{"id":35492,"date":"2023-09-04T01:12:42","date_gmt":"2023-09-03T23:12:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=35492"},"modified":"2023-09-03T19:47:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-03T17:47:49","slug":"jan-campbell-genocida-na-pokracovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/09\/04\/jan-campbell-genocida-na-pokracovani\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Campbell: Genocida na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mnoz\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i si vzpomenou na p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky z\u00a0minulosti, ve kter\u00fdch jsem popisoval situaci na Kavkaze a Arm\u00e9nii, kde jsem v\u00a0devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed mj. vedl jeden z projekt\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky. Ta a arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da vypsaly v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na diagn\u00f3zu a vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu pro deset strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch podnik\u016f v\u00a0Arm\u00e9nii. T\u011bchto deset spole\u010dnost\u00ed zahrnovalo Kanaker Aluminum Plant<\/em> (nyn\u00ed Armenal), Yerevan Brandy Company<\/em> (nyn\u00ed Pernod Ricard) a dal\u0161\u00ed. Smlouva byla podeps\u00e1na s novoz\u00e9landskou investi\u010dn\u00ed bankou Admiralty. Byly vytvo\u0159eny dva t\u00fdmy specialist\u016f ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdm m\u011bl sv\u00e9ho vedouc\u00edho t\u00fdmu. Byl jsem tenkr\u00e1t jedn\u00edm ze dvou vedouc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00fdmsi mostem mezi m\u00fdm z\u00e1padn\u00edm t\u00fdmem a arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdmi specialisty byl ur\u010den arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdm ministerstvem financ\u00ed Artur Harutyunyan. Tento mlad\u00fd absolvent s MBA titulem (American University of Armenia) m\u011bl zku\u0161enosti z\u00a0pr\u00e1ce v poradensk\u00e9 firm\u011b AFSME (Armenian Foundation for Small and Medium Enterprises \u2013 EU projekt TACIS) a z pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0N\u011bmecku. Tam p\u016fsobil jako nez\u00e1visl\u00fd arm\u00e9nsk\u00fd expert na projektech n\u011bmeck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0Arm\u00e9nii. Spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159erostla v\u00a0hlubok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, o kter\u00e9m bude \u0159e\u010d v\u00a0p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 knize \u2013 77, a ni\u010deho nelituji<\/em>, s\u00a0pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm prodejem 1. svazku p\u0159ed V\u00e1nocemi 2023.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku nebudu popisovat historii a v\u0161eobecn\u00fd v\u00fdznam Arm\u00e9nie, rod\u00edc\u00ed se nov\u00fd konflikt v\u00a0Gruzii, Kyrgyzst\u00e1nu, pota\u017emo i Kazachst\u00e1nu a jinde. Zm\u00edn\u00edm se kr\u00e1tce o n\u011bkolika v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161eobecn\u011b spojeny s\u00a0histori\u00ed, \u00fazemn\u00edmi n\u00e1roky, geopolitikou a vojensk\u00fdmi a jin\u00fdmi aktivitami USA, UK, NATO a EU ve st\u00e1tech soused\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmo nebo jinak spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0Ruskou federac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho st\u00e1tu Ukrajina a o genocid\u011b. O n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch jsem p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny diskutoval v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b s\u00a0Dr. Ashot W. Grigorjanem, prezidentem\u00a0 FAAE (Forum of Armenian\u00a0 Association of Europe), The Club of Vienna a \u010dlenem dal\u0161\u00edch organizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Genocida<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Autorem pojmu genocidy je polsk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu Rafael Lemkin<\/em> (1900 \u2013 1959). Na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed koncepci genocidy za\u010dal pracovat ji\u017e ve dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed v r\u00e1mci studia p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f masov\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed proti k\u0159es\u0165an\u016fm v Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Prvn\u00ed Lemkin\u016fv n\u00e1vrh pr\u00e1vn\u00ed koncepce postihov\u00e1n\u00ed masov\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed zazn\u011bl v roce 1933 na konferenci v Madridu (tehdy pod pojmem barbarstv\u00ed), symbolicky ve stejn\u00e9m roce, kdy se Adolf Hitler v N\u011bmecku chopil moci. Lemkin v\u0161ak mezi deleg\u00e1ty konference nena\u0161el podporu. <\/strong>A\u017e v roce 1948 se skupin\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f a aktivist\u016f kolem Rafaela Lemkina poda\u0159ilo prosadit p\u0159ijet\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00damluvy o zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed a trest\u00e1n\u00ed zlo\u010dinu genocidy<\/em>. Byla to prvn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed lidskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00famluva v\u016fbec. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch tuto \u00famluvu ratifikovalo 152 zem\u00ed (k \u010dervenci 2019), kter\u00e9 zahrnuly zlo\u010din genocidy do sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

