{"id":35140,"date":"2023-08-30T06:13:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T04:13:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=35140"},"modified":"2023-08-30T06:13:12","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T04:13:12","slug":"martin-simak-upadek-naseho-zemedelstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/30\/martin-simak-upadek-naseho-zemedelstvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Martin \u0160im\u00e1k: \u00dapadek na\u0161eho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V roce 2019 jsem doslova od nuly za\u010dal podnikat jako malozem\u011bd\u011blec (s v\u00fdm\u011brou cca 10 ha) prim\u00e1rn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na sm\u00ed\u0161enou \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou v\u00fdrobu. Ze sv\u00e9 praxe vid\u00edm \u0161patn\u00fd stav na\u0161eho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a hlavn\u011b nerovn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro n\u00e1s, drobn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blce.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za\u010dnu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem m\u00e9ho kolegy, kter\u00fd se v\u011bnuje zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jako svoj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed \u010dinnosti od 90. let:<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159i vstupu do EU se n\u00e1m p\u0159ihodilo p\u00e1r v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se asi nem\u011bly st\u00e1t.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ty v\u011bci souvisely s voln\u00fdm obchodem, respektive zru\u0161en\u00edm cel a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed voln\u00e9ho obchodu s c\u00edlem nedestabilizovat trh s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi komoditami (tzv. spole\u010dn\u00e1 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 politika EU).<\/i><\/p>\n

1.<\/strong><\/span> Vznikly kv\u00f3ty na v\u00fdrobu na v\u00fdrobu ml\u00e9ka \u2013 byli jsme sv\u011bdky, \u017ee se ml\u00e9ko vyl\u00e9valo do kan\u00e1l\u016f, proto\u017ee pokud by zem\u011bd\u011blec toto ml\u00e9ko uplatnil na trhu, dostal by pokutu, kter\u00e1 by p\u0159evy\u0161ovala z\u00edskan\u00e9 prost\u0159edky.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ruku v ruce \u0161la pob\u00eddka (dotace) na chov masn\u00e9ho skotu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, nepodporovaly se dojnice, ale kr\u00e1vy na maso. Tehdy za\u010dalo masivn\u00ed vyb\u00edjen\u00ed dojnic.<\/i><\/p>\n

Po cca 10 letech se zjistilo, \u017ee ji\u017e nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba kv\u00f3t a kv\u00f3ty byly zru\u0161eny. Dojnic ubylo a za\u010dala b\u00fdt popt\u00e1vka po ml\u00e9ce, kter\u00e9 u\u017e nikdo nem\u011bl. Tak\u017ee od roku 2016 se za\u010dala d\u00e1vat dotace i na dojnice.<\/i><\/p>\n

2.<\/strong> <\/span>Vznikly kv\u00f3ty na v\u00fdrobu cukru. Stejn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh jako s ml\u00e9kem. Zav\u0159ely se n\u011bkter\u00e9 cukrovary, a a\u017e bylo po nich, zru\u0161ily se kv\u00f3ty.<\/i><\/p>\n

3.<\/strong> <\/span>Dotace na zatravn\u011bn\u00ed: V roce 2004 za\u010dal velk\u00fd boom zatrav\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, a to za \u00fa\u010delem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed plochy obilovin, olejnin apod. Po zatravn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017e ne\u0161lo z toho ud\u011blat ornou. A\u017e tento rok \u0161lo zm\u011bnit trval\u00fd travn\u00ed porost na ornou p\u016fdu, ale pouze do 30. b\u0159ezna. Pak u\u017e zase ne.<\/i><\/p>\n

Kv\u00f3ty, stejn\u011b jako dotace, tot\u00e1ln\u011b\u00a0zk\u0159ivily zrcadlo trhu.\u00a0Celkov\u011b\u00a0 nastaven\u00e9 dotace do roku 2014 m\u011bly za n\u00e1sledek sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed produkce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a t\u00edm i odchod zam\u011bstnanc\u016f ze zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee nejsme agr\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u00e1t jako nap\u0159. Polsko.<\/i><\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 obavy vznikaj\u00ed i ze vstupu Ukrajiny do EU, kdy se jedn\u00e1 o velkou zemi, kter\u00e1 by se r\u00e1zem stala nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjemcem dotac\u00ed a mohla by destabilizovat spole\u010dn\u00fd trh.\u201c<\/i><\/p>\n

\u2014<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1le k\u00a0tomu p\u0159id\u00e1m m\u00e9 osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z praxe m\u011b jako\u017eto malozem\u011bd\u011blce (s v\u00fdm\u011brou cca 10 ha) prim\u00e1rn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na sm\u00ed\u0161enou \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou v\u00fdrobu (od chovu skotu na maso po dr\u016fbe\u017e, kr\u00e1l\u00edky atd.). Za\u010dal jsem s danou \u010dinnost\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2019 doslova od nuly \u2013 jak person\u00e1ln\u011b, tak hlavn\u011b finan\u010dn\u011b a \u201eprofesion\u00e1ln\u011b\u201c.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edem uv\u00e1d\u00edm, \u017ee m\u016fj postoj k dan\u00e9mu je a v\u017edy byl, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a v\u00fdkon t\u00e9to profese by bylo zru\u0161en\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch dotac\u00ed, pop\u0159. (u investi\u010dn\u00edch akc\u00ed) jejich zm\u011bnu na bez\u00faro\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159\u00edjemce formou dlouhodob\u00fdch spl\u00e1tek vracel. T\u00edm bychom my zem\u011bd\u011blci byli \u201ev\u0161ichni na jedn\u00e9 lodi\u201c a provozovali svoji zem\u011bd\u011blskou \u010dinnost na sv\u00fdch v\u00fdm\u011br\u00e1ch za shodn\u00fdch (vz\u00e1jemn\u011b si rovn\u00fdch) finan\u010dn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Na trh by se dost\u00e1valo to, co je re\u00e1ln\u011b pot\u0159eba (po \u010dem je v\u00a0\u010cR popt\u00e1vka).<\/p>\n

