{"id":36996,"date":"2023-09-26T07:04:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T05:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=36996"},"modified":"2023-09-26T07:04:05","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T05:04:05","slug":"nocni-mura-se-vraci-asii-se-siri-novy-smrtici-virus-prenaseny-netopyry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/09\/26\/nocni-mura-se-vraci-asii-se-siri-novy-smrtici-virus-prenaseny-netopyry\/","title":{"rendered":"No\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fra se vrac\u00ed? Asi\u00ed se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed nov\u00fd smrt\u00edc\u00ed virus p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd netop\u00fdry"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vystra\u0161en\u00ed a \u017e\u00edzniv\u00ed savci konzumuj\u00edc\u00ed ovoce zp\u016fsobili tento m\u011bs\u00edc \u010dtvrt\u00e9 propuknut\u00ed viru Nipah v indick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Kerala<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Jihoindick\u00fd st\u00e1t Kerala ned\u00e1vno zavedl mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro boj s infek\u010dn\u00edm respira\u010dn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm netop\u00fdry \u2013 i kdy\u017e nemluv\u00edme o Covid-19, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o viru Nipah.\u00a0Bylo to \u010dtvrt\u00e9 takov\u00e9 ohnisko\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>v Kerale od roku 2018. P\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti st\u00e1t zadr\u017eel virus b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed a omezil po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed na dva, co\u017e dokazuje, pro\u010d m\u00e1 jeden z nejlep\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de v Indii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Infekce virem Nipah (NiV), naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 tak\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>encefalitida<\/span><\/a>\u00a0virem Nipah , je pojmenov\u00e1na po malajsk\u00e9 vesnici Kampung Sungai Nipah, kde byla poprv\u00e9 nalezena.\u00a0Jde o zoonotick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed ze zv\u00ed\u0159at na \u010dlov\u011bka.\u00a0Propuknut\u00ed viru v\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Malajsii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v letech 1998 a 1999 za\u010dalo u infikovan\u00fdch prasat a m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek 265 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a 108 \u00famrt\u00ed.\u00a0(Podle zdroje zdravotn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed Kerala je prase prost\u0159edn\u00edm hostitelem, kter\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed virus z netop\u00fdra na \u010dlov\u011bka.) Kmen se pot\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do\u00a0<\/span>Singapuru<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v roce 1999, co\u017e vedlo k 11 infekc\u00edm a jednomu \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0<\/span>Banglad\u00e9\u0161i<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se virem od roku 2001 nakazilo 237 lid\u00ed;\u00a0P\u0159ed rokem 2011 bylo zaznamen\u00e1no 150 \u00famrt\u00ed, ne\u017e po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v roce 2016 postupn\u011b klesl na nulu. Letos Banglad\u00e9\u0161 zaznamenal 11 infekc\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo k osmi \u00famrt\u00edm.\u00a0V Indii bylo prvn\u00ed ohnisko Nipah hl\u00e1\u0161eno ve m\u011bst\u011b Siliguri v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Beng\u00e1lsku v roce 2001, kde bylo 66 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a 45 \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad v Kerale byl hl\u00e1\u0161en z m\u011bsta Kozhikode v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti st\u00e1tu v kv\u011btnu 2018. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to epidemie bylo registrov\u00e1no 21 \u00famrt\u00ed.\u00a0Kerala rovn\u011b\u017e bojovala s ohnisky v Kozhikode v roce 2019 a Ernakulam v roce 2021, ne\u017e se letos objevily nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady v Kozhikode.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se virus uvolnil<\/span><\/h2>\n

V Kerale se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee se Nipah \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed konzumac\u00ed ovoce, kter\u00e9 bylo infikov\u00e1no netop\u00fdry.\u00a0Kaloni pat\u0159\u00ed do \u010deledi Pteropodidae a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na potrav\u011b z ovoce, kter\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0lokalizuj\u00ed sv\u00fdm \u010dichem nebo nalezen\u00edm zdroje ozv\u011bny sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho zvuku.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Jejich zvykem je l\u00e9tat na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed ovoce,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl RT C Abdul Latheef, divizn\u00ed lesn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk v Kerala’s Forest and Wildlife Department v Kozhikode.\u00a0<\/span>„Dokonce l\u00e9taj\u00ed v okruhu 30 km za jedin\u00fd den p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed ovoce.