{"id":34803,"date":"2023-08-27T00:59:40","date_gmt":"2023-08-26T22:59:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=34803"},"modified":"2023-08-26T16:36:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-26T14:36:52","slug":"kolonialni-dedictvi-francie-a-bezpecnostni-obavy-usa-se-protinaji-v-nigeru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/27\/kolonialni-dedictvi-francie-a-bezpecnostni-obavy-usa-se-protinaji-v-nigeru\/","title":{"rendered":"Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed Francie a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed obavy USA se prot\u00ednaj\u00ed v Nigeru"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rusov\u00e9 p\u0159ed branami hledaj\u00ed nov\u00e1 lovi\u0161t\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vojensk\u00fd p\u0159evrat v Nigeru je ji\u017e t\u0159i t\u00fddny star\u00fd.\u00a0Pu\u010dist\u00e9 upev\u0148uj\u00ed svou vl\u00e1du pot\u00e9, co z\u00edskali p\u0159evahu ve st\u00ednov\u00e9 h\u0159e s Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm spole\u010denstv\u00edm z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (ECOWAS), kter\u00e9mu pom\u00e1haj\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti pusto\u0161\u00edc\u00ed tento zoufale chud\u00fd z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd st\u00e1t bohat\u00fd na zdroje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyhl\u00eddky na znovuobsazen\u00ed proz\u00e1padn\u00edho prezidenta Mohameda Bazouma v Nigeru jsou chmurn\u00e9.\u00a0Etnick\u00fd Arab s malou mocenskou z\u00e1kladnou v p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b africk\u00e9 zemi poch\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u0159ist\u011bhovaleck\u00e9ho kmene Ouled Slimane, kter\u00fd byl historicky p\u00e1tou kolonou Francie v Sahelu.<\/span><\/p>\n

ECOWAS ztratilo iniciativu, kdy\u017e v\u016fdci p\u0159evratu zme\u0161kali sv\u016fj term\u00edn 6. srpna, aby Bazouma propustili a znovu dosadili pod hrozbou vojensk\u00e9 akce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pu\u010d v Nigeru byl tak\u00e9 poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011bchem pro Francii a stra\u0161liv\u00fdm dramatem pro prezidenta Emmanuela Macrona osobn\u011b, proto\u017ee ztratil sv\u00e9ho nejlep\u0161\u00edho zast\u00e1nce francouzsk\u00e9 neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky v Africe.\u00a0Macron nal\u00e9hal na ECOWAS, aby napadl Niger a zachr\u00e1nil Bazoum.\u00a0\u0160patn\u011b odhadl n\u00e1ladu za p\u0159evratem a vsadil na to, \u017ee nigerijsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se rozpadne.\u00a0Jeho p\u0159ehnan\u00e1 reakce se zv\u00fd\u0161ila, kdy\u017e pu\u010dist\u00e9 p\u0159es noc zru\u0161ili vojensk\u00e9 smlouvy s Franci\u00ed.\u00a0A latentn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Francii rostlo, co\u017e donutilo Macrona p\u0159enechat veden\u00ed Washingtonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejen Francie, ale i z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti jako celek nedok\u00e1\u017eou pochopit, \u017ee africk\u00fd lid m\u00e1 d\u00edky n\u00e1siln\u00fdm a tvrd\u011b zpochyb\u0148ovan\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u011b osvobozeneck\u00fdm hnut\u00edm vysoce zpolitizovan\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed.\u00a0Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee Afrika se rychle p\u0159izp\u016fsobila prostoru, kter\u00fd se otev\u0159el pro jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u00fdval\u00fdmi koloni\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u00e1ny v multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minul\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed se gener\u00e1l Abdourahmane Tchiani, skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u016fdce p\u0159evratu, odm\u00edtl setkat s \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed americkou ministryn\u00ed zahrani\u010d\u00ed Victori\u00ed Nulandovou.\u00a0Nulandov\u00e1 a dal\u0161\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1dali o osobn\u00ed sch\u016fzku s Bazoum, ale tato \u017e\u00e1dost byla rovn\u011b\u017e zam\u00edtnuta.\u00a0M\u00edsto toho se Nulandov\u00e1 musela vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s velitelem nigerijsk\u00fdch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch jednotek a jedn\u00edm z v\u016fdc\u016f p\u0159evratu, brig\u00e1dn\u00edm gener\u00e1lem.