{"id":35988,"date":"2023-09-12T01:11:33","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T23:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=35988"},"modified":"2023-09-11T17:07:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T15:07:35","slug":"africky-stat-niger-v-zaverecne-bitve-proti-hodnotam-zapadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/09\/12\/africky-stat-niger-v-zaverecne-bitve-proti-hodnotam-zapadu\/","title":{"rendered":"Africk\u00fd st\u00e1t Niger v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 bitv\u011b proti \u201ehodnot\u00e1m Z\u00e1padu\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Niger, zem\u011b s 26 miliony obyvatel, byl do 26. \u010dervence 2023 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm spojencem Z\u00e1padu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 posledn\u00edm africk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem ve vnitrozem\u00ed Sahelu s demokraticky zvolenou vl\u00e1dou.\u00a0Toho dne d\u016fstojn\u00edci prezidentsk\u00e9 gardy Nigeru pod veden\u00edm jejich velitele brig\u00e1dn\u00edho gener\u00e1la Abdourahamane Tianiho svrhli tamn\u00edho prezidenta Mohameda Bazouma, pozastavili platnost \u00fastavy a rozpustili v\u0161echny \u00fastavn\u00ed instituce.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niger\u00a0byl<\/u>\u00a0jedn\u00edm z 15 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f \u201eHospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho\u00a0spole\u010denstv\u00ed\u00a0<\/u><\/span>z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span><\/u>st\u00e1t\u016f<\/span><\/u>\u00a0\u201c (\u00a0ECOWAS\u00a0)\u00a0.\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00edmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty t\u00e9to aliance jsou: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed slonoviny, Gambie, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lib\u00e9rie, Mali, Nig\u00e9rie, Senegal, Sierra Leone a Togo.<\/span><\/u><\/u><\/u><\/u><\/p>\n

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Z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd blok ECOWAS pohrozil intervenc\u00ed v Nigeru po tomto p\u0159evratu (viz \u201eThe Indian Express\u201c 9. srpna 2023)(1)<\/span><\/p>\n

Niger \u2013 se dv\u011bma ciz\u00edmi vojensk\u00fdmi mocnostmi (Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Francie) v zemi \u2013 se stal form\u00e1ln\u011b\u00a0<\/span>\u201enez\u00e1visl\u00fdm\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0na Francii v roce 1960, ale z\u016fstal \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sv\u00e1z\u00e1n s Franci\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny franku CFA a dal\u0161\u00edch skryt\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nZem\u011b ECOWAS(2) Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed slonoviny, Senegal a Togo jsou rovn\u011b\u017e spojeny se z\u00f3nou CFA frank\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dev\u011bt ze 14 zem\u00ed CFA pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>zem\u011b<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch tak\u00e9 utrp\u011bla v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd propad.\u00a0To je p\u0159\u00edpad Gabonu, Kamerunu a Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed slonoviny.\u00a0Podle ukazatel\u016f rozvoje Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky p\u0159edstavuje Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed slonoviny nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomiku v frankov\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b s re\u00e1ln\u00fdm HDP na obyvatele (2 430 USD) v roce 2022, co\u017e je 20 procent pod vrcholem z roku 1978 (3 017 USD).(3) V Nigeru je re\u00e1ln\u00fd HDP na hlavu v roce 2020 (545 USD) byl p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 15 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v roce 1978 (638 USD) \u2013 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s N\u011bmeckem, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo re\u00e1ln\u00fd HDP na hlavu 50 795 USD, a Franci\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla jeden USD 44 853.(4)<\/span><\/p>\n