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Dr. M. Muraleedharan, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed svolavatel v\u00fdboru pro antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistenci Indick\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 asociace, uvedl, \u017ee netop\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed kolem 4000 vir\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b viru Nipah.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Virus bude \u017e\u00edt v t\u011ble netop\u00fdr\u016f, zat\u00edmco pro ostatn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata je smrteln\u00fd,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl RT.\u00a0<\/span>\u201e(Nipah) nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomen u v\u0161ech netop\u00fdr\u016f, ale u 3 % z nich.\u00a0Virus se pomno\u017e\u00ed v t\u011ble ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ze 3 % a pot\u00e9 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eVirus se mno\u017e\u00ed kv\u016fli faktor\u016fm, jako je nedostatek j\u00eddla a pitn\u00e9 vody;\u00a0kdy\u017e se netop\u00fd\u0159i leknou;\u00a0klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna;\u00a0a v d\u016fsledku b\u0159ezosti u netop\u00fdr\u016f.\u00a0Souvislost se zm\u011bnou klimatu je p\u0159edpoklad, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba prostudovat,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0dodal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z m\u00edst, kter\u00e9 mohli infikovan\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i b\u011bhem posledn\u00edho vypuknut\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvit, je zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda ve vlastnictv\u00ed jedn\u00e9 z jej\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cty\u0159icetilet\u00fd M Haris trp\u00edc\u00ed silnou hore\u010dkou, bolest\u00ed hlavy a \u00fanavou se 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pot\u00e1cel sm\u011brem k domu doktora P Jyothikumara, praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e ve Vadaka\u0159e, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v k\u00e9ralsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti Kozhikode. P\u0159\u00edznaky neustoupily navzdory l\u00e9\u010db\u011b. na soukrom\u00e9 klinice a v prim\u00e1\u0159i.\u00a0Haris, z Ayancheri pobl\u00ed\u017e Vadakara v Kozhikode, zem\u0159el ten den v Aster Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), soukrom\u00e9 nemocnici.<\/span><\/p>\n

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SOUBOROV\u00c9 FOTO: Mal\u00fd netop\u00fdr v noci, kter\u00fd \u017eije v ji\u017en\u00ed a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a Indon\u00e9sii.\u00a0\u00a9 Getty Images \/ fototrip<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Zem\u0159el tak\u00e9 jin\u00fd pacient, E Mohamedali, 47let\u00fd z Maruthonkara pobl\u00ed\u017e Kuttiadi v Kozhikode.\u00a0P\u016fvodn\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byl z\u00e1pal plic.\u00a0Dv\u011b Mohamedaliho d\u011bti, jejich str\u00fdc a bratranec v\u0161ak byli 10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ivezeni do Aster MIMS s hore\u010dkou, ka\u0161lem a d\u00fdchac\u00edmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f kontaktoval nemocnici, kde Mohamedali zem\u0159el, a uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee byl pe\u010dovatelem ve stejn\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kam byl p\u0159ijat Haris.\u00a0Oba zem\u0159eli na virus Nipah, potvrdil ministr zdravotnictv\u00ed Unie Mansukh Mandaviya.\u00a0M\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady tak\u00e9 zjistily, \u017ee na Mohamedaliho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b bylo spat\u0159eno velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed netop\u00fdr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Propuknut\u00ed viru Nipah bylo \u010dtvrt\u00e9 v Kerale, a p\u0159esto\u017ee byl virus zadr\u017een se dv\u011bma \u00famrt\u00edmi a \u0161esti infikovan\u00fdmi, m\u00edstn\u00ed ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed v \u00fater\u00fd ozn\u00e1milo, \u017ee bude pokra\u010dovat v omezen\u00edch v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch v Kozhikode.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak l\u00e9ka\u0159i zjistili, byl to Nipah<\/span><\/h2>\n

V rozhovoru pro RT doktor Jyothikumar z kooperativn\u00ed nemocnice ve Vadaka\u0159e p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee Haris m\u011bl negativn\u00ed testy na jin\u00e9 virov\u00e9 infekce, co\u017e vedlo k podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u201em\u011bl co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s neobvykl\u00fdm virem\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

„P\u0159\u00edznaky pacienta neustoupily navzdory p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u0159ekl doktor Jyothikumar.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eB\u00edl\u00fdch krvinek a krevn\u00edch desti\u010dek byl n\u00edzk\u00fd, jako u hore\u010dky dengue, ale test na hore\u010dku dengue byl negativn\u00ed.\u00a0Bylo tak\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed na leptospir\u00f3zu (krys\u00ed hore\u010dku).\u00a0Ale m\u011bl tak\u00e9 negativn\u00ed test na krys\u00ed hore\u010dku.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Vzorek Harisovy krve byl odesl\u00e1n na ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) \u2013 test, kter\u00fd detekuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky, antigeny a dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tky v krvi, mo\u010di nebo jin\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 tekutin\u011b \u2013 proto\u017ee test na krys\u00ed hore\u010dku m\u016f\u017ee vykazovat fale\u0161n\u011b negativn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky.