{"id":35665,"date":"2023-09-07T01:01:56","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T23:01:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=35665"},"modified":"2023-09-06T18:35:58","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T16:35:58","slug":"zbynek-fiala-jak-z-toho-ven","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/09\/07\/zbynek-fiala-jak-z-toho-ven\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Jak z toho ven?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Star\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1s o\u017eebra\u010duj\u00ed, p\u0159es bal\u00ed\u010dky, p\u0159es rozpo\u010det, p\u0159es monopoln\u00ed a z\u00e1vislou ekonomiku, kter\u00e1 se l\u00edb\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edm firm\u00e1m a na\u0161\u00ed stovce nejbohat\u0161\u00edch. Zkusme se zamyslet nad mo\u017enostmi zm\u011bny.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco premi\u00e9r Petr Fiala sr\u0161\u00ed na konferenc\u00edch vizemi, li\u0161\u00edc\u00edmi se od t\u011bch letit\u00fdch t\u00edm, \u017ee to slibuje te\u010f, ve sn\u011bmovn\u011b se projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 ozdravn\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek, po kter\u00e9m se z dal\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed stanou nebo\u017e\u00e1ci. A n\u00e1sledovat bude projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu, kter\u00fd orve v\u0161echny, aby bylo na rozhazov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00e1kupu st\u00edha\u010dek, plynovod\u016f, jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren a dal\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch hobby.<\/p>\n

Jako lehk\u00e9 po\u0161imr\u00e1n\u00ed do toho p\u0159ist\u00e1la zpr\u00e1va \u010cesk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu, \u017ee pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba d\u00e1le kles\u00e1 a stejn\u00fdm tempem klesaj\u00ed i zak\u00e1zky. Nen\u00ed to o moc, v\u00fdroba o 2,8 procenta a zak\u00e1zky o 3,0 procenta, ale probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee to jde dol\u016f a m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed tam furt. Uveden\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e se budeme odm\u00edtat p\u0159izp\u016fsobit a budeme cht\u00edt pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0energeticky a materi\u00e1lov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch oborech, kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc nem\u00e1me pod kontrolou, pes po n\u00e1s ne\u0161t\u011bkne.<\/p>\n

\u201ePokles zak\u00e1zek pokra\u010doval v\u00a0chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a v\u00fdrob\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kov\u016f, hutnictv\u00ed a sl\u00e9v\u00e1renstv\u00ed. Hodnota nov\u00fdch zak\u00e1zek vzrostla pouze ve v\u00fdrob\u011b motorov\u00fdch vozidel (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vlivem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed z\u00e1kladny), ostatn\u00edch dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f (d\u00edky uzav\u0159en\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch zak\u00e1zek ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed na m\u011bstsk\u00e1 kolejov\u00e1 vozidla) a m\u00edrn\u011b tak\u00e9 ve v\u00fdrob\u011b elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ve farmaceutick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0up\u0159es\u0148uje zpr\u00e1va \u010cS\u00da.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0t\u00edmhle ozdravn\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek nic neud\u011bl\u00e1. Pokles zak\u00e1zek znamen\u00e1 pokles p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, a to nejen v\u00fdrobc\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, spot\u0159eby, DPH. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpadek p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zadlu\u017een\u00ed. Tahle sekera tak\u00e9 zat\u00edn\u00e1 do krve. Dokonce i nejlep\u0161\u00ed ministr financ\u00ed vesm\u00edru Miroslav Kalousek upozor\u0148uje na dramatick\u00fd r\u016fst n\u00e1klad\u016f obsluhy st\u00e1tn\u00edho dluhu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 letos dos\u00e1hnout 95 miliard korun (to jsem ani netu\u0161il!). Cifra, kter\u00e1 nasko\u010d\u00ed, je stejn\u00e1 jako to, co te\u010f chce vl\u00e1da vy\u017ed\u00edmat z\u00a0bezmocn\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jak jsme se do t\u00e9 situace dostali?<\/p>\n