\u00a0Gener\u00e1l Moussa Salaou Barmou, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako \u0161\u00e9f obrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee Barmou nav\u0161t\u011bvoval US National Defense University a byl vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n ve Fort Benning v Georgii.\u00a0Junta zjevn\u011b doufala v dialog s Washingtonem.\u00a0Intercept od t\u00e9 doby odhalil, \u017ee Barmou nebyl jedin\u00fdm nigerijsk\u00fdm gener\u00e1lem vycvi\u010den\u00fdm v USA zapojen\u00fdm do p\u0159evratu.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ed\u0161e se v n\u011bm: \u201eDva t\u00fddny po p\u0159evratu v Nigeru ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed st\u00e1le neposkytlo seznam vzbou\u0159enc\u016f napojen\u00fdch na USA, ale jin\u00fd americk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk potvrdil, \u017ee existuje \u201ep\u011bt jedinc\u016f, u kter\u00fdch jsme identifikovali, \u017ee absolvovali v\u00fdcvik [americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy]. \u201c Pochopiteln\u011b, Washington dr\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 karty na zemi a nech\u00e1v\u00e1 Rusy ve tm\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

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USA \u010del\u00ed v Nigeru chaotick\u00e9 situaci.\u00a0Jejich priority jsou dvoj\u00ed: zaprv\u00e9 zablokovat jak\u00e9koli rusk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed nahradit francouzsk\u00fd kontingent v Nigeru st\u00edha\u010dkami Wagner a zadruh\u00e9 zachovat t\u0159i z\u00e1kladny v Nigeru, a\u0165 se d\u011bje, co se d\u011bje.\u00a0Pokud Bidenova administrativa ofici\u00e1ln\u011b neozna\u010dila vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159evzet\u00ed v Nigeru za p\u0159evrat, je to proto, \u017ee takov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed by znemo\u017enilo dal\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pomoc Nigeru, kde je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee USA maj\u00ed 1100 voj\u00e1k\u016f a co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, Z\u00e1kladna s drony se vyzna\u010duje jako Air Force Base 201 pobl\u00ed\u017e Agadez v centr\u00e1ln\u00edm Nigeru, kter\u00e1 byla postavena za cenu v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 milion\u016f $ a od roku 2018 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro operace v Sahelu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy agentury Reuters: \u201eJeden z americk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f \u0159ekl, \u017ee pokud se Wagnerovi bojovn\u00edci objev\u00ed v Nigeru, neznamen\u00e1 to automaticky, \u017ee se americk\u00e9 s\u00edly mus\u00ed st\u00e1hnout.\u201c \u00da\u0159edn\u00edk hovo\u0159il o sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i, ve kter\u00e9m n\u011bkolik zast\u00e1vek a tucet Wagner\u016f Je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by bojovn\u00edci v nigersk\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Niamey ovlivnili americkou vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost, ale \u201epokud se tis\u00edce bojovn\u00edk\u016f Wagner roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00e9 zemi, v\u010detn\u011b okol\u00ed Agadezu, mohlo by to b\u00fdt kv\u016fli bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm obav\u00e1m o Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.\u201c Americk\u00fd person\u00e1l se dostane do probl\u00e9m\u016f. Bez ohledu na to USA nastav\u00ed la\u0165ku pro rozhodnut\u00ed opustit zemi vysoko.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to bizarn\u00ed st\u00ednov\u00e9 h\u0159e mezi Washingtonem a Moskvou nesm\u00ed USA tla\u010dit na vojenskou intervenci ECOWAS v Nigeru, jinak by se jejich vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Nigeru stala neudr\u017eitelnou.\u00a0Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee pu\u010dist\u00e9 v Niamey byli dost chyt\u0159\u00ed na to, aby nepo\u017eadovali sta\u017een\u00ed americk\u00fdch jednotek z Nigeru.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to bez\u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 situaci nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm st\u0159ede\u010dn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed americk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e1 americk\u00e1 velvyslankyn\u011b v Nigeru Kathleen FitzGibbonov\u00e1 \u2013 d\u0159\u00edve \u010d\u00edslo dv\u011b na velvyslanectv\u00ed v Nig\u00e9rii \u2013 p\u0159ijede do Niamey koncem tohoto t\u00fddne.\u00a0Je to sign\u00e1l d\u016fv\u011bry Washingtonu v pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed situace.