\u00a0O p\u011bt hodin pozd\u011bji byl dal\u0161\u00ed negativn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eDal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed byla virov\u00e1 hepatitida, na kterou se test d\u011blal p\u0159\u00edmo v nemocnici.\u00a0To bylo tak\u00e9 negativn\u00ed.\u00a0Byl proveden rentgenov\u00fd sn\u00edmek virov\u00e9 pneumonie, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak neodhalil \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 znaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Tehdy jsem m\u011bl podez\u0159en\u00ed na neobvyklou nemoc.\u00a0Pos\u00edl\u00e1me nouzov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady bu\u010f na Medical College (Government Medical College, Kozhikode) nebo na Aster MIMS.\u00a0Haris preferoval soukromou nemocnici, a proto p\u0159e\u0161el na MIMS,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0dodal doktor Jyothikumar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Okam\u017eit\u011b zavolal doktora Anoopa Kumara, specialistu na kritickou p\u00e9\u010di v Aster MIMS, kter\u00fd hr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i detekci Nipah v roce 2018, jen aby sly\u0161el, \u017ee pacienti s podobn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky m\u011bli negativn\u00ed testy na jin\u00e9 virov\u00e9 infekce.\u00a0L\u00e9ka\u0159i vyv\u011bsili \u010dervenou vlajku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da obsahuje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

Hlavn\u00ed ministr Kerala Pinarayi Vijayan v \u00fater\u00fd m\u00e9di\u00edm \u0159ekl, \u017ee cel\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 infrastruktura ve st\u00e1t\u011b byla zapojena do zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Nipahu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eByl p\u0159ipraven ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n Nipah a byl vytvo\u0159en z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdbor s 19 t\u00fdmy.\u00a0Zdravotn\u00ed experti se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee \u0161ance na druhou vlnu je vzd\u00e1len\u00e1, i kdy\u017e to nelze \u00fapln\u011b odepsat.\u00a0P\u0159i sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed viru (kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed epidemi\u00ed) prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9m ICMR (Indick\u00e1 rada pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum) byly v letech 2018 a 2019 nalezeny podobn\u00e9 v\u011bci (o vypuknut\u00ed epidemie), \u201c\u0159ekl Vijayan<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed ministryn\u011b zdravotnictv\u00ed Veena Georgeov\u00e1 koordinovala kontejnment Nipah pot\u00e9, co byla vl\u00e1da 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed informov\u00e1na o podez\u0159el\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpadu.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Do\u0161lo k neobvykl\u00e9 hore\u010dce… pacient m\u011bl komorbidity.“\u00a0Ale Nipah byl podez\u0159el\u00fd, proto\u017ee jeho bl\u00edzc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edznaky.\u00a0Vzorek krve pacienta byl testov\u00e1n na Kozhikode Medical College ve stejn\u00fd den, kter\u00fd byl pozitivn\u00ed.\u00a0Ale org\u00e1nem pro vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ohniska Nipah je N\u00e1rodn\u00ed virologick\u00fd \u00fastav (NIV), Pune, v Mah\u00e1r\u00e1\u0161t\u0159e.\u00a0Vzorky byly odesl\u00e1ny do NIV a Nipah byl potvrzen,\u201c<\/span><\/em> uvedla.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zdravotn\u00edk v ochrann\u00e9 v\u00fdstroji posouv\u00e1 16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023 \u017eenu s p\u0159\u00edznaky viru Nipah na izola\u010dn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed ve vl\u00e1dn\u00ed nemocnici v Kozhikode v jihoindick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Kerala. \u00a9 AFP<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed zah\u00e1jilo ter\u00e9nn\u00ed dohled v regionu a podle ministra byly v Kozhikode Medical College Hospital testov\u00e1ny tis\u00edce vzork\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

„S NIV Pune byla vytvo\u0159ena diagnostick\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 a byl proveden workshop na st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni s odborn\u00edky na zdrav\u00ed a za \u00fa\u010dasti odd\u011blen\u00ed lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a chovu zv\u00ed\u0159at,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl George.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da Unie vyslala t\u0159i t\u00fdmy: jeden pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed netop\u00fdr\u016f, druh\u00fd mobiln\u00ed testovac\u00ed jednotku, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f do NIV Pune, a t\u0159et\u00ed pro epidemiologick\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zadr\u017eovac\u00ed z\u00f3ny byly vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny v dev\u00edti m\u00edstn\u00edch org\u00e1nech, n\u011bkolika diviz\u00edch korporace Kozhikode a v r\u016fzn\u00fdch obvodech magistr\u00e1tu Feroke ve stejn\u00e9m okrese.\u00a0\u010clenov\u00e9 Asha (Akreditovan\u00fd aktivista v oblasti soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zdrav\u00ed) denn\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvovali domovy, aby monitorovali lidi a sb\u00edrali data.