Podle \u00damluvy o zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed a trest\u00e1n\u00ed zlo\u010dinu genocidy<\/em> genocida p\u0159edstavuje zlo\u010din sp\u00e1chan\u00fd v \u00famyslu zni\u010dit \u00fapln\u011b nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b n\u011bkterou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, etnickou, rasovou nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou skupinu jako takovou. \u00damluva vymezuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010diny, kter\u00e9 vedou ke sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed genocidy: 1) usmrcen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f takov\u00e9 skupiny, 2) zp\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch t\u011blesn\u00fdch ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebo du\u0161evn\u00edch poruch \u010dlen\u016fm takov\u00e9 skupiny, 3) \u00famysln\u00e9 uveden\u00ed kter\u00e9koli skupiny do takov\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159ivodit jej\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00ed, 4) opat\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k tomu, aby se v takov\u00e9 skupin\u011b br\u00e1nilo rozen\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed a 5) n\u00e1siln\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed z jedn\u00e9 skupiny do jin\u00e9. Za trestn\u00fd \u010din je pova\u017eov\u00e1no spol\u010den\u00ed, pokus, p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed ke sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed genocidy a \u00fa\u010dastenstv\u00ed v genocid\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zlo\u010din genocidy se stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tzv. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho statutu <\/em>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho soudu, kter\u00fd vznikl v roce 2002. Jako st\u00e1l\u00fd soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr se s\u00eddlem v\u00a0Haagu st\u00edh\u00e1 pachatele genocidy, zlo\u010din\u016f proti lidskosti, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f a od roku 2010 i zlo\u010dinu agrese. Definice genocidy podle \u00damluvy o zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed a trest\u00e1n\u00ed zlo\u010dinu genocidy<\/em> a \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho statutu<\/em> je v\u00fdchoz\u00ed i pro systematick\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodu, p\u0159\u00ed\u010din a d\u016fsledk\u016f genocidn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho oboru studi\u00ed genocid. Obor vznikl v 80. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed v anglosask\u00e9m akademick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je reprezentov\u00e1n Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed asociac\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f na genocidu (International Association of Genocide Scholars). Jsou-li mezi nimi \u010ce\u0161i, nev\u00edm.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, \u017ee k\u00a0p\u0159edem uveden\u00fdm a v\u0161eobecn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm zlo\u010din\u016fm \u0159ad\u00edm i kulturn\u00ed genocidu ve smyslu knihy Cultural Genocide<\/em>, autorky a pr\u00e1vni\u010dky Tatevik Grigoriam (2014, ISBN 978-99941-2-817-4) a autogenocidu, <\/em>sp\u00e1chanou vlastn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou \u010di lidem.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach jako p\u0159\u00edklad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Arm\u00e9nie a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n vedou o toto \u00fazem\u00ed dlouholet\u00fd spor. V letech 1992\u20131994 prob\u00edhala o N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed v \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu enkl\u00e1vu, odd\u011blenou od Arm\u00e9nie takzvan\u00fdm La\u010dinsk\u00fdm koridorem<\/em>, otev\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00e1lka mezi Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem. V\u00e1lka zas\u00e1hla citeln\u011b i civiln\u00ed obyvatelstvo. Od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2013 se sr\u00e1\u017eky na frontov\u00e9 linii zintenzivnily. K eskalaci konfliktu do\u0161lo 2. dubna 2016, kdy vypukly boje pod\u00e9l cel\u00e9 hranice s N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachem. Druhou v\u00e1lku o N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach p\u0159edstavoval vojensk\u00fd konflikt mezi Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed, mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b neuznanou Republikou Arcach<\/em> a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem, vojensky podporovan\u00fdm Tureckem. Konflikt trval od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do listopadu 2020 a byl ukon\u010den podeps\u00e1n\u00edm dohody. Ozn\u00e1mil ji 10. listopadu 2020 prezident Putin s t\u00edm, \u017ee na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed budou dohl\u00ed\u017eet ru\u0161t\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9. V kv\u011btnu 2023 Arm\u00e9nie vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila ochotu uznat Karabach za sou\u010d\u00e1st \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, \u017ee neuznan\u00e1 N\u00e1horn\u00ed karaba\u0161sk\u00e1 republika (NKR) se po prohran\u00e9 druh\u00e9 karaba\u0161sk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce v roce 2020 ocitla ze v\u0161ech stran obklopena nejen de iure, ale i de facto \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi \u00fazem\u00edmi. Jedin\u00fdm spojen\u00edm s Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed byl takzvan\u00fd La\u010dinsk\u00fd koridor<\/em>, kter\u00fd \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nci od prosince 2022 fakticky blokuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace jako varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku tak zvan\u00ed ekologi\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9<\/em> br\u00e1nili n\u00e1klad\u016fm v pr\u016fjezdu. Od dubna je na silnici \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e1 blok\u00e1da. Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou Arm\u00e9ni nuceni opustit N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach, nebo p\u0159ijmout \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nskou svrchovanost nad t\u00edmto \u00fazem\u00edm. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>. Tak popsal p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny arm\u00e9nsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Ararat Mirzojan stav, v n\u011bm\u017e se nyn\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed obyvatelstvo zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu mimo kontrolu Baku. Do N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu nyn\u00ed nejsou dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 potraviny, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 palivo, nic<\/em>, citovala Mirzojana agentura Sputnik Armenia.<\/p>\n