Ekonomika generuje ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed deficit kolem 250 miliard korun dokonce i kdy\u017e roste, upozornila na konci\u00a0\u010dervence ekonomka Ilona \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e1 v Rozst\u0159elu na iDnes. A vypo\u010d\u00edtala, jak p\u0159edchoz\u00ed vl\u00e1dy i strany dne\u0161n\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed koalice systematicky sni\u017eovaly da\u0148ov\u00e9 inkaso bez ohledu na budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj. Za Babi\u0161e to bylo zru\u0161en\u00ed superhrub\u00e9 mzdy, kter\u00e1 nebyl kompenzov\u00e1na da\u0148ovou progres\u00ed naho\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Nebo kdy\u017e se b\u011bhem pandemie zru\u0161ila da\u0148 z\u00a0nabyt\u00ed nemovitosti.\u00a0\u201eCo m\u00e1 tato da\u0148 co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s covidem?\u201c<\/em>, pt\u00e1 se \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e1 a po\u017eaduje anal\u00fdzu, jak to prosp\u011blo bytov\u00e9 v\u00fdstavb\u011b a dostupnosti bydlen\u00ed. Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee z\u00a0rozpo\u010dtu zmizelo 20 miliard korun. Dal\u0161\u00ed nesmysly \u2013 stravenkov\u00fd pau\u0161\u00e1l, ten po\u0161kodil rozpo\u010det i hospody. Nebo se zavedly zp\u011btn\u00e9 vratky dan\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ale Fialova vl\u00e1da v\u00a0tom podle \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e9 pokra\u010duje.\u00a0\u201eV\u017edy\u0165 i nad\u00e1le oslabuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmovou stranu. V\u00e1\u017en\u011b m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdo \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee zru\u0161en\u00ed EET nebude m\u00edt rozpo\u010dtov\u00fd dopad? To se asi vyskytuje v n\u011bjak\u00e9m jin\u00e9m vesm\u00edru. A t\u0159e\u0161ni\u010dkou na dortu je ru\u0161en\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f. Od ministra financ\u00ed bych naopak \u010dekala zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru dan\u00ed, jestli\u017ee se da\u0148ov\u00e9 inkaso nevyv\u00edj\u00ed dob\u0159e. A to se tedy opravdu nevyv\u00edj\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fd je odliv zisk\u016f z\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 ekonomiky, kter\u00fd je od roku 2008 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e reinvestice, upozor\u0148uje d\u00e1le \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e1. D\u011blaj\u00ed to nap\u0159\u00edklad velk\u00e9 banky, nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed korporace \u010di obchodn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce. \u201eUd\u011blat proti tomu m\u016f\u017eete to, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e tyto korporace podpo\u0159\u00edte \u010desk\u00e9 firmy, zmen\u0161\u00edte vliv t\u011bchto nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed v \u010desk\u00e9 ekonomice. Ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, aby se zvy\u0161ovaly mzdy v na\u0161\u00ed ekonomice. Kdy\u017e se budou zvy\u0161ovat mzdy, bude to pro n\u011b znamenat men\u0161\u00ed prostor pro odliv zisk\u016f,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0soud\u00ed ekonomka a div\u00ed se, \u017ee \u0159ada politik\u016f bere jako n\u011bco norm\u00e1ln\u00edho a zdrav\u00e9ho, \u017ee jsme levn\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investory.<\/p>\n