Pevn\u00fd sm\u011bnn\u00fd kurz v\u016f\u010di euru v roce 1994 nejen zp\u016fsobil devalvaci 14 st\u00e1t\u016f CFA o 50 procent, ale tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobil, \u017ee ztratily p\u0159\u00edstup k 85 procent\u016fm sv\u00fdch devizov\u00fdch rezerv, kter\u00e9 byly nuceny ulo\u017eit u Agence France Tr\u00e9sor ( AFT.(5) A\u010dkoli je \u201efrancouzsk\u00e1 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e\u201c kone\u010dn\u011b histori\u00ed od roku 1980, koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna CFA frank st\u00e1le existuje.\u00a0Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 prost\u0159edkem a v\u00fdrazem politiky, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje vliv Francie na africk\u00e9m kontinentu ve smyslu finan\u010dn\u00ed suverenity.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161echny zem\u011b CFA jsou bohat\u00e9 na suroviny, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 siln\u011b zadlu\u017een\u00e9.\u00a0Navzdory sv\u00fdm obrovsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed Burkina Faso, Mali a Niger mezi nejchud\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta\u00a0<\/span>.\u00a0\u201eMoje generace tomu nerozum\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(6), \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 35let\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f Burkiny Faso Ibrahim Traor\u00e9.\u00a0Americk\u00fd politolog Michael Parenti odpov\u011bd\u011bl:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eDocela jednoduch\u00e9!\u00a0Chud\u00e9 zem\u011b nejsou zaostal\u00e9<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>ale<\/span><\/em>\u00a0sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159et\u011b\u017eovan\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>!\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(7).<\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 18. \u0159\u00edjna 2022 se \u0161\u00e9f diplomacie EU a m\u00edstop\u0159edseda Komise Josep Borrell uch\u00fdlil k metafo\u0159e, kter\u00e1 vyvolala vlny mimo EU.\u00a0Na adresu mlad\u00fdch diplomat\u016f v Brugg\u00e1ch \u0159ekl:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eMy jsme zahrada, zbytek sv\u011bta je d\u017eungle\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(8) a \u0159ekl budouc\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm Komise, aby\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u0161li do d\u017eungle chr\u00e1nit park.\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(9), proto\u017ee samotn\u00e1 hradba pevnosti nesta\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 hodnoty se mus\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et do sv\u011bta, jinak by do EU pronikl chaos zven\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0Mluv\u010d\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Maria Zakharova na Twitteru pohotov\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee tato\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/em>zahrada\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u201c<\/span><\/em>(nejprosperuj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd syst\u00e9m na sv\u011bt\u011b)\u00a0mohl b\u00fdt vybudov\u00e1n pouze\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/em>rabov\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/em>kolonialismu .\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Kdo tomu chce odporovat?<\/span><\/p>\n