\u00a0Z\u00e1stupce mluv\u010d\u00edho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Vedant Patel novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm \u0159ekl, \u017ee nepl\u00e1nuje, \u017ee by nov\u00e1 velvyslankyn\u011b p\u0159edala sv\u00e9 pov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed listiny pu\u010dist\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm se v pond\u011bl\u00ed v Addis Abeb\u011b se\u0161la Rada pro m\u00edr a bezpe\u010dnost Africk\u00e9 unie, org\u00e1n odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed bloku, a odm\u00edtla n\u00e1vrh ECOWAS na vojenskou intervenci v Nigeru.\u00a0N\u011bkolik \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed a severn\u00ed Afriky je \u201ep\u0159\u00edsn\u011b proti jak\u00e9koli vojensk\u00e9 intervenci\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b vzato, tento v\u00fdvoj zanechal ECOWAS pozadu.\u00a0Aby toho nebylo m\u00e1lo, pu\u010dist\u00e9 nyn\u00ed ozn\u00e1mili sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br soudit Bazouma za \u201ezradu\u201c a podkop\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti.\u00a0Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee vojensk\u00fd re\u017eim tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eshrom\u00e1\u017edil nezbytn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy k st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed svr\u017een\u00e9ho prezidenta a jeho m\u00edstn\u00edch i zahrani\u010dn\u00edch komplic\u016f p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bazoum je ob\u017ealov\u00e1n pot\u00e9, co po p\u0159evratu vedl rozhovory s vysok\u00fdmi p\u0159edstaviteli z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky a \u201ejejich mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi mentory\u201c, kter\u00e9 v\u016fdci p\u0159evratu obvi\u0148uj\u00ed z fale\u0161n\u00fdch obvin\u011bn\u00ed a pokusu zma\u0159it m\u00edrov\u00fd p\u0159echod k ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 intervence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj a rostouc\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed opozice v Nig\u00e9rii, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti vede ECOWAS, donutily prezidenta Bola Tinubua zm\u011bnit sv\u016fj postoj k vojensk\u00e9 intervenci.\u00a0Mocn\u00e1 nigerijsk\u00e1 delegace slo\u017een\u00e1 z vysoce postaven\u00fdch isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch duchovn\u00edch odcestovala do Nigeru, aby zde jednala s juntou, kter\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u011b souhlasila s dialogem s ECOWAS o tom, jak v zemi postupovat.\u00a0ECOWAS postupem \u010dasu ztr\u00e1c\u00ed iniciativu, co\u017e je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro pu\u010disty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco \u0161patn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch, buj\u00edc\u00ed korupce, eskaluj\u00edc\u00ed chudoba a nejistota vytvo\u0159ily podm\u00ednky pro p\u0159evraty v Sahelu, hlub\u0161\u00edm faktorem je geopolitika p\u0159\u00edstupu ke zdroj\u016fm a kontroly zdroj\u016f.\u00a0Ciz\u00ed mocnosti sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed o prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrolu bohat\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v Nigeru a \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm subregionu nepochybn\u011b zhor\u0161uje geopolitick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 soupe\u0159en\u00ed mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem.\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriku pron\u00e1sleduje stra\u0161idlo, \u017ee z\u00e1stupn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka mezi Ruskem a USA by se mohla snadno vpl\u00ed\u017eit do Afriky, kde jsou ji\u017e rozm\u00edst\u011bni ru\u0161t\u00ed \u017eold\u00e1ci a z\u00e1padn\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed jednotky pro nov\u00e9 \u00fakoly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Melkulangara Bhadrakumar<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Rusov\u00e9 p\u0159ed branami hledaj\u00ed nov\u00e1 lovi\u0161t\u011b Vojensk\u00fd p\u0159evrat v Nigeru je ji\u017e t\u0159i t\u00fddny star\u00fd.\u00a0Pu\u010dist\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33577,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[130,5557,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34803"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34803\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}