\u201eA potom je tu dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0m\u00edn\u00ed \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e1.\u00a0\u201eSkr\u00fdv\u00e1 se v \u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 se o n\u011bm nehovo\u0159\u00ed. Je to ot\u00e1zka zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vnitrofiremn\u00edch cen a zejm\u00e9na vazeb mezi matkou a dcerou. A to je druh\u00fd kan\u00e1l, kdy se vytahuj\u00ed zdroje z \u010desk\u00fdch dce\u0159in\u00fdch firem. D\u011bje se to v neskute\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e. P\u0159\u00edklad: matka \u00fa\u010dtuje dce\u0159i drah\u00e9 n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 v budov\u011b, kterou sama vlastn\u00ed. \u00da\u010dtuje j\u00ed za konzultace, poradenstv\u00ed. V\u0161e se schov\u00e1 za software, co\u017e je velmi obl\u00edben\u00e1 polo\u017eka.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eA takto doch\u00e1z\u00ed k vytahov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz z \u010desk\u00fdch dce\u0159in\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed do ciziny, odhadem je to v rozsahu 300\u2013500 miliard ro\u010dn\u011b. Tady je skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159eba, aby se do toho velmi intenzivn\u011b obula finan\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va a na tyto v\u011bci se zam\u011b\u0159ila.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0https:\/\/www.idnes.cz\/ekonomika\/domaci\/ilona-svihlikova-rozstrel-odtekaji-miliardy-balicek-rozpocet-zbabelci-eu.A230731_092320_ekonomika_vov<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto t\u011bchto z\u00e1sadn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f se m\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed a noc\u00ed patlat v\u00a0jak\u00e9msi ozdravn\u00e9m bal\u00ed\u010dku. Je snadn\u00e9 nad n\u00edm \u017eertovat, kdy\u017e ho vezmeme jako celek. Den\u00edk Echo24 to nazval \u201ez\u00e1chrannou brzdou pro umolousan\u00fd rozpo\u010det\u201c. Pl\u00e1novan\u00fd schodek 252 miliard korun je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00fd vl\u00e1da avizovala v\u00a0kv\u011btnu, tak\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti se nejedn\u00e1 o \u017e\u00e1dnou konsolidaci st\u00e1tn\u00edch financ\u00ed. A to je je\u0161t\u011b prov\u00e1zen nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm dan\u00ed v\u00a0novodob\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch republiky, jak zd\u016fraz\u0148uje opozice.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/echo24.cz\/a\/HeiUU\/zpravy-domaci-druhe-cteni-konsolidacni-balicek-stanjura-vlada-statni-rozpocet<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00a0detailu je u\u017e v\u0161ak takov\u00e1 ozdravn\u00e1 z\u00e1bava t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le nev\u00edme, o co vlastn\u011b jde v\u00a0jeho kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slo\u017ece, ve kter\u00e9 jde o drastick\u00e9 o\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00edch dotac\u00ed. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 to \u00fanikovou hru, ke kter\u00e9 opozice nedostane kl\u00ed\u010de. Takhle to popsala v\u00a0\u00favodu 74. sch\u016fze sn\u011bmovny, kam byl bal\u00ed\u010dek za\u0159azen, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b poslaneck\u00e9ho klubu ANO Alena Schillerov\u00e1:<\/p>\n

