{"id":35696,"date":"2023-09-07T04:04:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-07T02:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=35696"},"modified":"2023-09-07T04:04:05","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T02:04:05","slug":"dekolonizace-jmena-co-znamena-bharat-a-zmizi-indie-z-map-sveta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/09\/07\/dekolonizace-jmena-co-znamena-bharat-a-zmizi-indie-z-map-sveta\/","title":{"rendered":"Dekolonizace jm\u00e9na: Co znamen\u00e1 ‚Bharat‘ a zmiz\u00ed ‚Indie‘ z map sv\u011bta?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V pr\u016fb\u011bhu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed m\u011bla Indie r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy v n\u011bkolika jazyc\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b per\u0161tiny, \u0159e\u010dtiny, ture\u010dtiny, \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny, japon\u0161tiny a korej\u0161tiny.\u00a0Ano a tak\u00e9 v angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201eMera Bharat Mahan [moje skv\u011bl\u00e1 Indie],\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0sd\u00edlel<\/span><\/a>\u00a0legend\u00e1rn\u00ed idol matin\u00e9 Amitabh Bachchan na X.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eTeam India nahi, Team Bharat [ne Team India, je to Team Bharat],<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c\u00a0<\/span>napsal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fd hr\u00e1\u010d kriketu Virendra Sehwag, kter\u00fd se prohla\u0161uje za \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Proud Bharatiya.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/em>To byly jedny z m\u00e1la tlumen\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mek, kter\u00e9 zazn\u011bly pot\u00e9, co vl\u00e1dn\u00ed komunik\u00e9 v \u00fater\u00fd vyvolaly f\u00e1my, \u017ee Indie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1na na Bharat, co\u017e vedlo k ohniv\u00fdm debat\u00e1m pro a proti takov\u00e9mu p\u0159ek\u0159t\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010dalo to pozv\u00e1n\u00edm na ve\u010de\u0159i G20 s hlavi\u010dkov\u00fdm pap\u00edrem s n\u00e1pisem\u00a0<\/span>\u201ePrezident Bharatu\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(summit skupiny G20 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v Dill\u00ed za n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed).\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00ed odkazoval na premi\u00e9ra Narendru Modiho jako na\u00a0<\/span>\u201ep\u0159edsedu vl\u00e1dy Bharatu.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>V n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m pozdvi\u017een\u00ed odborn\u00edci rychle upozornili na \u010dl\u00e1nek 1 indick\u00e9 \u00fastavy, kter\u00fd zn\u00ed: \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Indie, tedy Bharat, bude Uni\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>To, jak tvrd\u00ed, odstra\u0148uje pot\u0159ebu jak\u00e9koli zm\u011bny n\u00e1zvu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia jsou v\u0161ak bzu\u010d\u00edc\u00ed t\u00edm, jak je\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0v\u00fdsledkem koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed kocoviny (p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee zakladatel P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu Mohammad Ali Jinnah proti tomu m\u011bl\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1mitky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, m\u00edsto toho d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ednost n\u00e1zvu\u00a0<\/span>\u201eHindustan\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0) a jak si\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehinduistick\u00fd\u201c<\/span><\/em> n\u00e1rod zaslou\u017e\u00ed\u00a0 identitu bl\u00ed\u017ee sv\u00fdm ko\u0159en\u016fm.\u00a0RT tedy odkr\u00fdv\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u016fvod\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a jej\u00ed etymologickou a lingvistickou historii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Indie a Bharat<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

P\u0159i online vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201ejm\u00e9na Indie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0se krom\u011b mnoha v\u011bc\u00ed objev\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky s n\u00e1zvem\u00a0<\/span>\u201e5 jmen Indie\u201c, \u201e9 jmen Indie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a jeden, kter\u00fd dokonce \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201e\u00a0<\/span>15 jmen Indie\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Zat\u00edmco\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0ne\u010delila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b krom\u011b\u00a0<\/span>soudn\u00edch spor\u016f ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zde a tamn\u00edho\u00a0<\/span>stranick\u00e9ho manifestu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, debata sah\u00e1 a\u017e do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1949, kdy \u00fastavod\u00e1rn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed sestavovalo \u00fastavu.\u00a0Kdy\u017e byl \u010dl\u00e1nek 1 p\u0159e\u010dten jako \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Indie, to je Bharat\u2026<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c, byly u\u010din\u011bny r\u016fzn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy, v\u010detn\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201eBharatvarsha\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201e\u00a0<\/span>Bharat nebo v angli\u010dtin\u011b Indie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a<\/span>„Bharat, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Indie tak\u00e9 v ciz\u00edch zem\u00edch (sic).“\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eD\u016fvodem, pro\u010d m\u00e1me tolik t\u011bchto r\u016fzn\u00fdch jmen, je to, \u017ee je daly r\u016fzn\u00e9 kultury,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 odborn\u00fd asistent Kanad Sinha z Kolkata Sanskrit College and University.