{"id":35027,"date":"2023-08-29T06:30:14","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T04:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=35027"},"modified":"2023-08-29T06:30:14","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T04:30:14","slug":"thomas-roper-bude-valka-proti-nigeru-nebo-ne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/29\/thomas-roper-bude-valka-proti-nigeru-nebo-ne\/","title":{"rendered":"Thomas R\u00f6per: Bude v\u00e1lka proti Nigeru nebo ne?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Situace kolem p\u0159evratu v Nigeru je nep\u0159ehledn\u00e1.\u00a0ECOWAS na jednu stranu hroz\u00ed vojenskou intervenc\u00ed, ale na druhou stranu to jakoby v\u016fbec nechce, zat\u00edmco Francie na n\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed tlak.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Geopoliticky je situace kolem Nigeru nesm\u00edrn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, proto\u017ee se tam st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy.\u00a0Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je Francie, kter\u00e1 chce b\u00fdt st\u00e1le nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mocnost\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch b\u00fdval\u00fdch z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch koloni\u00edch.\u00a0Tady jde vlastn\u011b o neokolonialismus, proto\u017ee hlavn\u00ed je, \u017ee francouzsk\u00e9 korporace cht\u011bj\u00ed i nad\u00e1le t\u011b\u017eit p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje zem\u00ed a \u017ee zem\u011b maj\u00ed jen zlomek vlastn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed.\u00a0Zejm\u00e9na uran z Nigeru je pro francouzsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd pr\u016fmysl velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mlad\u00e9 obyvatelstvo regionu se k tomu ale stav\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsky, proto\u017ee se chce vymanit z neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a kone\u010dn\u011b si u\u017e\u00edvat sv\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed.\u00a0Navzdory sv\u00e9mu bohatstv\u00ed je Niger t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nejchud\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\n