\u201eDen p\u0159ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu m\u011b v\u00a0televizn\u00ed debat\u011b uji\u0161\u0165ovala m\u00edstop\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny pan\u00ed V\u011bra Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, \u017ee se budu velice divit a\u00a0\u017ee budu je\u0161t\u011b nesm\u00edrn\u011b p\u0159ekvapen\u00e1, v\u00a0jak\u00e9m detailu bude \u00fadajn\u00e1 dota\u010dn\u00ed \u00faspora 45,6\u00a0miliardy ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtu zpracov\u00e1na. No, d\u00e1my a\u00a0p\u00e1nov\u00e9, opravdu jsem se ve \u010dtvrtek, tentokr\u00e1t ale skute\u010dn\u011b za p\u011bt minut dvan\u00e1ct, proto\u017ee Ministerstvo financ\u00ed vlo\u017eilo slo\u017eku nazvanou N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtu do eKLEPu p\u011bt minut p\u0159ed koncem z\u00e1konn\u00e9 lh\u016fty, divit nesta\u010dila. Z\u00e1konn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edlohy, ze kter\u00fdch by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 \u00faspory odvodit, chyb\u011bly. Mezi dokumenty, kter\u00e9 dovolil ministr financ\u00ed sv\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm odtajnit, chyb\u011blo druhov\u00e9 i\u00a0odv\u011btvov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fddaj\u016f, tedy z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kameny rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 skladby, bez kter\u00e9 si \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd by sestavoval jak\u00fdkoliv rozpo\u010det alespo\u0148 mal\u00e9 organizace, neum\u00ed seri\u00f3zn\u00ed rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fbec p\u0159edstavit. Chyb\u011bly dokumenty, ze kter\u00fdch by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 odvodit provozn\u00ed nebo investi\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fddaje st\u00e1tu. Chyb\u011bly z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edlohy, kter\u00e9 cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed tvo\u0159ily z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed kameny n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona o\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtu, kter\u00fd je naprosto opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za z\u00e1kon roku.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.psp.cz\/eknih\/2021ps\/stenprot\/074schuz\/s074039.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Bude to tedy vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed debata. V\u00fdkopu se ujal b\u00fdval\u00fd premi\u00e9r a nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poslanec za ANO Andrej Babi\u0161, kter\u00fd vydr\u017eel u pult\u00edku \u0161est hodin, proto\u017ee \u2013 jak \u0159ekl \u2013 opozice nikde jinde nedostane slovo. Jinou tribunu ani nem\u00e1. Jeho projev je velice zaj\u00edmav\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na jako seznam kauz, kter\u00e9 by si zaslou\u017eily v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud se v\u0161ak toho m\u00e9dia \u2013 snad pod konkuren\u010dn\u00edm tlakem \u2013 sama neujmou, Babi\u0161 mluvil do zdi. I kdy\u017e najde poslucha\u010de, je velice t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 mu porozum\u011bt, mluv\u00ed stra\u0161n\u011b neuspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u011b. Snad si najde editora a d\u00e1 to s\u00a0n\u00edm dohromady pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byl popis \u010dinnosti jeho vl\u00e1dy, ze kter\u00e9ho je z\u0159ejm\u00e1 snaha chr\u00e1nit pr\u016fmysl i dom\u00e1cnosti p\u0159ed dopady epidemie. Hned prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad taxik\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd p\u0159ijel z\u00a0It\u00e1lie, uk\u00e1zal, co hroz\u00ed, kdy\u017e nakazil dal\u0161\u00edch 90 lid\u00ed a jedna zdravotn\u00ed sestra zem\u0159ela. Mezit\u00edm do \u010ceska p\u0159ich\u00e1zely zpr\u00e1vy z\u00a0p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdch italsk\u00fdch nemocnic, kde lid\u00e9 um\u00edrali na matrac\u00edch na chodb\u00e1ch. Bylo se \u010deho b\u00e1t a Babi\u0161ova vl\u00e1da podle toho reagovala.<\/p>\n