\u00a0<\/span>„Tak\u00e9 pevnina, kterou nyn\u00ed zn\u00e1me jako Indii, byla vytvo\u0159ena v roce 1947. P\u0159edt\u00edm existovala p\u0159edstava o spole\u010dn\u00e9m v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e byl indick\u00fd nacionalismus na vzestupu, p\u0159ijaly politick\u00e9 organizace n\u00e1zev\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndie\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jako Indick\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kongres, zalo\u017een\u00fd v roce 1885. Dokonce i kr\u00e1lovna Viktorie p\u0159ijala titul\u00a0<\/span>\u201ec\u00edsa\u0159ovna Indie\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Ale podobn\u011b\u00a0byl lidem zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>\u201eBharat\u201c .\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Bharat Sabha, nap\u0159\u00edklad, byl p\u0159edch\u016fdce kongresu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee oba term\u00edny byly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u016fzn\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed Indie neozna\u010duj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed politicky sjednocen\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed, ale pouze geografickou oblast ohrani\u010denou Himal\u00e1jemi na severu, oce\u00e1nem na jihu a plynulou v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed hranic\u00ed.\u00a0P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed povaha\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku: jak ji naz\u00fdvali sami obyvatel\u00e9 tohoto regionu?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161ich velmi mnoho jmen<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Meluha<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jedno z nejstar\u0161\u00edch jmen, kter\u00e9 vzniklo v dob\u011b harappsk\u00e9 civilizace.\u00a0Mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Meluha je to, co ji nazvali jin\u00ed, nikoli samotn\u00ed Harappan\u00e9, proto\u017ee jejich p\u00edsmo nebylo rozlu\u0161t\u011bno.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jambudvipa nebo Jambudweep byl pou\u017eit v n\u00e1pisech Ashokan, stejn\u011b jako ran\u00e9 buddhistick\u00e9 texty a pozd\u011bji pur\u00e1nsk\u00e9 texty.\u00a0\u201e\u00a0<\/span>A\u0161\u00f3ka pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b znal cel\u00fd subkontinent jako D\u017eambudweep \u2013 jeho vlastn\u00ed politick\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed a tak\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed oblasti za n\u00edm byly pod dynasti\u00ed Cholas\u016f, Pand, Satyaputr\u016f a Keralaput\u016f,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sinha<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Detail pil\u00ed\u0159e Ashokan, Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, Indie.\u00a0Pil\u00ed\u0159e Ashoky jsou s\u00e9rie monolitick\u00fdch sloup\u016f rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch po cel\u00e9 Indii, P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu a Nep\u00e1lu a datovan\u00e9 do doby vl\u00e1dy Ashoky Velik\u00e9ho (cca 268 a\u017e 232 p\u0159. n. l.) \u00a9 Shalini Saran\/IndiaPictures\/Universal Images Group prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Getty Images<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Sta\u0159\u00ed \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9, Korejci a Japonci naz\u00fdvali subkontinent\u00a0<\/span>Tianzhu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Cheonchuk a Tenjiku (slova voln\u011b p\u0159elo\u017eena jako nebe).\u00a0Starov\u011bk\u00e9 texty tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed Indii jako Nabhivarsha, proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee Nabhi byl synem mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd kdysi vl\u00e1dl planet\u011b.\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011brem je, \u017ee v sanskrtu je\u00a0<\/span>\u201enabhi\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0pupek a Indie se na map\u011b zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt st\u0159edem Zem\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aryavarta a Dravida byly n\u00e1zvy oblast\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00fdch \u0159ekou Narmada.\u00a0B\u00fdval\u00e1 severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed polovina nach\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u00ednku ve starov\u011bk\u00fdch textech \u201eManu Smirti\u201c a \u201eHindu Puranas\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ajnabhavarsh m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny ve v\u00e9dsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o stvo\u0159en\u00ed.\u00a0Bharatkhand je zm\u00edn\u011bn v n\u011bkolika starov\u011bk\u00fdch indick\u00fdch textech.\u00a0Himvarsh odkazuje na him\u00e1lajskou oblast.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePuranas\u201c (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v polovin\u011b prvn\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu) vn\u00edmali sv\u011bt jako sedm kontinent\u016f (ne sedm geografick\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zn\u00e1me dnes), rozprost\u0159en\u00fdch jako soust\u0159edn\u00e9 kruhy.\u00a0D\u017eambudv\u00edp byl centr\u00e1ln\u00ed kontinent (v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e modern\u00ed Indie) rozd\u011blen\u00fd do sedmi \u201avar\u0161\u016f\u2018, z nich\u017e jeden byl \u201aBharatvarsha\u2018.\u00a0Puranic koncept Bharatvarsha je podobn\u00fd dne\u0161n\u00edmu \u00fazem\u00ed, jak je pops\u00e1no ve Vishnu Purana (cca 4. stolet\u00ed CE).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158eka Sindhu: Ko\u0159en hinduismu a Indie<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Slova Hind, Hind a Indie maj\u00ed zem\u011bpisnou povahu a poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z \u0159eky Sindhu nebo Indus, co\u017e je orienta\u010dn\u00ed bod, s n\u00edm\u017e se invazn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy poprv\u00e9 setkaly.\u00a0Jeden z prvn\u00edch odkaz\u016f, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sinha, je od persk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Dareia, kter\u00fd dobyl \u010d\u00e1sti severoz\u00e1padu subkontinentu v roce 518 p\u0159.nl.