Zhruba \u010dtvrtina dovozu uranu do Evropy a p\u011btina dovozu uranu do Francie poch\u00e1z\u00ed z b\u00fdval\u00e9 z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 kolonie Niger, kter\u00e1 s 56 jadern\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami zauj\u00edm\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edsto mezi sv\u011btov\u00fdmi export\u00e9ry jadern\u00e9 energie.\u00a0P\u0159esto\u017ee m\u00e1 Niger nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uranov\u00e9 rudy v Africe, je sedm\u00fd nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed producent uranu na sv\u011bt\u011b jednou z nejchud\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed sv\u011bta.\u00a0V aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm indexu\u00a0<\/span>lidsk\u00e9ho rozvoje OSN<\/span><\/em>\u00a0je tato zem\u011b na 189. m\u00edst\u011b ze 191 uveden\u00fdch zem\u00ed.\u00a0P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 procent populace \u017eije pod n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hranic\u00ed chudoby.\u00a0Pouze necel\u00e1 polovina populace m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k \u010dist\u00e9 pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b a pouze asi 16 procent je p\u0159ipojeno k odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed hygien\u011b.(10)<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli Niger produkuje v pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span>tunu<\/span>\u00a0zlata ro\u010dn\u011b (2001\u20132020) , zem\u011b nedr\u017e\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00e9 ani zlat\u00e9 rezervy (srpen 2023)(11).\u00a0B\u00fdval\u00fd koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dce Francie naopak udr\u017euje \u010dtvrt\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1soby zlata na sv\u011bt\u011b s 2 436 tunami, p\u0159esto\u017ee se tato\u00a0<\/span>\u201esurovina\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0v samotn\u00e9 Francii nevyskytuje.\u00a0V b\u00fdval\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 kolonii Burkina Faso tomu nen\u00ed jinak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z ro\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu z vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 produkce zlata, kter\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00ed (odhadem) 600 000 d\u011bt\u00ed, jde pouze 10 procent do zem\u011b, ale 90 procent nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edm korporac\u00edm na t\u011b\u017ebu zlata.(12)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nV\u00fdvoz Nigeru v procentech v roce 2019 podle hlavn\u00edch produkt\u016f.<\/span>
\nZdroj: Datawheel, CC0, p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zkou je, zda si tyto africk\u00e9 zem\u011b samy mohou za to, \u017ee jsou i p\u0159es sv\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje zb\u00edda\u010deny, nebo zda jsou to koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed okovy, kter\u00e9 nikdy nebyly set\u0159eseny, co dr\u017e\u00ed tyto zem\u011b v zajet\u00ed a Z\u00e1pad upl\u00e1c\u00ed. mal\u00e9, zkorumpovan\u00e9 elity t\u011bchto zem\u00ed \u2013 takzvan\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Compa\u00f1eros\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u2013<\/span><\/em>\u00a0kter\u00e9 se nestaraj\u00ed o sv\u00e9 spoluob\u010dany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed se Niger postavil proti v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm (neo-)koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm k\u0159ivd\u00e1m a emancipoval se od koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed velmoci Francie vojensk\u00fdm p\u0159evratem.\u00a0Tot\u00e9\u017e bylo pozorov\u00e1no v Mali, Burkin\u011b Faso, Guineji a Senegalu.\u00a0Nen\u00ed tedy divu, \u017ee po vzpou\u0159e v Nigeru byl nejen zak\u00e1z\u00e1n v\u00fdvoz uranu a zlata, ale bylo na\u0159\u00edzeno i uzav\u0159en\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a sta\u017een\u00ed zhruba 1500 francouzsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.\u00a0St\u00e1le se nemluvilo o sta\u017een\u00ed asi 1000 americk\u00fdch a asi 200 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd Niger m\u00e1 arm\u00e1du 5300 aktivn\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f a kolem 5400 polovojensk\u00fdch jednotek.\u00a010 700 voj\u00e1k\u016f je proti zhruba 3 000 z\u00e1padn\u00edch profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed slou\u017eili p\u0159i v\u00fdcviku nigersk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy: Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u2013 \u017ee na t\u0159i nigersk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky p\u0159ipad\u00e1 jeden cvi\u010ditel?<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b m\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed arm\u00e1da tak\u00e9 bojovat s islamistick\u00fdmi rebely (Al-K\u00e1ida a jej\u00ed od\u0161t\u011bpen\u00e9 skupiny).\u00a0To v\u0161ak dostate\u010dn\u011b nevysv\u011btluje pot\u0159ebu americk\u00e9 bezpilotn\u00ed z\u00e1kladny v Nigeru.\u00a0S touto zbran\u00ed vystupuj\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed prezidenti od dob George W. Bushe \u2013 Barack Obama, Donald Trump a Joe Biden \u2013 jako \u017ealobci, soudci a kat v jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b: Z\u0159ejm\u011b v souladu s \u010dasto citovan\u00fdm \u201e\u0159\u00e1dem zalo\u017een\u00fdm na pravidlech\u00a0\u201c<\/em>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mocensk\u00e9 hry USA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed z\u00e1kladna v Nigeru by mohla z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska v\u00e9st k vojensk\u00e9 intervenci americk\u00fdch sil.\u00a0Je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by USA v\u011bnovaly velkou pozornost n\u011bmeck\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed uv\u00edzli ve vzdu\u0161n\u00e9m prostoru Nigeru kv\u016fli z\u00e1kazu let\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nebo si tu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0snad\u00a0USA\u00a0<\/span>zahr\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0<\/span><\/em>?\u00a0<\/span><\/em>To nelze vylou\u010dit.\u00a0Tento p\u0159evrat by nebyl prvn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201ejinou operac\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00e1lka\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0CIA v historii Nigeru.\u00a0Ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem pro USA a EU by byla invaze siln\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy Nig\u00e9rie za Nigerem do Mali a Burkiny Faso, pot\u00e9, co tyto dva st\u00e1ty m\u011bly za sebou i jednotky Wagnera.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fakt, kter\u00fd stav\u00ed p\u00e1d letadla Prigozhin do zcela nov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla.\u00a0Spolu s Prigozhinem bylo eliminov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik vedouc\u00edch osobnost\u00ed PMC Wagner v dob\u011b, kdy Wagner v Africe za\u010dal b\u00fdt\u00a0<\/span>pro Z\u00e1pad \u201eru\u0161iv\u00fd\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Krom\u011b toho byly \u010din\u011bny pokusy p\u0159ipnout tento \u00fatok na Putina, odv\u00e9st pozornost od jedn\u00e1n\u00ed BRICS a z\u00e1rove\u0148 po\u0161kodit obraz rusk\u00e9ho prezidenta v\u016f\u010di africk\u00fdm zem\u00edm.\u00a0Afri\u010dan\u00e9 se u\u017e nenechaj\u00ed dr\u00e1\u017edit takovou nemotornou propagandou.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159i p\u0159evratech v Mali, Burkin\u011b Faso a Guineji zem\u011b ECOWAS – v t\u00e9 dob\u011b jim p\u0159edsedaly Ghana a Guinea-Bissau – neprok\u00e1zaly od roku 2020 jednotn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup.\u00a0Nyn\u00ed nigerijsk\u00fd prezident Bola Tinubu p\u0159edsed\u00e1 ECOWAS a prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee diplomacie je\u00a0<\/span>\u201enejlep\u0161\u00ed cestou vp\u0159ed\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed krize.\u00a0Prezident 220 milion\u016f lid\u00ed usiluj\u00edc\u00edch o region\u00e1ln\u00ed veden\u00ed v\u0161ak v sybillinu prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>\u201emo\u017enosti nejsou se stolem\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.(13) V samotn\u00e9 zemi existuje siln\u00fd odpor k intervenci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proti vojensk\u00e9 intervenci jsou tak\u00e9 Mali, Burkina Faso a Al\u017e\u00edrsko.\u00a0V Berl\u00edn\u011b uv\u00edtal mluv\u010d\u00ed ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u017ee ECOWAS nad\u00e1le usiluje o vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech diplomatick\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed a sna\u017e\u00ed se t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem nal\u00e9zt \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ji\u017e nyn\u00ed.\u00a0S v\u011bdom\u00edm toho, \u017ee hrozba vojensk\u00e9 intervence je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b st\u00e1le ve vzduchu\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(14),<\/span><\/p>\n

a d\u00e1l:<\/span><\/p>\n

„Na\u0161\u00edm po\u017eadavkem je a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1vrat k \u00fastavn\u00edmu po\u0159\u00e1dku.“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(15)<\/span><\/p>\n