Byla to sice vl\u00e1da hodn\u011b star\u00e9ho st\u0159ihu, ale v\u00a0r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9ho ideov\u00e9ho obzoru se starala o lidi. Te\u010f Babi\u0161 h\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 proti gr\u00fdnd\u00fdlu a ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, ale o spoust\u011b v\u011bc\u00ed se s\u00a0n\u00edm d\u00e1 mluvit, je ochoten se u\u010dit, a dok\u00e1zal hlavn\u011b operativn\u011b reagovat a p\u0159im\u011bt vl\u00e1du k n\u011bjak\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm. To se o sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b \u0159\u00edci ned\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201eNebo jsem snad jedin\u00e1,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekla ve sn\u011bmovn\u011b \u0161\u00e9fka klubu ANO Alena Schillerov\u00e1, \u201ekomu p\u0159ijde absurdn\u00ed, aby ve stejn\u00fd den, kdy premi\u00e9r \u010dte \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd projev o\u00a0tom, jak se \u010cesk\u00e1 republika do deseti let stane k\u0159i\u017eovatkou Evropy, jeho vl\u00e1da p\u0159edlo\u017eila 15 % redukci v\u00fddaj\u016f na dopravn\u00ed infrastrukturu a\u00a046 % redukci v\u00fddaj\u016f na m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj?\u00a0Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee jednotliv\u00ed minist\u0159i se pak v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch nesta\u010d\u00ed divit, s\u00a0\u010d\u00edm n\u00e1vrh rozpo\u010dtu po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1. A\u00a0tak \u010dteme v\u00a0novin\u00e1ch nadpisy \u2013 Barto\u0161: Odm\u00edt\u00e1m tolik \u0161et\u0159it na m\u00edstn\u00edm rozvoji. Bek: Na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu pro \u0161kolstv\u00ed o\u00a030\u00a0miliard nebyla politick\u00e1 shoda. Ferjen\u010d\u00edk: N\u00e1vrh rozpo\u010dtu pro MMR a\u00a0M\u0160MT je \u00fapln\u00fd biz\u00e1r.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Te\u010f je v\u0161ak kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, jak d\u00e1l. Prvn\u00ed \u0161ance do toho promluvit, bude p\u0159i volb\u00e1ch do europarlamentu na ja\u0159e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku. To je zhruba \u010das, kter\u00fd m\u00e1me na zformov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 levicov\u00e9 opozice, kter\u00e1 by pak mohla usilovat \u2013 spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Babi\u0161em, by\u0165 kritika Ilony \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e9 plat\u00ed \u2013 o sn\u011bmovn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu.<\/p>\n