Arm\u00e9nsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Nikol Pa\u0161injan v rozhovoru pro list La Repubblica p\u0159edev\u010d\u00edrem prohl\u00e1sil: M\u00edr mezi Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem je mo\u017en\u00fd pouze po vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m uzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b Alma-Atsk\u00e9 deklarace z roku 1991<\/em>. Poznamenal, \u017ee jinak nikdy nebude m\u00edr,<\/em> zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee pr\u00e1va a bezpe\u010dnost karaba\u0161sk\u00fdch Arm\u00e9n\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zaji\u0161t\u011bna a garantov\u00e1na<\/em> a p\u0159ipustil, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 posoudit, jak bl\u00edzko jsou strany k podpisu m\u00edrov\u00e9 dohody<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Je Z\u00e1pad blok\u00e1dou La\u010dinsk\u00e9ho koridoru skute\u010dn\u011b znepokojen?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 ministryn\u011b zahrani\u010d\u00ed Annalena Berbockov\u00e1 31. srpna prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee cesta z Arm\u00e9nie do N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt voln\u00e1 pro humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc. Berbockov\u00e1 uvedla, \u017ee situace v neuznan\u00e9 republice je na programu zased\u00e1n\u00ed ministr\u016f zahrani\u010d\u00ed EU 31. srpna ve \u0160pan\u011blsku. T\u00e9ho\u017e dne tak\u00e9 \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edalo francouzsk\u00e9 velvyslankyni v Baku Anne Boyonov\u00e9 protestn\u00ed n\u00f3tu. D\u016fvodem bylo vysl\u00e1n\u00ed vozidel pod z\u00e1minkou humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoci<\/em> (a pr\u00fd) provokativn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/em> doprovodu<\/em>, v\u010detn\u011b starostky Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee Anne Hidalgo proti \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu na kontroln\u00edm stanovi\u0161ti La\u010din.<\/em><\/p>\n

Vznik\u00e1 tak dojem, \u017ee role Moskvy jako m\u00edrotvorce a garanta status quo<\/em> nen\u00ed viditeln\u00e1. Arm\u00e9nii z\u0159ejm\u011b mor\u00e1ln\u011b podporuj\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed partne\u0159i,<\/em> a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na podporu Turecka. Krom\u011b toho se mi jev\u00ed, \u017ee: 1) Existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 rusko-arm\u00e9nsko-\u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dohody, jejich\u017e duch p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 de facto nez\u00e1vislou existenci N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu<\/em> po ur\u010ditou dobu (garantovanou rusk\u00fdm m\u00edrov\u00fdm kontingentem). 2) \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n se rozhodl vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Ruska v konfliktu na Ukrajin\u011b s kolektivn\u00edm Z\u00e1padem. 3) Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se dohody z\u00a0listopadu 2020 sv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed k revizi situace. Pro\u010d tak mysl\u00edm?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem zost\u0159en\u00ed situace v Karabachu je z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159im\u011bt Moskvu, kter\u00e1 trvala na odlo\u017een\u00ed ot\u00e1zky statusu N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu do budoucna, aby ustoupila a umo\u017enila karaba\u0161skou ot\u00e1zku definitivn\u011b uzav\u0159\u00edt. Tomuto c\u00edli napomohla kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00e1, n\u011bkdy a\u017e proradn\u00e1 politika arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a vl\u00e1da premi\u00e9ra Pa\u0161injana. J\u00edm praktikovan\u00e1 politika dovoluje Baku prosazovat vn\u011b dohody de facto i de iure svou svrchovanost nad Karabachem. Arm\u00e9ni se tomu ale br\u00e1n\u00ed. Ot\u00e1zku bez odpov\u011bdi p\u0159edstavuje proto skute\u010dn\u00e9 kon\u00e1n\u00ed premi\u00e9ra Pa\u0161injana a skute\u010dnost odesl\u00e1n\u00ed humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoci z\u00a0Baku, kterou ale Arm\u00e9nie necht\u011bla p\u0159ijmout.<\/p>\n