Po ileg\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159evratu na Ukrajin\u011b v \u00fanoru 2014 nebyly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 takov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky vzneseny, co\u017e op\u011bt dokazuje sv\u00e9volnou\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/em>dvojitost zalo\u017eenou na pravidlech\u201c Z\u00e1padu,\u00a0<\/span><\/em>pokud<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jde o nal\u00e9hav\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zdroje, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed nad\u00e1le okr\u00e1dat jako d\u0159\u00edve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejde ani o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, ani o demokracii a u\u017e v\u016fbec ne o lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.\u00a0Jde o to, aby Z\u00e1pad a zejm\u00e9na Francie z\u00edskaly levn\u00fd uran a zlato [1];\u00a0Plyn nad\u00e1le proud\u00ed p\u0159es Niger do Evropy [2] (viz n\u00ed\u017ee) a Niger blokuje migraci p\u0159es svou zemi do Libye [3], a\u010dkoli subsaharsk\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed toky p\u0159es Niger do Libye maj\u00ed za n\u00e1sledek obchod po migra\u010dn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch veden\u00fdch s obchody, hotely a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 chud\u00e9 populaci p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely minim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem.\u00a0EU zaplatila nigerijsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b miliardy za uzav\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto migra\u010dn\u00edch tras, co\u017e vedlo k protest\u016fm mezi nigerijsk\u00fdm obyvatelstvem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Antony Blinken uvedl, \u017ee hovo\u0159il s prezidentem Bazoumem, kter\u00fd byl sesazen a od t\u00e9 doby je v\u011bzn\u011bn, a zd\u016fraznil \u00fasil\u00ed o m\u00edrov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konfliktu.\u00a0Blinken tak\u00e9 zopakoval po\u017eadavek, aby byl Bazoum a jeho rodina okam\u017eit\u011b propu\u0161t\u011bni.(16) Je dojemn\u00e9, jak se demagog Blinken star\u00e1 o zkorumpovan\u00e9ho, b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta Bazouma, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e dikt\u00e1torsk\u00fd kompa\u00f1ero podplacen\u00fd Z\u00e1padem, s jeho\u017e pomoc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>to<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Umo\u017enit zem\u00edm, aby byly drancov\u00e1ny, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017enit, aby obyvatelstvo bez jak\u00fdchkoli skrupul\u00ed zchudlo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 7. srpna 2023 odcestovala Blinkenova z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b Victoria Nuland (\u201eFuck the EU\u201c) do hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Nig\u00e9rie Niamey.\u00a0Napsala na X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e…aby vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili sv\u00e9 hlubok\u00e9 znepokojen\u00ed nad nedemokratick\u00fdmi pokusy o uchopen\u00ed moci, prosazuj\u00ed n\u00e1vrat k \u00fastavn\u00edmu po\u0159\u00e1dku\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(17).<\/span><\/p>\n

Novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm \u0159ekla, \u017ee se setkala s b\u00fdval\u00fdm plukovn\u00edkem Moussou Salaou Barmou, samozvan\u00fdm nigerijsk\u00fdm \u0161\u00e9fem obrany a t\u0159emi dal\u0161\u00edmi plukovn\u00edky.\u00a0Nuland zm\u00ednila, \u017ee Barmou p\u0159edt\u00edm absolvoval vojensk\u00fd v\u00fdcvik z USA a po mnoho a mnoho let velmi \u00fazce spolupracoval s americk\u00fdmi speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi silami, a zd\u016fraznil:<\/span><\/p>\n