Za nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pova\u017euji doporu\u010den\u00ed \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e9, aby se v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed ekonomice zvy\u0161ovaly mzdy.<\/strong>\u00a0Vl\u00e1da to m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy, o kterou se op\u00edraj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong>\u00a0K\u00a0tomu bych dodal posilov\u00e1n\u00ed koruny, jak je prosazuje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 veden\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky. Sou\u010dasn\u011b je nezbytn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it dan\u011b, jsme skoro o p\u011bt procentn\u00edch bod\u016f pod da\u0148ovou kv\u00f3tou z\u00e1padn\u00edch soused\u016f. Mus\u00ed v\u0161ak j\u00edt o progres\u00edvn\u00ed dan\u011b, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesou podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed efekt ne\u017e vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy. Hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed dan\u00ed je sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nerovnost\u00ed v\u00a0ekonomice i ve spole\u010dnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Nejprve uvedu, pro\u010d je to nezbytn\u00e9, a a\u017e potom, jak si s\u00a0t\u00edm m\u00e1 ekonomika poradit a kde na to m\u00e1 vz\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Dokud budeme chud\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd si o n\u00e1s ot\u0159e boty. Dokud budeme extr\u00e9mn\u011b v\u00fdnosn\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice, investo\u0159i sl\u00edznou smetanu a slabou\u010dk\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed konkurence bude \u017eivo\u0159it na subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch za nadiktovanou cenu. Je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 rozv\u00edjet v\u011bdu, ale mus\u00ed po n\u00ed b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed firmy maj\u00ed svou, a pro ty chud\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed jsou v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nepou\u017eiteln\u00e1, nemaj\u00ed na v\u00fdvoj a investice. Ostatn\u011b, v\u0161echny zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed katedry na technick\u00fdch univerzit\u00e1ch maj\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed sponzory, kte\u0159\u00ed si pak st\u00e1hnou v\u00fdsledky a nejlep\u0161\u00ed talenty.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavou zku\u0161enost nab\u00eddla \u010c\u00edna, kter\u00e1 te\u010f p\u0159ekvapila schopnost\u00ed vyvinout vlastn\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fd procesor do mobilu pro 5G. Uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee bari\u00e9ru z\u00e1vislosti lze prorazit. Nejv\u00edc j\u00ed k\u00a0tomu paradoxn\u011b pomohly americk\u00e9 sankce. V\u00fdvoj popisuje profesor Lufeng z\u00a0Pekingsk\u00e9 univerzity na port\u00e1le China Academy. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna v\u00a050. a 60. letech docela pokro\u010dila ve v\u00fdvoji integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f, ze kter\u00fdch se vyvinuly dne\u0161n\u00ed procesory, ale pou\u017e\u00edvalo se to jen pro arm\u00e1du a v\u011bdu, do spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry nepronikly. U n\u00e1s byl podobn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, ale pro ty spot\u0159ebitele p\u0159ecejen n\u011bco bylo, jako mal\u00e9 tranzistor\u00e1ky a magne\u0165\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o vlastn\u00ed technologii, \u010c\u00edna nejen trvala na nez\u00e1visl\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoji, ale sna\u017eila se o velice pokro\u010dil\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, konstatuje profesor Lufeng. Jen\u017ee byla tu tvrd\u00e1 pl\u00e1novac\u00ed omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdvoj zastavila. Pak p\u0159i\u0161la 80. l\u00e9ta a \u010c\u00edna se otev\u0159ela sv\u011btu. Za\u010dala dov\u00e1\u017eet zahrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdrobky a dom\u00e1c\u00ed podniky se ocitly bez \u0161anc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se rozpadla dom\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1kladna v\u00fdroby polovodi\u010d\u016f, nastala dal\u0161\u00ed etapa. St\u00e1tn\u00ed politika podporovala dovoz technologie ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pak p\u0159i\u0161la prvn\u00ed V\u00e1lka v\u00a0Z\u00e1livu a vl\u00e1da si uv\u011bdomila strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam oboru. Za\u010daly se dov\u00e1\u017eet cel\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky v r\u00e1mci s\u00e9ri\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch podnik\u016f se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi firmami. A uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee to nikam nevede, proto\u017ee zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch linek neumo\u017e\u0148ovalo vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj, tak\u017ee v\u00fdrobky rychle zastar\u00e1valy.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhodou \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 strategie bylo v\u0161ak to, \u017ee rozv\u00edjela cel\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec chip\u016f, co\u017e podle profesora Lufenga nem\u00e1 ani Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea, Tchajwan nebo dokonce USA. Jednotliv\u00e9 firmy se v\u0161ak propojovaly se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi v\u00fdrobci. Vl\u00e1dla politika \u201enapodobovat\u201c, nikoliv \u201ev\u00e9st\u201c. Kdy\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9ho \u0161anghajsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce SMIC, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el s\u00a0\u010dipem Kirin 9000 s\u00a0vodi\u010di o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce 7 nanometr\u016f, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed 10 lety se neodva\u017eoval n\u011bco nab\u00edzet Huawei, ta nakupovala u tchajwansk\u00e9 TSMC.<\/p>\n

A pak tedy p\u0159i\u0161la ona americk\u00e1 embarga. Venku se \u010c\u00edn\u011b prod\u00e1v\u00e1 a nakupuje st\u00e1le h\u016f\u0159e, to jej\u00ed rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobce z\u00a0ekosyst\u00e9mu polovodi\u010d\u016f donutilo k\u00a0v\u00fdrobn\u00ed integraci, jej\u00ed\u017e plody jsou te\u010f na trhu.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/chinaacademy.substack.com\/p\/what-does-news-of-huaweis-5g-chips<\/a><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd stav je podobn\u00fd \u010das\u016fm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho tvrd\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, jen je provozuj\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed centra, kter\u00e1 stanovuj\u00ed limity \u00farovn\u011b \u010desk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a rozv\u00edjen\u00fdch obor\u016f. V\u011bda na tom nic nezm\u011bn\u00ed, nen\u00ed nikdo, kdo by ji pou\u017eil pro rozvoj \u010desk\u00e9 ekonomiky. Re\u00e1ln\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edm firm\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

