{"id":34711,"date":"2023-08-25T05:03:02","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T03:03:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=34711"},"modified":"2023-08-25T05:03:02","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T03:03:02","slug":"v-eu-dnes-vstupuje-v-platnost-novy-zakon-o-cenzure-socialnich-medii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/25\/v-eu-dnes-vstupuje-v-platnost-novy-zakon-o-cenzure-socialnich-medii\/","title":{"rendered":"V EU dnes vstupuje v platnost nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon o cenzu\u0159e soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V p\u00e1tek vstoupil v platnost nov\u00fd cenzurn\u00ed z\u00e1kon EU, z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA), kter\u00fd masivn\u011b zp\u0159\u00edsn\u00ed cenzuru na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.\u00a0Od t\u00e9to chv\u00edle EU ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ur\u010duje, co je pravda a co je \u201edezinformace\u201c nebo \u201eprorusk\u00e1 propaganda\u201c, a proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt cenzurov\u00e1na.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

EU zah\u00e1jila novou \u00e9ru cenzury, kdy\u017e dnes vstoupil v platnost z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA), kter\u00fd nut\u00ed hlavn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia co nejd\u0159\u00edve vymazat \u201edezinformace\u201c nebo \u201eproruskou propagandu\u201c.\u00a0Facebook a YouTube byly v t\u00e9to oblasti v anticipa\u010dn\u00ed poslu\u0161nosti, nyn\u00ed jsou k tomu dokonce nuceny.\u00a0O tom, jak\u00e1 je \u00fadajn\u00e1 pravda, se ned\u00e1 vyjedn\u00e1vat a ur\u010duje ji Evropsk\u00e1 komise.\u00a0Jin\u00fdmi slovy, z\u00e1kon d\u00e1v\u00e1 Evropsk\u00e9 komisi pr\u00e1vo smazat jak\u00fdkoli politicky necht\u011bn\u00fd n\u00e1zor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdr\u017e\u00edm se dal\u0161\u00edch koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f, dokud se nedo\u010dk\u00e1me prvn\u00edch \u201e\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f\u201c cenzury, kterou nyn\u00ed v EU vy\u017eaduje z\u00e1kon.\u00a0P\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1m proto\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1vu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rusk\u00e9 tiskov\u00e9 agentury TASS, kter\u00e1 obvykl\u00fdm faktografick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem shrnuje, o \u010dem je z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eb\u011b (DSA).<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek p\u0159ekladu:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

V EU za\u010dne platit z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd zp\u0159\u00edsn\u00ed kontroly na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch<\/span><\/h3>\n

Komisa\u0159 pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed trh Thierry Breton uvedl, \u017ee boj proti dezinformac\u00edm a ochrana d\u011bt\u00ed bude prioritou<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V p\u00e1tek vstoup\u00ed v EU v platnost z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA), kter\u00fd v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje kontrolu nad 19 hlavn\u00edmi platformami v\u010detn\u011b TikTok, X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter), Instagramu, YouTube, Google a Amazon Store.\u00a0Podle Thierryho Bretona, komisa\u0159e EU pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed trh, bude prioritami nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona ochrana d\u011bt\u00ed a boj proti dezinformac\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b \u201eprorusk\u00e9 propagandy\u201c.\u00a0https:\/\/tass.ru\/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama\/18584199<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eDSA vstupuje v platnost.\u00a0Skute\u010dn\u00fd test za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nyn\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Breton.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uvedl, \u017ee od 25. srpna bude Evropsk\u00e1 komise v\u0161echny tyto platformy prov\u011b\u0159ovat, aby zajistila, \u017ee jsou v souladu s evropsk\u00fdmi pravidly nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed je bude sankcionovat.\u00a0\u201eJ\u00e1 a moje slu\u017eby budeme d\u016fkladn\u011b prosazovat dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed DSA a pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat na\u0161ich nov\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed k vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a sankcionov\u00e1n\u00ed platforem tam, kde je to vhodn\u00e9.\u00a0Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed DSA nen\u00ed trestem, ale p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro platformy zlep\u0161it svou spolehlivost,\u201c dodal komisa\u0159.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Priority z\u00e1kona<\/span><\/h4>\n

Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon v\u00fdrazn\u011b zp\u0159\u00edsn\u00ed kontroly na 19 n\u00e1stupi\u0161t\u00edch.\u00a0Jedn\u00e1 se o AliExpress, Amazon Store, AppStore, Bing, Booking, Facebook, Instagram, Google Maps, Google Play, Google Search, Google Shopping, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Snapchat, TikTok, X, Wikipedia, YouTube a Zalando.<\/span><\/p>\n

Breton uvedl, \u017ee priority nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fdmi volbami v EU v roce 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poznamenal v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u201eum\u00edrn\u011bnost obsahu neznamen\u00e1 cenzuru\u201c.\u00a0\u201eV Evrop\u011b nebude \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ministerstvo pravdy.\u00a0Bude transparentnost: algoritmick\u00e9 procesy, roboti, c\u00edlen\u00e1 reklama, kter\u00e1 umoc\u0148uje obsah,\u201c \u0159ekl eurokomisa\u0159.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Bretona nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b evropsk\u00e9 demokracie.\u00a0\u201eDSA je navr\u017eena tak, aby chr\u00e1nila svobodu projevu p\u0159ed sv\u00e9voln\u00fdmi rozhodnut\u00edmi a z\u00e1rove\u0148 chr\u00e1nila na\u0161e ob\u010dany a demokracie.\u00a0Je \u010das zajistit, aby se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 online platforma nechovala tak, \u017ee je \u201ap\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1 na to, aby ji to zaj\u00edmalo\u2018,\u201c \u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 pravidla<\/span><\/h4>\n

V\u0161ech 19 spole\u010dnost\u00ed mus\u00ed splnit zcela nov\u00fd soubor povinnost\u00ed v r\u00e1mci DSA zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na pos\u00edlen\u00ed a ochranu pr\u00e1v a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f internetu, v\u010detn\u011b nezletil\u00fdch,\u201c uvedla Evropsk\u00e1 komise.\u00a0Nov\u00e1 pravidla vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby spole\u010dnosti vyhodnocovaly a zm\u00edr\u0148ovaly syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 rizika a poskytovaly robustn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro moderov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon pos\u00edl\u00ed kontroly ve \u010dty\u0159ech oblastech.\u00a0Prvn\u00ed oblast nab\u00eddne u\u017eivatel\u016fm platforem \u201edal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti\u201c.\u00a0\u201eU\u017eivatel\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 informace o tom, pro\u010d se jim doporu\u010duj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 informace, a maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo odhl\u00e1sit se ze syst\u00e9m\u016f doporu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na profilech.\u00a0U\u017eivatel\u00e9 budou moci snadno hl\u00e1sit neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah a platformy mus\u00ed s takov\u00fdmi hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi zach\u00e1zet opatrn\u011b,\u201c uvedla Evropsk\u00e1 komise v prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0„Reklamy se nesm\u00ed zobrazovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b citliv\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o u\u017eivatel\u00edch (jako je rasa, politick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory nebo sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed orientace) a platformy mus\u00ed v\u0161echny reklamy ozna\u010dovat a informovat u\u017eivatele, kdo je zobrazuje.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 oblast se t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u201esiln\u00e9 ochrany nezletil\u00fdch\u201c.\u00a0\u201ePlatformy pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed p\u0159epracovat sv\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, aby zajistily nezletil\u00fdm vysokou \u00farove\u0148 soukrom\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnosti;\u00a0C\u00edlen\u00e1 reklama zalo\u017een\u00e1 na profilov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed ji\u017e nen\u00ed povolena,\u201c uvedla Evropsk\u00e1 komise.\u00a0Hodnocen\u00ed rizik, v\u010detn\u011b negativn\u00edho dopadu na du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159edlo\u017eeno Evropsk\u00e9 komisi do \u010dty\u0159 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a zve\u0159ejn\u011bno nejpozd\u011bji do jednoho roku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon tak\u00e9 zajist\u00ed \u201ep\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed moderov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu a m\u00e9n\u011b dezinformac\u00ed\u201c.\u00a0\u201ePlatformy a vyhled\u00e1va\u010de mus\u00ed p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rizik spojen\u00fdch s \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho obsahu online a negativn\u00edho dopadu na svobodu projevu a informac\u00ed;\u00a0platformy mus\u00ed m\u00edt jasn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a zajistit, aby byly prosazov\u00e1ny d\u016fkladn\u011b a nikoli sv\u00e9voln\u011b;\u00a0platformy mus\u00ed m\u00edt mechanismus, kter\u00fd u\u017eivatel\u016fm umo\u017en\u00ed ozna\u010dovat nez\u00e1konn\u00fd obsah a rychle reagovat na hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed;\u00a0Platformy mus\u00ed analyzovat sv\u00e1 specifick\u00e1 rizika a p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed k jejich zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v boji proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jejich slu\u017eeb.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