\u00a0Ze soch jeho voj\u00e1k\u016f dost\u00e1v\u00e1me term\u00edny\u00a0<\/span>\u201eHiduov\u00e9\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201eHinduist\u00e9\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0kter\u00e9 byly odvozeny ze sanskrtsk\u00e9ho Sindhu.\u00a0To se v per\u0161tin\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehinduistick\u00fdm\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndus\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0v \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Darius I. (550 \u2013 486 p\u0159. n. l.) byl \u010dtvrt\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem kr\u00e1l\u016f Achajmenovsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.\u00a0Darius dr\u017eel \u0159\u00ed\u0161i na jej\u00edm vrcholu, pak v\u010detn\u011b Egypta, Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1nu, Kurdist\u00e1nu a \u010d\u00e1sti \u0158ecka \u00a9 Obr\u00e1zky z historie\/Universal Images Group prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Getty Images<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0158ekov\u00e9 znali subkontinent pouze od Per\u0161an\u016f a p\u0159\u00edmo se s n\u00edm nesetkali.\u00a0\u0158eck\u00fd historik H\u00e9rodotos p\u0159ijal do sv\u00e9 literatury\u00a0per\u0161anskou\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehinduku\u201c .\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Bylo to v roce 326 p\u0159. n. l., kdy se \u0158ekov\u00e9 dostali do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kontaktu, kdy\u017e Alexandr napadl Perskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a p\u0159esunul se na v\u00fdchod.\u00a0Oblast byla helenizov\u00e1na jako\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndos\u201c, \u201eIndoy\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0nebo\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0z persk\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>\u201eHind\u016f\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0co\u017e ozna\u010dovalo \u00fazem\u00ed za \u00fadol\u00edm Indu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ke jm\u00e9n\u016fm \u00fazem\u00ed byla p\u0159id\u00e1na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpona\u00a0<\/span>\u201eya\u201c ;\u00a0<\/span><\/em>tak\u017ee stejn\u011b jako Rusko a Srbsko vznikla Indie.\u00a0Per\u0161an\u00e9 preferovali\u00a0<\/span>\u201e-stan\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jako Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n a Uzbekist\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eHindustan\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndie\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jsou tedy \u201e\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b stejn\u00e1 slova,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Sinha.<\/span><\/p>\n

Persk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehinduismus\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0se d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo do lidov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di po mughalsk\u00e9 invazi do Indie v roce 1526 (c\u00edsa\u0159 Babur nazval s\u00edly Ibrahima Lodhiho\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehindustanci\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0v\u00a0<\/span>Babarnam\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0<\/span>\u201eHind\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201eHind\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0cestovali do \u0158ecka a stali se\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndus\u201c, \u201eInde\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a nakonec\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndie\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Ty se postupn\u011b dostaly do latiny a dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f v\u010detn\u011b angli\u010dtiny.\u00a0Arab\u0161tina a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 jazyky, jako je urd\u0161tina, si v\u0161ak ponechaly \u201e\u00a0<\/span>H<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e Turci a Mughalov\u00e9 nad\u00e1le znali\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIndii\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jako\u00a0<\/span>\u201eHindustan\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u011b nem\u011blo\u00a0slovo\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehindu\u201c \u017e\u00e1dnou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou souvislost.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>A\u017e pozd\u011bji to p\u0159evzali Evropan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed za\u010dali ozna\u010dovat p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatele zem\u011b jako\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehindu\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Slo\u017eit\u00e1 historie Bharatu<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u201eBharat\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0m\u00e1 mnohem star\u0161\u00ed p\u016fvod v Rigv\u00e9d\u011b, nejstar\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00e9m indick\u00e9m textu, kter\u00fd \u00fadajn\u011b vznikl kolem roku 1420 p\u0159. n. l., kdy se do oblasti st\u011bhovaly ko\u010dovn\u00e9 kmeny.\u00a0Bharatov\u00e9 byli z t\u011bchto kmen\u016f nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eBharata\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0byl tedy pou\u017eit v odkazu na nadvl\u00e1du potomk\u016f Bh\u0101raty, kter\u00fd byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za prvn\u00edho univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho vl\u00e1dce a nejv\u00fdzna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho z ran\u00fdch v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch klan\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u00a0<\/span>Tyto kmeny neboli janas zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nem\u011bly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 osady, ale v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00e9dsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed mezi 1000 a\u017e 600 p\u0159. n. l. se p\u0159est\u011bhovaly na v\u00fdchod, p\u0159ijaly zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jako svou profesi a za\u010daly se usazovat v oblastech, kter\u00e9 se staly zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi jako janapadas,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sinha<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0Bharatov\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>se tak\u00e9 spojili s kmenem Puru, aby se stali Kuruovci;\u00a0jejich janapada se jmenoval Kurukshetra.