Pokud premi\u00e9r Pa\u0161injan a Arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed se skute\u010dn\u011b sm\u00ed\u0159ilo se situac\u00ed\u00a0obyvatelstvo Karabachu a Arm\u00e9nie je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b rozho\u0159\u010deno. Sou\u010dasn\u011b ale nebude vinit \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed nebo vlastn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady, ale rusk\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 s\u00edly um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v regionu, kter\u00e9 je (pr\u00fd) nechr\u00e1nily<\/em>. Jin\u00fdmi slovy: Rusk\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 s\u00edly neud\u011blaly nic pro ukon\u010den\u00ed blok\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0t\u00edm ale nesouhlas\u00ed Moskva, kter\u00e1 se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00edrov\u00e9 s\u00edly s t\u00edm nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Mluv\u010d\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Maria Zacharovov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1sila: Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace v La\u010dinsk\u00e9m koridoru byla d\u016fsledkem arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed<\/em>. Krom\u011b toho mluv\u010d\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipomn\u011bla: Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zaznamen\u00e1no ve v\u00fdsledc\u00edch summit\u016f za \u00fa\u010dasti vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f obou zem\u00ed pod z\u00e1\u0161titou EU v \u0159\u00edjnu 2022 a kv\u011btnu 2023. <\/em>Sta\u010d\u00ed sezn\u00e1mit se s prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed RF z 15. \u010dervence v souvislosti se situac\u00ed kolem N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu. Proto zd\u016fraznila Zacharov\u00e1: Pova\u017eujeme za nevhodn\u00e9, nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v t\u00e9to souvislosti odpov\u011bdnost na rusk\u00fd m\u00edrov\u00fd kontingent,<\/em> a dodala, \u017ee Moskva vid\u00ed \u00fakol kontingentu v tom,<\/em> aby na m\u00edst\u011b poskytl ve\u0161kerou mo\u017enou pomoc p\u0159i zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v a bezpe\u010dnosti karaba\u0161sk\u00fdch Arm\u00e9n\u016f v nov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 vznikly v d\u016fsledku uzn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu k \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu ze strany Jerevanu a arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0uveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee Rusko je nuceno pohybovat se v extr\u00e9mn\u011b \u00fazk\u00e9m r\u00e1mci nov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek<\/em>, o nich\u017e mluvila Zacharovov\u00e1. Co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 pod pojmem nov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky<\/em>?<\/p>\n

1) Jsou to staro-nov\u00e9 nejasnosti m\u00edrov\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu. 2) Zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bnost Ruska Ukrajinou a kolektivn\u00edm Z\u00e1padem. 3) Snaha Ruska udr\u017eovat dobr\u00e9 vztahy s Baku a Jerevanem. 4) Povinnost Ruska jako zprost\u0159edkovatele v\u00a0konfliktu v\u00a0historicky strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9m regionu. 5) Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed Karabachu jako \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed v\u0161emi ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmi akt\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b uveden\u00e9ho p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m: a) notorickou pasivitu sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho veden\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si v tandemu se Z\u00e1padem vytklo za c\u00edl vytla\u010dit Rusko z ji\u017en\u00edho Kavkazu, b) ml\u010den\u00ed Moskvy, kter\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed u Arm\u00e9n\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 a geopolitick\u00e9 h\u0159e nerozum\u011bj\u00ed, a c) mluven\u00ed a intervence jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a spole\u010denstv\u00ed v Arm\u00e9nii, v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Francouz\u016f a EU.<\/p>\n