V d\u016fsledku toho do\u0161lo v posledn\u00edch letech v Mali a Burkin\u011b Faso k p\u0159evrat\u016fm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pu\u010dist\u00e9 si obl\u00edbili lidi, proto\u017ee za\u010dali vyh\u00e1n\u011bt francouzsk\u00e9 nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace, m\u00e9dia a dokonce i francouzskou arm\u00e1du ze sv\u00fdch zem\u00ed.\u00a0Podle dostupn\u00fdch pr\u016fzkum\u016f stoj\u00ed za pu\u010disty i obyvatelstvo v Nigeru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francie v t\u011bchto zem\u00edch l\u00e9ta vedla vojensk\u00e9 operace, \u00fadajn\u011b v boji proti islamistick\u00fdm rebel\u016fm.\u00a0Tyto operace v\u0161ak byly ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, proto\u017ee islamist\u00e9 jsou tam i p\u0159es \u00fadajn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed Francie.\u00a0A to nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9, proto\u017ee Francie m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem ponechat si v zem\u00edch svou arm\u00e1du, aby tam mohla vykon\u00e1vat moc a zaji\u0161\u0165ovat si \u201esv\u00e9\u201c suroviny.\u00a0V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad islamistick\u00fdmi rebely by anulovalo z\u00e1minku, pod kterou jsou francouz\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci rozm\u00edst\u011bni v regionu \u2013 a to v\u016fbec nen\u00ed ve francouzsk\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka nebo ne?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Francie samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee nechat pu\u010disty v Nigeru proj\u00edt, suroviny zem\u011b jsou pro Francii p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.\u00a0Ale Francie sama t\u011b\u017eko m\u016f\u017ee vojensky zas\u00e1hnout proti pu\u010dist\u016fm, v o\u010d\u00edch m\u00edstn\u00edch lid\u00ed by to byl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 otev\u0159en\u00fd akt neokolonialismu, kter\u00fd by mohl v\u00e9st i k protest\u016fm a pu\u010d\u016fm v sousedn\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francie proto jedn\u00e1 v z\u00e1kulis\u00ed a vyv\u00edj\u00ed tlak na Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (ECOWAS), kter\u00e9 na Niger uvalilo sankce a vlastn\u011b dalo pu\u010dist\u016fm ultim\u00e1tum.\u00a0Po vypr\u0161en\u00ed ultim\u00e1ta ECOWAS pohrozila invaz\u00ed do Nigeru.\u00a0Ale ultim\u00e1tum uplynulo a nic se nestalo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u016f ECOWAS je v tom, \u017ee jejich vl\u00e1dy se tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00e1t p\u0159evrat\u016f, pokud vedou v\u00e1lku proti v\u016fdc\u016fm p\u0159evrat\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v regionu popul\u00e1rn\u00ed.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho, zat\u00edmco vojensk\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha sil je ve prosp\u011bch ECOWAS, kter\u00e9 je nad\u0159azeno ozbrojen\u00fdm sil\u00e1m spojeneck\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Niger, Mali a Burkina Faso, jejich p\u0159evaha nen\u00ed natolik kritick\u00e1, aby zaru\u010dila rychl\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.\u00a0\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le by v\u0161ak v\u00e1lka trvala, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u016f\u010di ECOWAS by v cel\u00e9m regionu rostla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed proto divu, \u017ee ECOWAS hraj\u00ed o \u010das.\u00a0<\/span>20. srpna ozn\u00e1mili,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee vojensk\u00e1 operace je hotovou v\u011bc\u00ed a \u017ee ji\u017e bylo stanoveno datum, ale pot\u00e9 se nic ned\u011blo.\u00a0M\u00edsto toho se vl\u00e1dy zem\u00ed ECOWAS sna\u017e\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1vat s rebely v Nigeru.\u00a0Na rozd\u00edl od prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z 20. srpna, \u017ee o vojensk\u00e9 operaci bylo rozhodnuto, nigerijsk\u00fd prezident\u00a0<\/span>28. srpna prohl\u00e1sil,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee vojensk\u00e1 operace je a\u017e posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, pokud v\u0161echna jedn\u00e1n\u00ed sel\u017eou.\u00a0Nig\u00e9rie je zem\u00ed ECOWAS s nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vojenskou silou, bez Nig\u00e9rie by v\u00e1lka proti Nigeru byla nemysliteln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA vs Francie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Z\u00e1jmy v regionu maj\u00ed i USA, i kdy\u017e jin\u00e9 ne\u017e Francie.\u00a0USA cht\u011bj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it svou politickou a vojenskou moc v Africe, zat\u00edmco Francie m\u00e1 hmatateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, proto\u017ee Francie st\u00e1le prosperuje z vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch b\u00fdval\u00fdch koloni\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzskou vl\u00e1du proto pon\u011bkud \u0161okovalo, kdy\u017e USA prosazovaly m\u00edrov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v Nigeru, ani\u017e by v\u00fdslovn\u011b trvaly na znovuobsazen\u00ed nigerijsk\u00e9ho prezidenta, jak to d\u011bl\u00e1 Francie, proto\u017ee bez n\u011bj by ztratila levn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k nigersk\u00fdm surovin\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Na druhou stranu se zd\u00e1, \u017ee USA to tolik nezaj\u00edm\u00e1, pro n\u011b m\u00e1 z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159ednost jejich vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna v Nigeru, odkud USA \u0159\u00edd\u00ed sv\u00e9 drony v regionu.\u00a0Pokud budou pu\u010dist\u00e9 nad\u00e1le d\u00e1vat USA volnou ruku, USA by se z\u0159ejm\u011b mohly s pu\u010disty vyrovnat, co\u017e by bylo pro Francii nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud je jejich vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna prioritou pro USA, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee USA necht\u011bj\u00ed v\u00e1lku v Nigeru, ve kter\u00e9 si mo\u017en\u00e1 budou muset vybrat stranu nebo o svou z\u00e1kladnu p\u0159ij\u00edt.\u00a0Vid\u00edme tedy velkou roztr\u017eku mezi Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a Washingtonem v ot\u00e1zce d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro Francii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm se zd\u00e1, \u017ee Francie zvy\u0161uje sv\u016fj tlak na ECOWAS, aby podniklo vojenskou akci.\u00a0Alespo\u0148 to\u00a0<\/span>hl\u00e1s\u00ed m\u00e9dia z regionu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: Francie chce pou\u017e\u00edt vojenskou operaci ECOWAS proti Nigeru k \u00fatoku na Niger.\u00a0Zd\u00e1 se tedy, \u017ee Francie chce vojensky bojovat na stran\u011b ECOWAS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Macron\u016fv pohled<\/span><\/h3>\n