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Tyto klany se staly kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdmi dynastiemi a jejich jm\u00e9na se zm\u011bnila ve jm\u00e9na kr\u00e1l\u016f.\u00a0\u201e\u00a0<\/span>Tak se zrodili m\u00fdti\u010dt\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Bharata, Kuru a Puru… A proto je epos, kter\u00fd popisuje ud\u00e1losti kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Kuru-Panchala, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Mahabharata,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Sinha, jeho\u017e \u201eOd Dasarajny po Kurukshetru\u201c je odborn\u00e1 expozice o vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed staroindick\u00e9 historick\u00e9 tradice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se puranick\u00e9 rodokmeny roz\u0161i\u0159ovaly, nakonec se tvrdilo, \u017ee v\u0161ichni indi\u010dt\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 byli sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bni s t\u00edmto m\u00fdtick\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem Bharatou.\u00a0A tak vznikla my\u0161lenka Bharatavarsha.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dualismus Indie a Bh\u00e1ratu<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

V debat\u011b Indie versus Bharat se konzervativci domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee ten druh\u00fd se hrd\u011b p\u0159ipojuje k na\u0161emu domorod\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu, kter\u00e9mu se ten prvn\u00ed vyh\u00fdb\u00e1.\u00a0Jeho popularita byla d\u00e1le zaji\u0161t\u011bna b\u011bhem boje za svobodu v heslech jako \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Bharat Mata ki Jai\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(\u201e\u00a0<\/span>V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed pro matku Indii\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0).\u00a0Indie je naopak vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako pojem ciz\u00edho p\u016fvodu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Premi\u00e9r Narendra Modi kontroluje \u010destnou str\u00e1\u017e b\u011bhem 77. oslavy Dne nez\u00e1vislosti v historick\u00e9 \u010cerven\u00e9 pevnosti, 15. srpna 2023 v New Delhi, Indie \u00a9 Sonu Mehta\/Hindustan Times prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Getty Images<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ne na rozd\u00edl od toho, jak obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bsta c\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Bombaj je m\u011bsto, Bombaj je sentiment\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0podobn\u00e1 diferenciace existuje mezi Indi\u00ed a Bh\u00e1ratem.\u00a0T\u00e9ma \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 se konalo v Dill\u00ed v prosinci 2022, m\u011blo nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00e9ma \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Kde se Bharat setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s Indi\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/em>\u00a0\u201c, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee tyto dva subjekty jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako samostatn\u00e9 entity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u00dastava p\u0159ijala \u201aIndie, to je Bharat\u2026\u2018, proto\u017ee se zav\u00e1zala k t\u00e9to pluralitn\u00ed my\u0161lence Indie, \u017ee je to zem\u011b mnoha kultur, jazyk\u016f a historie,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sinha<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0“\u00a0<\/span>Tato r\u016fzn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na nesou v\u00e1hu multikulturn\u00ed historie indick\u00e9ho subkontinentu.“\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e1le rozv\u00e1d\u00ed:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eKdy\u017e se pokus\u00edme p\u0159ipojit pouze jedno jm\u00e9no, takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 zn\u00ed podobn\u011b jako jeho odkaz pouze v n\u011bkolika rodn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed to vnucen\u00ed jedn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed identity a vym\u00fdcen\u00ed v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch.\u00a0Ka\u017edou chv\u00edli se objevuj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy ke zm\u011bn\u011b n\u00e1zvu, proto\u017ee mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma my\u0161lenkami doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke st\u0159etu \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e budeme pokra\u010dovat v na\u0161\u00ed multikulturn\u00ed, pluralitn\u00ed identit\u011b, nebo z n\u00ed chceme ud\u011blat pouze monokulturn\u00ed, monolitickou komunitu.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Shraddha\u00a0<\/span>Chowdhury<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 novin\u00e1\u0159ka a redaktorka z Bombaje<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V pr\u016fb\u011bhu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed m\u011bla Indie r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy v n\u011bkolika jazyc\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b per\u0161tiny, \u0159e\u010dtiny, ture\u010dtiny, \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":35697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[398,79,5845],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35696"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35696"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35696\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}