Francouzi se dnes s\u00a0humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed stav\u00ed do role hlavn\u00edch obr\u00e1nc\u016f oby\u010dejn\u00fdch Arm\u00e9n\u016f. Cesta delegace veden\u00e9 pa\u0159\u00ed\u017eskou starostkou Anne Hidalgovou na arm\u00e9nsko-\u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nskou hranici to indikuje podobn\u011b jako v\u00fdroky \u010dlena delegace, sen\u00e1tora Bruno Rataio (p\u0159edseda frakce Republik\u00e1n\u016f Nicolase Sarkozyho v horn\u00ed komo\u0159e parlamentu): To, co se dnes d\u011bje v Arcach <\/em>(arm\u00e9nsk\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach), vede k etnick\u00fdm \u010distk\u00e1m a genocid\u011b. Prvn\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d jsme zde, je to, \u017ee se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 trag\u00e9die. To, co se dnes d\u011bje, m\u011bn\u00ed Arcach v koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem. Tento pokus o etnickou \u010distku a genocidu je nam\u00ed\u0159en proti 120 tis\u00edc\u016fm lid\u00ed, z nich\u017e 30 tis\u00edc jsou d\u011bti<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Galsk\u00fd kohout, sen\u00e1tor Rataio, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed prokazateln\u011b v\u00a0minulosti tak\u00e9 po\u017eadoval, aby prezident Macron p\u0159ijal rezoluci, kter\u00e1 kone\u010dn\u011b povol\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00ed La\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho koridoru a postav\u00ed jej pod mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ochranu.<\/em> Jin\u00fdmi slovy to znamen\u00e1: Dostat koridor pod kontrolu Z\u00e1padu. Sen\u00e1tor toti\u017e mus\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee Francie nem\u016f\u017ee La\u010dinsk\u00fd koridor p\u0159evz\u00edt, \u017ee Francie nem\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat souhlas Baku a Ankary, a o n\u011bjak\u00e9m souhlasu Ruska nemluv\u011b. Francie nikdy nebyla a nebude schopna zaru\u010dit bezpe\u010dnost karaba\u0161sk\u00fdch Arm\u00e9n\u016f, proto\u017ee nem\u00e1 na to ani s\u00edlu, ani schopnosti, ani pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Pro\u010d tedy galsk\u00fd kohout s\u00a0probl\u00e9my doma hlasit\u011b kokrh\u00e1?<\/p>\n

Francouz\u0161t\u00ed politici, podobn\u011b jako velk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00e1padn\u00edch politik\u016f, ch\u00e1pou n\u00e1lady obyvatelstva, v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho, a cht\u011bj\u00ed mu proto prodat vzduch v\u00a0barevn\u00e9m r\u00e9torick\u00e9m obalu, aby po\u0161tvali Arm\u00e9ny proti ml\u010d\u00edc\u00ed Moskv\u011b. Osobn\u011b nevylu\u010duji, \u017ee arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost ztr\u00e1c\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru v Rusko jako spolehliv\u00e9ho spojence, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee chr\u00e1nit nejen spojeneck\u00e9, ale dokonce i vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy v regionu. Jak\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy Ruska m\u00e1m na mysli?<\/p>\n

Pokud se Moskva st\u00e1hne ze Zakavkazska a p\u0159enech\u00e1 region Turecku, ztrat\u00ed sv\u016fj koridor na Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed rizika pro severn\u00ed Kavkaz a umo\u017en\u00ed vzniknut\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f v\u00a0regionu, i mimo n\u011bj. Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b rozvahy vstupuje na sc\u00e9nu \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Nerozhodnost Moskvy, jak USA vychov\u00e1vaj\u00ed politick\u00e9 k\u00e1dry v\u00a0Arm\u00e9nii a jak p\u0159evychov\u00e1vaj\u00ed mladou generaci na protiruskou, umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu (vl\u00e1d\u011b v\u00a0Baku) chovat se \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l drzeji v\u016f\u010di form\u00e1ln\u00edmu spojenci, Rusku. Drze, a to nejen v region\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 co se t\u00fd\u010de podpory pozice Kyjeva, zat\u00edm prezentovan\u00e9 prezidentem Zelensk\u00fdm. Dokazuj\u00ed to v\u00fdroky \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho velvyslance na Ukrajin\u011b Seymura Mardalijeva b\u011bhem ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho setk\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00e1m\u011bstkem \u0161\u00e9fa ukrajinsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Velvyslanec Mardalijev vyj\u00e1d\u0159il obdiv k odvaze a nezlomnosti<\/em> p\u0159i odr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed rusk\u00e9 agrese<\/em>, sl\u00edbil zv\u00fd\u0161it objem bal\u00edku pomoci Ukrajin\u011b, a to i v ot\u00e1zce odminov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>, a deklaroval politick\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky<\/em> t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pomoci.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0uveden\u00e9ho a zde neuveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee okam\u017eik pro podpis arm\u00e9nsko-\u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 smlouvy byl prome\u0161k\u00e1n. Moskva m\u00e1 velmi omezen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Jak\u00e9 mo\u017enosti m\u00e1 Moskva?<\/p>\n