A kone\u010dn\u011b, nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon znamen\u00e1 \u201ev\u011bt\u0161\u00ed transparentnost a odpov\u011bdnost\u201c.\u00a0\u201ePlatformy mus\u00ed zajistit, aby jejich hodnocen\u00ed rizik a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech povinnost\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch z DSA byly extern\u011b a nez\u00e1visle auditov\u00e1ny.\u00a0Mus\u00ed poskytnout v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup k ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v budoucnu bude vytvo\u0159en speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismus pro prov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed Evropsk\u00e1 komise.\u00a0Platformy jsou tak\u00e9 povinny zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat zpr\u00e1vy o transparentnosti ohledn\u011b moderov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu a rozhodnut\u00ed o \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1klady na p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou kontrolu<\/span><\/h4>\n

Podle Romaina Badouarda, odborn\u00edka na informa\u010dn\u00ed technologie a komunikaci a profesora na Univerzit\u011b Paris II, nelze p\u0159edv\u00eddat, jak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd tento z\u00e1kon bude, ale je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee evropsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady nebudou schopny pochopit kroky ovl\u00e1dat nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky tak, jak by je cht\u011bli m\u00edt pod kontrolou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na ot\u00e1zky port\u00e1lu 20minutes odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee \u201ezv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 moderov\u00e1n\u00ed na internetu by skute\u010dn\u011b mohla ohrozit svobodu projevu\u201c.\u00a0„Tato hrozba je v\u0161ak prim\u00e1rn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1: platformy pod v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm tlakem se uch\u00fdl\u00ed k nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu um\u00edrn\u011bnosti a ze strachu z pokut odeberou obsah,“ \u0159ekl Badouard.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z ambici\u00f3zn\u00edch ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona je tak\u00e9 harmonizace pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f upravuj\u00edc\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia a sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f v cel\u00e9 EU.\u00a0\u201eVzhledem k velk\u00fdm rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi zem\u011bmi EU bude extr\u00e9mn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 to uv\u00e9st do praxe.\u00a0Budou platformy v\u0161ude hr\u00e1t stejnou hru s v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee podm\u00ednky pro implementaci ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona nebudou v\u0161ude stejn\u00e9?\u00a0Jde o jednu z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch povinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 oslabuj\u00ed z\u00e1kon,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 odborn\u00edk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem je p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm na platform\u00e1ch.\u00a0Z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce m\u00e1 k t\u011bmto \u00fadaj\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup, aby je mohl zkoumat.\u00a0\u201eZat\u00edmco je audit pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n, nev\u00edme, jak bude prob\u00edhat ani k jak\u00fdm datov\u00fdm regul\u00e1tor\u016fm budou m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup.\u00a0V\u0161echno je to dost nejasn\u00e9.\u00a0Rizikem je, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b d\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze zd\u00e1n\u00ed transparentnosti,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Badouard.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Floriana Philippota, francouzsk\u00e9ho politika a v\u016fdce strany Patriots, je DSA extr\u00e9mn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd povede k cenzu\u0159e soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed v cel\u00e9 EU.\u00a0„Thierry Breton a jeho evropsk\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed DSA \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zablokuj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia,“ \u0159ekl a dodal, \u017ee to povede k „audit\u016fm a jak\u00e9musi z\u00e1sahu proti platform\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 dostate\u010dn\u011b necenzuruj\u00ed obsah.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Den\u00edk France Soir popisuje DSA jako evropsk\u00fd pokus o zaveden\u00ed autocenzury na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.\u00a0Podle autor\u016f den\u00edku by z\u00e1kon mohl poru\u0161ovat jedno z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ustanoven\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, podle kter\u00e9ho je svoboda projevu pravidlem a jeho poru\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou, „ale tento p\u00e1tek by se v\u011bci mohly radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnit“.<\/span><\/p>\n

konec p\u0159ekladu<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

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V p\u00e1tek vstoupil v platnost nov\u00fd cenzurn\u00ed z\u00e1kon EU, z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA), kter\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[63,41,3338,609],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34711"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34711"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34711\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34711"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34711"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}