N\u011bco lze zm\u011bnit jen tam, kde je volno. Volno je v\u00a0regionech, prostor tam otev\u00edraj\u00ed technologie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed decentralizaci. Ani to nebude bez konfliktu, pokud se budeme pokou\u0161et vyklouznout z\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na zahrani\u010dn\u00edch i na\u0161ich velk\u00fdch kluc\u00edch. Tiskem prolet\u011bly informace ze statistiky Global Wealth Report, kterou jsem nestihl prostudovat, ale neunikl jsem sd\u011blen\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010cesku stovka rodin vlastn\u00ed \u010dtvrtinu ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed (akcie, dluhopisy, konta). Kde to vzali? Vyt\u00e1hli to z\u00a0na\u0161ich kapes.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ubs.com\/global\/en\/family-office-uhnw\/reports\/global-wealth-report-2023.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edc lid\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed za bydlen\u00ed, energie, potraviny, dopravu, a pak tu je zdrav\u00ed, \u0161koly, n\u011bjak\u00e1 ta kultura a rekreace. Bydlen\u00ed je v\u00a0\u010cesku extr\u00e9mn\u011b drah\u00e9. Nebylo by, kdy st\u00e1t podpo\u0159il obce a dru\u017estva v\u00a0bytov\u00e9 v\u00fdstavb\u011b v\u00a0regionech. Tak\u00e9 potraviny u n\u00e1s pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky mar\u017e\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, kter\u00fdm se poda\u0159ilo monopolizovat jejich distribuci. M\u011bli by k\u00a0tomu men\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci, kdyby jim vyrostla konkurence v\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00ed produkci. Nen\u00ed pravda, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blci se mus\u00ed podb\u00edzet. M\u016fj t\u00e1ta kdysi pom\u00e1hal budovat Ml\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e9 dru\u017estvo T\u00e1bor, zkratkou Madeta, co\u017e bylo dru\u017estvo dodavatel\u016f, a kr\u00e1sn\u011b to fungovalo, ne\u017e to komunista pok\u0159ivil. Jde to.<\/p>\n

Ekonomika kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed obvykle nap\u0159ed p\u0159itahuje pr\u016fkopn\u00edky, a ti si kladou vysoko la\u0165ku u kvality potravin. Organick\u00e9 potraviny nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dus\u00edkat\u00e1 hnojiva z\u00a0dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho zemn\u00edho plynu, co\u017e by se nel\u00edbilo v\u00fdrobc\u016fm hnojiv, net\u0159eba jmenovat. Komunitn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed energetika, rozvinut\u00e1 do agreg\u00e1tor\u016f a virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren by p\u0159estala od\u010derp\u00e1vat pen\u00edze na \u00fa\u010dty velk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. To by se nel\u00edbilo \u010cEZ, K\u0159et\u00ednsk\u00e9mu nebo Tyka\u010dovi. Vznikl by tu v\u0161ak trval\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed zdroj pro rozvoj regionu, kter\u00fd by mohly spravovat region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozvojov\u00e9 banky. To by se nel\u00edbilo na\u0161im velk\u00fdm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm bank\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 te\u010f, v\u00a0dob\u011b krize, vykazovaly rekordn\u00ed zisky.<\/p>\n

Pos\u00edlen\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroby sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tlak na dovozy. To pos\u00edl\u00ed korunu. Tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dovozu energetick\u00fdch surovin by m\u011bn\u011b pomohlo.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm je to d\u011bsiv\u00e9, jak v\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd ve sn\u011bmovn\u011b vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1val poslanec ANO Andrej Babi\u0161:<\/p>\n