1) Demonstrativn\u00ed.\u00a0 Rusko mus\u00ed uk\u00e1zat a dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee je p\u0159ipraveno tvrd\u011b h\u00e1jit sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy v\u00a0regionu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00edm, \u017ee Moskva bolestiv\u011b nakro\u010d\u00ed proti Baku, s c\u00edlem vytla\u010dit \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jednotky ze z\u00f3ny odpov\u011bdnosti rusk\u00fdch m\u00edrov\u00fdch sil a sou\u010dasn\u011b otev\u0159en\u011b ozn\u00e1m\u00ed trest za protirusk\u00e9 a protiarm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 kroky vl\u00e1dy Nikoli Pa\u0161injana a jemu osobn\u011b.<\/p>\n

2) Vzd\u00e1t se v\u00a0kontextu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkladu: Moskva nen\u00ed p\u0159ipravena nutit strany k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky, proto\u017ee udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f s Baku i Jerevanem se jev\u00ed toho \u010dasu jako spr\u00e1vn\u00e9. Pokud rusk\u00e1 strana podpo\u0159\u00ed separatismus, odstr\u010d\u00ed Baku a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce ho p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Turecku. Pokud donut\u00ed Jerevan ke kapitulaci, Arm\u00e9nie pob\u011b\u017e\u00ed do n\u00e1ru\u010de EU, pot\u00e9 do NATO.<\/p>\n

3) Dohoda prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rusk\u00e9ho zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Moskva (na rozd\u00edl od USA, Francie, EU a Turecka) nezauj\u00edm\u00e1 pro-arm\u00e9nsk\u00fd ani pro-\u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fd postoj, p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnu-li k z\u00e1m\u011bru arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f vzd\u00e1t se Karabachu. Tato pozice m\u00e1 ale sv\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody. Jak\u00e9?<\/p>\n

Moskva dohodou nez\u00edsk\u00e1 zp\u011bt sv\u00e9 pozice v \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu, kde vsadila na Turecko. Obraz Ruska nejen u arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, ale i v arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a v\u00a0prorusk\u00e9m N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu, jeho\u017e obyvatel\u00e9 byli z cel\u00e9 arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 populace nejv\u00edce proru\u0161t\u00ed, bude zni\u010den na dlouh\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. Rusko zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed s\u00a0arm\u00e9nskou diasporou doma u sebe a v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed a t\u00edm oslab\u00ed svoji diplomatickou a vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed s\u00edlu a mo\u017enosti p\u016fsoben\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00a0ohledem na st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed provokace kolektivn\u00edho tzv. Z\u00e1padu na ukrajinsk\u00e9m a \u010dernomo\u0159sk\u00e9m boji\u0161ti, a pokud si Rusko chce udr\u017eet kontrolu nad regionem Kavkazu, bude muset d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji dok\u00e1zat tvrdou akc\u00ed a ne slovy, kdo je na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny, \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i a ji\u017en\u00edm Kavkaze p\u00e1nem. Takov\u00fd d\u016fkaz nev\u011b\u0161t\u00ed nic dobr\u00e9ho EU. Genocida proto bude pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0t\u00e9 \u010di jin\u00e9 a nov\u00e9 form\u011b. Souhlasu net\u0159eba.<\/p>\n

Jan Campbell<\/em>
\n02.09.2023<\/em><\/p>\n

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Mnoz\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i si vzpomenou na p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky z\u00a0minulosti, ve kter\u00fdch jsem popisoval situaci na Kavkaze a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":650,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1730,2966,178,29],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35492"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35492"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35492\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}