Nevznikala by \u00fa\u010delov\u011b \u201emegazem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 dru\u017estva\u201c (stovky hektar\u016f) o jednom \u010dlov\u011bku, kter\u00fd akor\u00e1t um\u00ed \u201eefektivn\u011b chodit\u201c v agend\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch dotac\u00ed \u2013 a to v\u017edy z principu v\u011bci ze zn\u00e1mosti s politiky a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky EU (kte\u0159\u00ed danou dota\u010dn\u00ed agendu spravuj\u00ed a p\u0159erozd\u011bluj\u00ed). Tyto podniky jsou naprosto nepom\u011brn\u011b zv\u00fdhod\u0148ov\u00e1ny oproti n\u00e1m, kte\u0159\u00ed jsme za\u010dali se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm a\u017e po roce 2016. \u0158\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed roli tam m\u00e1 jak\u00fdsi \u201eekonomick\u00fd manager\u201c, kter\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161inou z principu nev\u00ed ani jak smrd\u00ed nafta, hl\u00edna atd. Tito lid\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enost, jak v t\u011bchto podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch s minimem finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f \u0159e\u0161it \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby a n\u00e1roky hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, bez kter\u00fdch jak\u00e1koli hospod\u00e1\u0159sko-zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost je postupn\u00e9 ub\u00edjen\u00ed p\u016fdy do sterilnosti (a\u017e hladomoru) a nebo jen p\u0159\u00edpravy na finan\u010dn\u011b produktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jin\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed ne\u017e je zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u00edmto tempem se brzy dostaneme do \u201eutopick\u00e9 f\u00e1ze\u201c, kdy budeme m\u00edt dost pen\u011bz, ale nebude si za n\u011b v \u010cR a EU co koupit, zejm\u00e9na ne suroviny a v\u00fdplodky z tuzemsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkce. Spol\u00e9hat, \u017ee ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1m toho \u201er\u00e1di za p\u00e1r \u0161up\u016f dovezou\u201c (viz v sou\u010dasnosti vnucovan\u00e9 p\u0159ebytky z\u00a0Ukrajiny) je v\u00edce ne\u017e kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00e9 jak pro spot\u0159ebitele, tak o to v\u00edce finan\u010dn\u011b likvida\u010dn\u00ed pro na\u0161e producenty.<\/p>\n

\u017de by to byl i jeden z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se politici sna\u017e\u00ed um\u011ble finan\u010dn\u011b \u017eivit a garantovat vojensk\u00e9 konflikty v\u00a0zem\u00edch, kde maj\u00ed takov\u00fdchto komodit p\u0159ebytky? Tyto zem\u011b neust\u00e1le produkuj\u00ed kvantitu nad kvalitou bez zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edem jist\u00e9ho odbytu a bez situac\u00ed typu v\u00e1lky by tuzemsk\u00fd trh nem\u011bl o jejich zbo\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1jem.<\/p>\n

Jsou ov\u0161em i lid\u00e9 jako j\u00e1, kte\u0159\u00ed o sebelevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u00fadajn\u011b sebekvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed z dovozu (a\u0165 u\u017e odkudkoliv) prost\u011b z principu nestoj\u00ed a o to sp\u00ed\u0161e nebudou do n\u011bj investovat sv\u00e9 (v\u011bt\u0161inou t\u011b\u017ece vyd\u011blan\u00e9) pen\u00edze, i kdyby st\u00e1lo polovinu ceny oproti tuzemsk\u00e9 produkci t\u00e9ho\u017e.<\/p>\n

Nejhor\u0161\u00ed na tom pro tyto lidi a spot\u0159ebitele je, \u017ee \u010dasto nev\u00ed a nemohou ovlivnit, jestli zbo\u017e\u00ed denn\u00ed spot\u0159eby (jako je pe\u010divo a ml\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e9 produkty) je vyr\u00e1b\u011bno z tuzemsk\u00e9ho obil\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch surovin, nebo ze zahrani\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159ebytk\u016f. Ot\u00e1zkou je, zda by nakonec tuzemsk\u00e1 produkce t\u00e9ho\u017e dok\u00e1zala oproti zahrani\u010dn\u00edmu dovozu ceny t\u011bchto komodit sn\u00ed\u017eit \u2013 zejm\u00e9na zda by to dovolila a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zajistila ona \u201es\u00edla ekonomick\u00e9 honby za st\u00e1le rostouc\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00edm ziskem z pozice tuzemsk\u00fdch ekonom\u016f a makl\u00e9\u0159\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

Nelze ne\u017e z\u00e1v\u011brem k t\u00e9to m\u00e9 dne\u0161n\u00ed rozvaze doufat, \u017ee kdy\u017e u\u017e dov\u00e1\u017e\u00edme \u201ep\u0159ebytky potravin ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed\u201c, tak \u017ee aspo\u0148 \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b pln\u00ed potravinov\u00e9 normy a p\u0159edpisy, kter\u00fdmi se mus\u00ed \u0159\u00eddit tuzem\u0161t\u00ed producenti potravin a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f, pokud je v\u016fbec cht\u011bj\u00ed uv\u00e9st na trh.<\/p>\n

Martin \u0160im\u00e1k, \u010dlen ND<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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V roce 2019 jsem doslova od nuly za\u010dal podnikat jako malozem\u011bd\u011blec (s v\u00fdm\u011brou cca 10…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,29,85,104],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35140"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35140"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35140\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}