, kterou museli opustit na za\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let stejn\u011b rychle jako Arm\u00e9ni ut\u00edkaj\u00ed N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach dnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud to \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n mysl\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b se zaru\u010den\u00edm pr\u00e1v Arm\u00e9n\u016f v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu a organizov\u00e1n\u00edm a zaru\u010den\u00edm m\u00edrov\u00e9ho sou\u017eit\u00ed mezi Arm\u00e9ny a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nci v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu, pak to nebude snadn\u00fd \u00fakol.\u00a0D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad domy a nemovitosti pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed uprchli p\u0159ed 30 lety, nyn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed Arm\u00e9n\u016fm.\u00a0Ot\u00e1zku, jak nalo\u017eit s reziden\u010dn\u00edmi nemovitostmi n\u00e1rokovan\u00fdmi ob\u011bma stranami, nebude snadn\u00e9 vy\u0159e\u0161it.\u00a0A existuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba odpov\u011bd\u011bt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon<\/span><\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu op\u011bt ukazuje velkou slabinu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, proto\u017ee stejn\u011b jako u Krymu a dal\u0161\u00edch nov\u00fdch region\u016f Ruska je ot\u00e1zka op\u011bt stejn\u00e1: Co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nedotknutelnost hranic zem\u011b nebo pr\u00e1va lid\u00ed? k sebeur\u010den\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Odpov\u011b\u010f je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 u\u017e od rozhodnut\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora o Kosovu: vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti \u010d\u00e1sti zem\u011b neporu\u0161uje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud by se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo bralo v\u00e1\u017en\u011b, v\u0161echny \u00fazemn\u00ed spory na \u00fazem\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu by se daly snadno vy\u0159e\u0161it, nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm referend pod dohledem OSN tak, aby lid\u00e9 v posti\u017een\u00fdch oblastech (Transstrie, Osetie, Abch\u00e1zie, N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach, atd.) mohli volit demokraticky a mohou se svobodn\u011b rozhodnout, zda cht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt nez\u00e1visl\u00ed nebo pat\u0159\u00ed k jin\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu.\u00a0Pokud by se to ud\u011blalo okam\u017eit\u011b, mohlo by se p\u0159edej\u00edt velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti krveprolit\u00ed za posledn\u00edch 30 let.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1pad pod veden\u00edm USA v\u0161ak tyto konflikty \u0159e\u0161it nechce, proto\u017ee USA by je pak ji\u017e nemohly vyu\u017e\u00edvat podle pot\u0159eby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu nikdy nebylo referendum a samozvanou republiku nikdo neuznal, jednal \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n z pohledu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va leg\u00e1ln\u011b, kdy\u017e zas\u00e1hl proti samozvan\u00e9 republice a jej\u00ed arm\u00e1d\u011b v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu.\u00a0Zda to bylo mor\u00e1ln\u011b v po\u0159\u00e1dku, je jin\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, ale Pa\u0161injanovo chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy\u017e uznal N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach jako \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n a nic pro tam \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed Arm\u00e9ny nevyjedn\u00e1val, dokonce je ani nepozval na rozhovory, nedalo Alijevovi jinou mo\u017enost, jednat jako vy.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00edlem Ruska bylo pomoc\u00ed trp\u011blivosti a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed naj\u00edt \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, se kter\u00fdm by mohl \u017e\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd.\u00a0Pa\u0161injan se v\u0161ak obr\u00e1til na EU a p\u0159edal N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach Alijevovi na st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9m podnose.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek byl p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

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N\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u00e9dia aktu\u00e1ln\u011b informuj\u00ed o toku uprchl\u00edk\u016f z N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e popis jednotliv\u00fdch osud\u016f jasn\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":37258,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1730,2966,2965],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37257"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37257\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}