\u00a0Intenzivn\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f pacient\u016f bylo zalo\u017eeno na jejich map\u00e1ch tras.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1t nasadil podobn\u00e9 metody pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Covid-19.\u00a0Pohyb v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch byl omezen a byl povolen pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze.\u00a0Bylo povoleno otev\u0159\u00edt pouze obchody prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pot\u0159eby, zat\u00edmco vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed instituce a banky z\u016fstaly zav\u0159en\u00e9 a\u017e do zru\u0161en\u00ed omezen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se Kerala vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 s virem Nipah<\/span><\/h2>\n

Kerala u\u017e m\u011bla praxi.\u00a0Od druh\u00e9ho propuknut\u00ed kup\u0159edu st\u00e1t sn\u00ed\u017eil \u00famrtnost na Nipah.\u00a0V roce 2019 byla infekce zji\u0161t\u011bna u 23let\u00e9ho mu\u017ee v Ernakulamu, kter\u00fd p\u0159e\u017eil.\u00a0Epidemie v roce 2021 si v\u0161ak vy\u017e\u00e1dala \u017eivot 12let\u00e9ho chlapce.\u00a0Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f Keraly a p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd dohled nad lidmi na seznamu kontakt\u016f pacienta vedly k \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9mu omezen\u00ed nemoci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takto p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd dohled neexistuje v mnoha jin\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, kde by mohl z\u016fstat\u00a0<\/span>neodhalen<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Kerala investuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky do sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, co\u017e vede k efektivn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>propuknut\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0St\u00e1t m\u00e1 v\u00edce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fd nemocni\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pod vl\u00e1dou, po\u010d\u00ednaje Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm st\u0159ediskem po Komunitn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed st\u0159edisko a od Taluku (spr\u00e1vn\u00ed jednotka \u0159ady vesnic) po okresn\u00ed nemocnice.\u00a0St\u00e1t m\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty ve 12 ze 14 okres\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kerala byla obecn\u011b dobr\u00fdm poskytovatelem zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb.\u00a0Spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi dv\u011bma ji\u017en\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, Tamil Nadu a Telanganou, se\u00a0 b\u011bhem pandemie Covid\u00a0<\/span>objevila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0jako jedna z nejlep\u0161\u00edch v ro\u010dn\u00edm indexu zdrav\u00ed NITI Aayog.\u00a0NITI Aayog je vrcholn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm think-tankem indick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.\u00a0Jeho ro\u010dn\u00ed index zdrav\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost st\u00e1t\u016f a unijn\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed (UT).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kerala se tak\u00e9 objevila na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b mezi v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi st\u00e1ty v zemi, pokud jde o celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon v oblasti\u00a0<\/span>zdravotn\u00edch ukazatel\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b NITI Aayog v roce 2019. St\u00e1t m\u00e1 nav\u00edc nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>d\u011btskou \u00famrtnost<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zdravotn\u00edci v ochrann\u00e9 v\u00fdstroji p\u0159ehazuj\u00ed t\u011blo \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el na infekci virem Nipah v soukrom\u00e9 nemocnici v Kozikode v indick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Kerala.\u00a0\u00a9 AFP<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Pro potvrzovac\u00ed test Nipah existuj\u00ed dv\u011b virologick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e v Kerale \u2013 v Kozhikode Medical College Hospital a v Institutu virologie v Thonnakkal, v Thiruvananthapuram.\u00a0Medical College se od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2021 m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm BSL-2 (\u00farove\u0148 biologick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti 2, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u0161echny laborato\u0159e, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed s \u010diniteli spojen\u00fdmi s lidsk\u00fdmi nemocemi).<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho t\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ipravil protokol Nipah pro st\u00e1t po vypuknut\u00ed epidemie v roce 2018 a revidoval jej v roce 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d Kozhikode?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Dr. Muraleedharan \u0159ekl, \u017ee nedostatek vody a potravy vytla\u010duje zv\u00ed\u0159ata z pralesa, co\u017e je \u010dast\u00fd v\u00fdskyt v okresech Kozhikode a Wayanad na severu Kerala. To by zase mohlo zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdskyt netop\u00fdr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Vid\u00edme netop\u00fdry jako \u0161patn\u00e1 znamen\u00ed a vyd\u011bs\u00edme je, a to spust\u00ed virus v jejich t\u011blech,“\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee je toho m\u00e1lo, co lze ud\u011blat.