„Tak\u017ee jsme mohli podrobn\u011b prodiskutovat rizika spojen\u00e1 s aspekty na\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 pro n\u011bj byly v minulosti velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. „<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Nulandov\u00e9 nut\u00ed k zamy\u0161len\u00ed.\u00a0Nab\u00edz\u00ed se ot\u00e1zka, zda se zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u017eeny skute\u010dn\u011b dok\u00e1\u017eou d\u011blat lep\u0161\u00ed a hum\u00e1nn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politiku ne\u017e b\u00edl\u00ed sta\u0159\u00edci: Pokud mysl\u00edte na Nuland, Baerbock nebo Liz Truss, m\u011bli byste sklon odpov\u00eddat na tuto ot\u00e1zku z\u00e1porn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tureck\u00fd prezident Recep Tayyip Erdogan reagoval na rozhodnut\u00ed rebel\u016f z Nigeru zak\u00e1zat v\u00fdvoz uranu a zlata do Francie a \u0159ekl, \u017ee jde o reakci na dlouhodob\u00fd \u00fatlak Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, (18), co\u017e m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e pravdu, pokud jeho politick\u00fd styl n\u011bkdy p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e styl na tureck\u00e9m bazaru.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee prvn\u00ed zem\u011b v Africe cht\u011bj\u00ed skoncovat s okr\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm surovin a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm mafi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch dohod se Z\u00e1padem.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u011btat\u0159icetilet\u00e1 hlava st\u00e1tu Burkina Faso Ibrahim Traor\u00e9, geolog a d\u016fstojn\u00edk, rovn\u011b\u017e vyhodil francouzsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky ze dve\u0159\u00ed a zak\u00e1zal v\u00fdvoz zlata a uranu do Francie a USA.\u00a0Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed spojenectv\u00ed s Nigerem, Guineou, Mali a Al\u017e\u00edrskem.(19) Ibrahim Traor\u00e9 by se mohl st\u00e1t nad\u011bj\u00ed (z\u00e1pado)africk\u00e9ho \u201e\u00a0<\/span>povst\u00e1n\u00ed proti neokolonialismu a z\u00e1padn\u00ed dominanci\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0Pak by se fas\u00e1dy\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/em>hodnotov\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu\u201c mohly\u00a0<\/span><\/em>kone\u010dn\u011b<\/span><\/em>\u00a0zhroutit.\u00a0Tato\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/em>hodnota na z\u00e1pad\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u201c<\/span><\/em>Krom\u011b vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdhod se \u010dasto uk\u00e1zala je\u0161t\u011b o\u0161kliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nka, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Vietnamu, Chile, Salvadoru, Nikaragui, Grenad\u011b, Jugosl\u00e1vii, Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, Ir\u00e1ku a Libyi.\u00a0Na to by se na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm jihu nem\u011blo zapom\u00ednat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko jako pr\u016fkopn\u00edk glob\u00e1ln\u00edho hnut\u00ed za svobodu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e se Z\u00e1pad r\u00e1d prezentuje jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u0159azen\u00fd a pokrytecky mluv\u00ed o diverzit\u011b a antirasismu, takov\u00e1 duplicita nefunguje.\u00a0Nyn\u00ed se zd\u00e1, \u017ee Rusov\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed to, co Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 na Ukrajin\u011b: s pomoc\u00ed obyvatelstva podporuj\u00ed p\u0159evrat.\u00a0Na tomto pozad\u00ed se Niger, Burkina Faso a Mali zdaj\u00ed sebev\u011bdom\u00e9, proto\u017ee mohou po\u010d\u00edtat s rusko-\u010d\u00ednskou podporou.\u00a0Konflikt v Nigeru m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1l pro v\u00e1lku syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e1 by se mohla rozvinout v postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed proxy v\u00e1lku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st africk\u00e9 populace, zejm\u00e9na ta mlad\u0161\u00ed, nevid\u00ed Putina jako padoucha, jak ho Z\u00e1pad rad\u011bji vykresluje, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jako zast\u00e1nce glob\u00e1ln\u00edho hnut\u00ed za svobodu, kter\u00e9 se stav\u00ed proti \u0159\u00e1du vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a podma\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eovan\u00e9ho herci. na geopolitick\u00e9m Z\u00e1pad\u011b \u2013 pod rou\u0161kou \u201edemokracie\u201c \u2013 m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na jejich regiony.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1ty EU, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm aliance b\u00fdval\u00fdch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f na rozd\u00edl od st\u00e1t\u016f BRICS, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou st\u00e1le kolonizov\u00e1ny, od po\u010d\u00e1tku nepova\u017eovaly za nutn\u00e9 chovat se k africk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm ohledupln\u011b.\u00a0Katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed africk\u00e1 politika USA – 2007: zalo\u017een\u00ed americk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho velen\u00ed AFRICOM – a EU, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed p\u00e1dem do geopolitick\u00e9 bezv\u00fdznamnosti, rozd\u011blila Afriku od Z\u00e1padu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba odk\u00e1zat na \u010dl. 42 odst. 5 Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy EU z roku 2007 (shodn\u00fd s d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkem 17 \u00dastavy EU z roku 2005).\u00a0Pot\u00e9, co \u00fastava EU nebyla ratifikov\u00e1na parlamenty Francie a Irska, vstoupila o dva roky pozd\u011bji v platnost do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry toto\u017en\u00e1 varianta smlouvy EU: \u010dl\u00e1nek 42\/5 definuje vojensk\u00e9 mise \u201ek ochran\u011b hodnot Unie a ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch jeho z\u00e1jmy\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0( 20).\u00a0Srozumiteln\u011b to znamen\u00e1: \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00e1lky o ropu, uran a v\u00fdvoz cennost\u00ed.\u00a0Toto je \u0159\u00e1d\u00a0Z\u00e1padu\u00a0<\/span>zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech , kter\u00fd lze prov\u00e9st silou a bez jak\u00e9hokoli mand\u00e1tu OSN.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Z dokumentu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Bundestagu z 18. dubna 2018\u00a0<\/span>NATO a energetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost\u00a0<\/span><\/em>je z ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 role NATO patrn\u00e9, \u017ee tato obrann\u00e1 aliance m\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit n\u011bco, na co nevyhnuteln\u011b nem\u00e1 n\u00e1rok: Aliance na sv\u00e9m internetov\u00e9m port\u00e1lu uv\u00e1d\u00ed jako z listopadu 2011, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>\u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy by mohly b\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovlivn\u011bny naru\u0161en\u00edm toku \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zdroj\u016f\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>(21)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le se bude Z\u00e1pad a zejm\u00e9na EU sna\u017eit zm\u011bn\u011b paradigmatu vyh\u00fdbat nebo na ni reagovat n\u00e1sil\u00edm, t\u00edm katastrof\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budou d\u016fsledky.\u00a0Z\u00e1pad nem\u00e1 zdroje, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u011b spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1.\u00a0Je st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00edskat tyto zdroje, bez ohledu na to, odkud poch\u00e1zej\u00ed, pomoc\u00ed s\u00edly, v\u00e1lky a \u00faplatk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.\u00a0M\u00edrov\u00fd, multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d je jedin\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm \u2013 a jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b USA\/NATO\/EU, kdo je proti takov\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je t\u0159eba se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s nep\u0159edstaviteln\u011b krutou prac\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00fdch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch mocnost\u00ed – p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Brit\u016f, Francouz\u016f, Belgi\u010dan\u016f a severoamerick\u00fdch obchodn\u00edk\u016f s otroky, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 obnovit spravedliv\u00fd obchod prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ohledupln\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed.\u00a0\u010casy, kdy bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pod z\u00e1minkou \u201edemokracie, svobody a lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\u201c napadnout nebo vydrancovat zem\u011b s pomoc\u00ed dikt\u00e1tor\u016f, jsou jednou prov\u017edy pry\u010d.\u00a0Dokonce i imigra\u010dn\u00ed politika zalo\u017een\u00e1 na takzvan\u00e9m \u201eodlivu mozk\u016f\u201c (v ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u011bm\u010din\u011b: \u201ekvalifikovan\u00e1 imigrace\u201c) m\u011bla neokolonialistick\u00e9 rysy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V Nigeru Z\u00e1pad p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem na obnoven\u00ed demokracie proti pu\u010dist\u016fm.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti jde o uran, zlato a ropu za sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ceny a udr\u017een\u00ed postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed hegemonie!<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1soby uranu ve francouzsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch by mohly prasknout: Za posledn\u00edch 10 let Francie dovezla 27 % sv\u00fdch pot\u0159eb z Kazachst\u00e1nu, 20 % z Nigeru, 19 % z Uzbekist\u00e1nu…<\/span><\/p>\n