Francouzsk\u00fd prezident Macron p\u0159ednesl projev k francouzsk\u00fdm velvyslanc\u016fm v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se dotkl i Nigeru.\u00a0Mimochodem, francouzsk\u00fd velvyslanec v Nigeru tam nemohl b\u00fdt, proto\u017ee ho Niger vyhnal, co\u017e Francie odm\u00edtla, a francouzsk\u00fd velvyslanec te\u010f uv\u00edzl se sv\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnanci\u00a0<\/span>na francouzsk\u00e9 ambas\u00e1d\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee pu\u010dist\u00e9 od\u0159\u00edzli ambas\u00e1d\u011b elekt\u0159inu a vodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Macron\u016fv projev p\u016fsobiv\u011b uk\u00e1zal koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m Francie st\u00e1le uv\u00edzla.\u00a0<\/span>Znovu hovo\u0159il<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o podpo\u0159e \u201ediplomatick\u00fdch a, bude-li rozhodnuto, i vojensk\u00fdch aktivit ECOWAS\u201c.\u00a0Oslovil tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo obyvatele Nigeru a vyzval je, aby nepodlehli tvrzen\u00ed pu\u010dist\u016f, \u017ee \u201eFrancie se stala na\u0161\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtelem\u201c.\u00a0\u0158ekl, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00edm probl\u00e9mem Nigerijc\u016f je to, \u017ee rebelov\u00e9 je \u201evystavuj\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee odm\u00edtaj\u00ed bojovat proti terorismu, opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 politiky, kter\u00e9 jsou pro n\u011b p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9, a t\u00edm, \u017ee ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 k nim p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed z…by pom\u00e1haly chudob\u011b. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

V Nigeru by tato slova m\u011bla b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako \u010dist\u00fd v\u00fdsm\u011bch, proto\u017ee jak\u00e1 \u201eekonomick\u00e1 politika\u201c je pro Nigerijce \u201ev\u00fdhodn\u00e1\u201c, kdy\u017e obyvatelstvo zem\u011b tak bohat\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje str\u00e1d\u00e1, proto\u017ee Francie tyto suroviny t\u011b\u017e\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

A \u017ee \u201ep\u0159ijdou o v\u0161echny mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed fondy, kter\u00e9 by je vyvedly z chudoby\u201c, je tak\u00e9 \u010dir\u00fd v\u00fdsm\u011bch, proto\u017ee zat\u00edm tyto \u201emezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed fondy\u201c chudobu v Nigeru nezm\u011bnily.\u00a0A to, \u017ee je Nigerijci ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed, je zp\u016fsobeno sankcemi proti Nigeru, kter\u00e9 jsou uvalov\u00e1ny nejen kv\u016fli francouzsk\u00e9mu tlaku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spor s USA zazn\u011bl i v Macronov\u011b projevu, kdy\u017e kritizoval koment\u00e1\u0159e \u201ez Washingtonu a dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch metropol\u00ed\u201c a m\u00e9di\u00ed, \u017ee Francie p\u0159ehnan\u011b podporuje prezidenta Bazouma.\u00a0To byla jasn\u00e1 kritika Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 se z\u0159ejm\u011b mohly sm\u00ed\u0159it s pu\u010disty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Macron hovo\u0159il o tom, \u017ee Sahel zas\u00e1hla \u201eepidemie p\u0159evratu\u201c.\u00a0Jeho projev tak\u00e9 obsahoval otev\u0159enou hrozbu vl\u00e1d\u00e1m st\u00e1t\u016f ECOWAS:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePokud ECOWAS shod\u00ed prezidenta Bazouma, v\u0161ichni prezidenti v regionu si pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b uv\u011bdom\u00ed, jak\u00fd osud je \u010dek\u00e1.\u00a0A slabost, kter\u00e1 se projevila p\u0159ed minul\u00fdmi p\u0159evraty, podpo\u0159ila sentiment v regionu.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Macron tedy pln\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee tamn\u00ed sentiment je \u201eroz\u017ehaven\u00fd\u201c (\u010dti protifrancouzsk\u00fd), ale spojil to s implicitn\u00ed hrozbou: pokud se st\u00e1ty ECOWAS nepostav\u00ed pu\u010dist\u016fm, mohly by b\u00fdt vedle nich a mohly by je porazit jejich vlastn\u00ed lidi, ani\u017e by jim Francie pom\u00e1hala.\u00a0Probl\u00e9m vl\u00e1d ECOWAS je v\u0161ak v tom, \u017ee se to m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t i jim v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fatoku na Niger.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed proto v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jist\u00e9, \u017ee st\u00e1ty ECOWAS skute\u010dn\u011b za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed na Niger, proto\u017ee jejich vl\u00e1dy stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed volbou mezi morem a cholerou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

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Situace kolem p\u0159evratu v Nigeru je nep\u0159ehledn\u00e1.\u00a0ECOWAS na jednu stranu hroz\u00ed vojenskou intervenc\u00ed, ale na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":35028,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,5615,130,5557,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35027"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35027\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}