\u201eTak j\u00e1 v\u00e1m \u0159eknu te\u010f bilanci zahrani\u010dn\u00edho obchodu s\u00a0potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobky. To je va\u0161e d\u00edlo, pane premi\u00e9re. Dovoz ovoce, 48,9\u00a0miliardy, export 3,3. Tak\u017ee dov\u00e1\u017e\u00edme. \u010cerstv\u00e1 zelenina, dovoz 13,2\u00a0miliardy, export 2,4. Zase minus deset. Hov\u011bz\u00ed a\u00a0telec\u00ed maso. Ano, hov\u011bz\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme, tam jsme sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00ed. No a\u00a0vep\u0159ov\u00e9? Vep\u0159ov\u00e9, import 18,4\u00a0miliardy a\u00a0export 1,9.\u00a0V\u017edy\u0165 ta prasata, to bude vz\u00e1cnost. Ta skon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0zoologick\u00e9, takhle, jak to i\u00a0Evropa a\u00a0jak vy jste se k\u00a0tomu stav\u011bli.\u00a0Tak\u017ee my vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme syrov\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko, abychom dov\u00e1\u017eeli m\u00e1slo za 3\u00a0miliardy, jogurty a\u00a0kef\u00edry za miliardu a\u00a0i to ml\u00e9ko dov\u00e1\u017e\u00edme a\u00a0m\u00e1slo dov\u00e1\u017e\u00edme. Tak\u017ee dov\u00e1\u017e\u00edme, pane premi\u00e9re, za 61,3\u00a0miliardy a\u00a0vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme 22,8\u00a0miliardy.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Jak m\u016f\u017ee pomoci v\u011bda?<\/p>\n

Velk\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bda m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed c\u00edle a je mozkem v\u00fdzkumu, ale pot\u0159ebujeme i srdce, kter\u00e9 to rozh\u00e1n\u00ed ke konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu u\u017eit\u00ed. Tomu by mohla pomoci lep\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce akademie a \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol jako je \u010cVUT nebo VUB s region\u00e1ln\u00edmi univerzitami jako aplika\u010dn\u00edmi centry. Tam by mohly vznikat region\u00e1ln\u00ed vize, kter\u00e9 nejsou ur\u010deny jen do kompostu v\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9m vl\u00e1dn\u00edm \u0161upl\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 technologie jako je digitalizace, robotizace a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence n\u00e1s mohou zotro\u010dit. Pokud jsou v\u0161ak spojeny s decentralizac\u00ed, je to naopak n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fdm se m\u016f\u017eeme zotro\u010den\u00ed br\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n

Zvy\u0161ovat \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 m\u016f\u017eeme jen dole. M\u00edsto investi\u010dn\u00edch pob\u00eddek pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nab\u00eddn\u011bme pomoc m\u00edstn\u00edm ekologick\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, a\u0165 si to plat\u00ed samy.<\/p>\n

Pokud se bude dole da\u0159it, vznikne tlak na pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly pro velk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Budou muset zvy\u0161ovat mzdy. Nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nejziskov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d by to k\u00a0mal\u00e9 ekonomice nel\u00e1kalo, kdy\u017e budou na venkov\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed potraviny, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed energie a bydlen\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce v doch\u00e1zkov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a zdroje na rozvoj m\u00edstn\u00edch slu\u017eeb? A\u017e se prosad\u00ed ekonomika kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed, lze taky \u010dekat pokles intenzity dopravy, a to vyvol\u00e1 pot\u0159ebu p\u0159ehodnotit rozvoj d\u00e1lnic. Nem\u00e1 smysl d\u011blat z republiky logistick\u00e9 centrum a podb\u00edzet se investi\u010dn\u00edmi pob\u00eddkami.<\/p>\n

Nakonec mne napad\u00e1, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom si taky pot\u0159ebovali uhnat n\u011bjak\u00e9 sankce, aby zmrtv\u011bl\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed pr\u016fmysl dostal nov\u00fd impulz a za\u010dal b\u00fdt z\u00e1jem i o dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a>
\n\u017durnalista, v minulosti dlouholet\u00fd \u0161\u00e9fredaktor \u010dasopisu Ekonom.<\/p>\n

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