\u00a0<\/span>„Netop\u00fd\u0159i l\u00e9taj\u00ed vysoko,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0dodal Latheef.\u00a0<\/span>„P\u0159irozen\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 omezit jejich pohyb.“\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Podle jeho n\u00e1zoru je jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed z\u016fstat ve st\u0159ehu, kdy\u017e se netop\u00fd\u0159i zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na ovoce v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti.\u00a0<\/span>„Nen\u00ed praktick\u00e9 omezovat p\u0159irozen\u00fd pohyb zv\u00ed\u0159ete.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Sreehari Raman, odborn\u00fd asistent na kated\u0159e v\u011bdy o p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b Kerala Agricultural University, \u0159ekl RT, \u017ee\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u201enen\u00ed to jako omezovat vstup divok\u00fdch slon\u016f do m\u011bsta v\u00fdstavbou plot\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Netop\u00fd\u0159i se pohybuj\u00ed sm\u011brem k ovoci.\u00a0Kdy\u017e se jeho dostupnost sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, jdou d\u00e1l.\u00a0Dok\u00e1\u017eou ul\u00e9tnout v pr\u016fm\u011bru 20-25 km denn\u011b.\u00a0Ale ze 48 a\u017e 50 druh\u016f netop\u00fdr\u016f v Kerale se pouze \u0161est \u017eiv\u00ed ovocem.\u00a0Zbytek jed\u00ed hmyz a nejsou podez\u0159el\u00ed z \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed viru Nipah.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Jak se ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b vypo\u0159\u00e1daly s Nipahem?<\/span><\/h2>\n

V roce 1999 se Malajsie uch\u00fdlila k hromadn\u00e9mu\u00a0<\/span>vyb\u00edjen\u00ed prasat<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pot\u00e9, co \u00famrtnost na infek\u010dn\u00ed choroby p\u0159es\u00e1hla 60. Indon\u00e9sie v roce 2020\u00a0<\/span>utratila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0stovky netop\u00fdr\u016f nalezen\u00fdch na m\u00edstn\u00edm trhu, co\u017e popsalo jako snahu omezit \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed viru Nipah.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naopak Kerala se k podobn\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm nikdy neuch\u00fdlila a v roce 2018 vl\u00e1da varovala p\u0159ed utracen\u00edm netop\u00fdr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vyru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm netop\u00fdr\u016f bylo d\u00e1no i letos,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl RT zdroj z ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed pod podm\u00ednkou anonymity.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eJenom je to vyd\u011bs\u00ed a povede to k \u201avylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed vir\u016f\u2018.\u00a0Strategi\u00ed st\u00e1tu je zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159enosu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f.\u00a0St\u00e1t zab\u00edj\u00ed pouze komer\u010dn\u011b p\u011bstovan\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, nikoli p\u0159irozen\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Jak tedy Banglad\u00e9\u0161 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vym\u00fdtil infekce?\u00a0Vedla masovou osv\u011btovou kampa\u0148, ve kter\u00e9 lidi \u017e\u00e1dala, aby nejedli \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu z datlov\u00e9 palmy (DPS).\u00a0Indov\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ak k tomuto tvrzen\u00ed skepti\u010dt\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>„Nen\u00ed potvrzen\u00fdm faktem, \u017ee v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i byl virus p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en konzumac\u00ed surov\u00e9ho DPS,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl RT doktor Anish TS, docent komunitn\u00ed medic\u00edny na Government Medical College v Malappuramu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed ministr Pinarayi v \u00fater\u00fd m\u00e9di\u00edm \u0159ekl, \u017ee ani ICMR nedala jasnou odpov\u011b\u010f na to, pro\u010d se Nipah v Kozhikode opakuje.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Byla p\u0159ijata v\u011bdeck\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Nipahu v Kozhikode a nedalek\u00fdch okresech Kannur, Wayanad a Malappuram,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl.\u00a0<\/span>„St\u00e1t provede s\u00e9ro-sledovac\u00ed studii a ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Saritha\u00a0S Balan<\/strong>\u00a0, novin\u00e1\u0159ka na voln\u00e9 noze se s\u00eddlem v Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Vystra\u0161en\u00ed a \u017e\u00edzniv\u00ed savci konzumuj\u00edc\u00ed ovoce zp\u016fsobili tento m\u011bs\u00edc \u010dtvrt\u00e9 propuknut\u00ed viru Nipah v indick\u00e9m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":36997,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[79,5990,492,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36996"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36996"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36996\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}