Co znamenaj\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 pom\u011bry pro \u0160v\u00fdcarsko?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit, co by to mohlo znamenat pro bezpe\u010dnost dod\u00e1vek elekt\u0159iny v zim\u011b a pro provoz tepeln\u00fdch \u010derpadel a\u00a0<\/span>elektromobil\u016f<\/span>\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se k t\u00e9to situaci postav\u00ed na\u0161i zdrcen\u00ed politici, se teprve uvid\u00ed: Podpo\u0159\u00ed svobodu Afri\u010dan\u016f, nebo se znovu zavd\u011b\u010d\u00ed NATO\/EU t\u00edm, \u017ee upust\u00ed od sv\u00e9 neutrality, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Ukrajiny?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee se \u0160v\u00fdcarsko vzdalo neutrality, se p\u0159ipravilo o mo\u017enost p\u016fsobit jako d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd prost\u0159edn\u00edk v konfliktech.\u00a0Nab\u00edz\u00ed se ot\u00e1zka: Ud\u011blali to na\u0161i politici bezmy\u0161lenkovit\u011b, z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b nebo se c\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt vyd\u00edr\u00e1ni?<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuto ot\u00e1zku jsme polo\u017eili Jacquesu Baudovi osobn\u011b:<\/span><\/p>\n

„Co se to dostalo do politik\u016f EU a \u0160v\u00fdcarska v souvislosti s ni\u010divou politikou ve v\u00e1lce NATO proti Rusku?“\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Odpov\u011b\u010f Jacquese Bauda zn\u011bla, \u017ee jde o sm\u011bs prvopl\u00e1novosti a p\u0159ehnan\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f, ozdoben\u00e9 vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 hr\u00e1lo hlavn\u00ed roli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pat\u0159\u00ed sem tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zka, kdo ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 UBS?\u00a0Jsou to atlantick\u00e9 kruhy a zp\u016fsobilo spojen\u00ed CS a UBS snad \u0160v\u00fdcarsko zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Snahou USA je zru\u0161it neutralitu jako politickou mo\u017enost jako takovou.\u00a0Po vstupu Finska do NATO \u2013 un\u00e1hlen\u00fd krok \u2013 a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m vstupu \u0160v\u00e9dska, Rakouska a \u0160v\u00fdcarska bude je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlak.\u00a0Kde je \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da s p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by takov\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji br\u00e1nila?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale zp\u011bt k Nigeru a mo\u017en\u00e1 nakonec rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edmu d\u016fvodu vojensk\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu proti zemi ze strany ECOWAS\/Nig\u00e9rie a zem\u00ed EU: Je to plynovod, kter\u00fd vede z Nig\u00e9rie \u2013 p\u0159es Niger \u2013 do Evropy?<\/span><\/p>\n

EU je z\u00e1sobov\u00e1na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 % sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby plynu z Afriky.\u00a0To se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00fdzvou pro NATO, jeho\u017e deklarovan\u00fdm c\u00edlem je zabezpe\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed imperialistick\u00e9ho bloku pomoc\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch metod.\u00a0Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee jsou st\u00e1le zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bni hled\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1stupn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu pro \u201eoperaci\u201c(22): NATO pot\u0159ebuje v\u00e1lku a hled\u00e1 z\u00e1stupce, tentokr\u00e1t v Africe a ne na Ukrajin\u011b.\u00a0Bez ohledu na to, co to stoj\u00ed: dal\u0161\u00ed statis\u00edce mrtv\u00fdch, miliony uprchl\u00edk\u016f?\u00a0Obr\u00e1zek, kter\u00fd u\u017e bohu\u017eel zn\u00e1me!<\/span><\/p>\n

Burkina Faso a Mali prohl\u00e1sily, \u017ee vojensk\u00e1 intervence osy USA-Francie-Brit\u00e1nie-ECOWAS v Nigeru bude\u00a0<\/span>\u201evyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm v\u00e1lky\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jejich st\u00e1t\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna a Rusko nejen ut\u011b\u0161uj\u00ed africk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdmi slovy, ale tak\u00e9 buduj\u00ed mnohovrstevnou infrastrukturu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm praktick\u00fdch akc\u00ed.\u00a0Na rozd\u00edl od Francie s jej\u00edm CFA frankem jako n\u00e1tlakov\u00fdm prvkem nab\u00edzej\u00ed zem\u011b BRICS zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 alternativy k franku a dolaru.\u00a0Mnoho Afri\u010dan\u016f jist\u011b velmi pozorn\u011b sledovalo 15. summit BRICS (23. \u2013 25. srpna 2023) skupiny zem\u00ed Braz\u00edlie, Ruska, Indie, \u010c\u00edny a Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky v Johannesburgu.\u00a0Konal se v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9matu\u00a0<\/span>\u201eBRICS a Afrika: Partnerstv\u00ed pro vz\u00e1jemn\u011b zrychlen\u00fd r\u016fst, udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj a inkluzivn\u00ed multilateralismus\u201c<\/span><\/em>se odehr\u00e1lo a posunulo sv\u011bt velmi odli\u0161n\u011b v z\u00e1vislosti na t\u00e1bo\u0159e.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco z\u00e1padn\u00ed z\u00e1stupci pozv\u00e1ni nebyli, Latinsk\u00e1 Amerika a Afrika m\u011bly siln\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed.\u00a0Na programu byl multilateralismus a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f.\u00a0Existoval \u0161irok\u00fd z\u00e1jem o z\u00e1m\u011br dedolarizovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.(23)<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd ned\u00e1vno publikovan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek \u201eSpiegel\u201c o podobn\u00fdch nepokoj\u00edch v Senegalu:\u00a0<\/span>\u201ePro\u010d?\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0je ot\u00e1zka polo\u017eena pr\u00e1zdn\u011b, jako by se Evropan\u00e9 n\u011bkdy k Afri\u010dan\u016fm chovali spr\u00e1vn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Klam\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva m\u00e9dii atlantick\u00e9ho kartelu nab\u00fdv\u00e1 st\u00e1le drasti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podob:\u00a0<\/span>\u201ePro\u010d jedin\u011b?\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0je jako drz\u00e1 manipulace s c\u00edlem demagogicky sv\u00e9st obyvatelstvo, kter\u00e9 by m\u011blo z\u016fstat pasivn\u00ed a u\u017e nemyslet samostatn\u011b.\u00a0Do toho zapad\u00e1 i nucen\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>\u201eministrem zdravotnictv\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Lauterbachem: Masov\u011b ukamenovan\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 jsou mnohem snadn\u011bji manipulovateln\u00ed!<\/span><\/p>\n

Novin\u00e1\u0159 Scholl-Latour tento druh \u010dinnosti v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b shrnul:
\n<\/strong>
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

***<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

O autorech:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Wolfgang Effenberger,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0narozen\u00fd v roce 1946, z\u00edskal hlub\u0161\u00ed vhled do \u201ejadern\u00e9ho boji\u0161t\u011b\u201c v Evrop\u011b p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9ho USA jako pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd kapit\u00e1n v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch.\u00a0Po dvan\u00e1cti letech slu\u017eby vystudoval politologii a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed (stavebn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed\/matematika) v Mnichov\u011b a do roku 2000 vyu\u010doval na Technick\u00e9 \u0161kole stavebn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Effenberger publikuje o sou\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 historii a geopolitice USA.<\/span>
\nNaposledy publikoval Wolfgang Effenberger:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u010cern\u00e1 kniha EU a NATO\u201c (2020)<\/span><\/a>
\n\u201ePodce\u0148ovan\u00e1 s\u00edla\u201c (2022)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Paul Robert Vogt:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Paul Vogt, narozen v roce 1957, je \u0160v\u00fdcar, profesor a doktor medic\u00edny a kardiochirurg.\u00a0Ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 23 let p\u016fsob\u00ed v Asii a Africe se svou nadac\u00ed \u201eEurAsia Heart Foundation\u201c a \u00fazce spolupracuje s m\u00edstn\u00edmi politick\u00fdmi \u010diniteli a podnikateli.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Literatura:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1)\u00a0<\/span>indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/ecowas-west-africa-niger-coup-explained-8882492\/<\/span><\/a>
\n2)\u00a0<\/span>www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2018\/01\/27\/ francophone-africas-cfa-franc-is-under-fire<\/span><\/a>
\n3)\u00a0<\/span>data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD?locations=CI-NE<\/span><\/a>
\n4)https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/ Topics\/Laender-Regions\/Internationales\/Thema\/Tables\/Basic Table_BIPproHead.html<\/span>
\n5)\u00a0<\/span>www.berliner-zeitung.de\/wirtschaft-verponsung\/martin-sonneborn-globaler-sueden-will-nicht-mehr-vom-westen-ausgepluendert baren -li.375484<\/span><\/em><\/a>
\n6)https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/wirtschaft-verkunftung\/martin-sonneborn-globaler-sueden-will-nicht-mehr-vom-westen-ausgepluendert- Werden-li.375484<\/span>
\n7) Tamt\u00e9\u017e .<\/span>
\n8.)<\/span>taz.de\/Rede-des-EU-Aussenanwalten\/!5885453\/<\/span><\/a>
\n9)\u00a0<\/span>taz.de\/Rede-des-EU-Aussenanwalten\/!5885453\/<\/span><\/a>
\n10)https:\/\/www.bmz.de\/de\/laender\/niger\/ social-situation-16962<\/span>
\n11)MMF \/ WEO \/ IFS citov\u00e1no z\u00a0<\/span>wko.at\/statistics\/laenderprofile\/lp-niger.pdf<\/span><\/a>
\n12)https:\/\/weltwoche.ch\/daily\/aufstand-in-niger-warum-die-buerger -ve st\u00e1tech z\u00e1padn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Afriky nikoli francouzsk\u00e1 trikol\u00f3ra nebo kobaltov\u011b modr\u00fd evropsk\u00fd prapor, ale vlajka Ruska\/ 13)https:\/\/ www<\/span>
\n.gmx.net\/magazine\/politik\/us-politik\/diplomatie-intervention-gipfel -tagt-niger-kritik-38512112<\/span>
\n14)https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/newsroom\/regierungspressekonzept\/2611448<\/span>
\n15)Tamt\u00e9\u017e.<\/span>
\n16)https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/zustimm?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fnews%2F2023-08%2F09%2Fdiplomatie-oder-intervention-gipfel-tagt-zu-niger- krize<\/span>
\n17)http:\/\/www.defenddemocracy.press\/victoria-nuland-meets-with-niger-junta-leaders\/<\/span>
\n18)https:\/\/www.anti-spiegel.ru\/2023\/was-ueber-die-entwicklungen -in-und-um-niger-known-ist\/<\/span>
\n19) https:\/\/www.kommunisten.de\/rubriken\/internationales\/8884-niger-besser-die-russen<\/span>
\n20)\u00a0<\/span>dejure.org\/gesetze\/EU\/42. html<\/span><\/a>
\n<\/em>21)\u00a0<\/span>www.bundestag.de\/resource\/blob\/412712\/2ee009402409ca97f060fb855bbce2d0\/WD\u20112\u2013055-12-pdf-data.pdf<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u201eRole NATO v oblasti energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, listopad\u201c, internetov\u00fd port\u00e1l NATO 17, 2011 , URL:\u00a0<\/span>www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/SID-D31B42F0-77245C82\/natolive\/topics_49208.htm?selectedLocale=en<\/span><\/a>
\n22). europabanner-sondern-die-flagge-russlands-bei-sich-tr\u00e4ger\/<\/span>
\n23)https:\/\/ Amerika21.de\/2023\/08\/265522\/brics-gipfel-johannesburg-bewegt-welt<\/span><\/p>\n

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Niger, zem\u011b s 26 miliony obyvatel, byl do 26. \u010dervence 2023 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm spojencem Z\u00e1padu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33211,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,274,130,39,5557,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35988"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35988"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35988\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}