{"id":34299,"date":"2023-08-19T01:04:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T23:04:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=34299"},"modified":"2023-08-18T14:26:43","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T12:26:43","slug":"eu-se-chysta-diktovat-co-lide-mohou-videt-na-internetu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/19\/eu-se-chysta-diktovat-co-lide-mohou-videt-na-internetu\/","title":{"rendered":"EU se chyst\u00e1 diktovat, co lid\u00e9 mohou vid\u011bt na internetu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nenechme se oklamat.\u00a0Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) u\u017e nen\u00ed ve v\u0161em (pozitivn\u00ed) na \u0161pici \u2013 technologicky se vman\u00e9vrovala do kouta nepodstatnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pozorovatel\u00e9 se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich pl\u00e1ny na umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed masivn\u00ed online cenzury a s n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 \u201einovace\u201c jdou nejen podle pl\u00e1nu, ale maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u0161anci z\u00edskat celosv\u011btovou akceptaci a vrhnout EU do tohoto nelichotiv\u00e9ho sv\u011btla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd se nyn\u00ed v t\u00e9to souvislosti dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu, je z\u00e1kon EU o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA), kter\u00fd stanovil kone\u010dn\u00fd term\u00edn na 25. srpna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon existuje ji\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu \u2013 a dokonce i v samotn\u00e9 Evrop\u011b existuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 obavy a kritika ohledn\u011b jeho \u00fa\u010dink\u016f.\u00a0Ale nyn\u00ed si tuto velikost uv\u011bdomuje i zbytek sv\u011bta, vezmeme-li v \u00favahu, \u017ee do konce srpna budou v\u0161echny takzvan\u00e9 Very Large Online Platforms (VLOP, v jazyce EU) a Very Large Online Engines (VLOSE, ve stejn\u00e9m dystopick\u00e9m jazyce) ) za\u010dne muset dodr\u017eovat pravidla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne v\u0161ichni, ale p\u0159esto v\u011bt\u0161ina poch\u00e1z\u00ed z USA.\u00a0A nyn\u00ed vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: Jak p\u0159esn\u011b to m\u00e1 fungovat?<\/span><\/p>\n

Abychom byli spravedliv\u00ed, je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee tvrdit, \u017ee Facebook, Google a spol. neprov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed masovou cenzuru, a\u0165 u\u017e s mand\u00e1tem EU nebo bez n\u011bj.\u00a0Ale je to jin\u00fd druh masov\u00e9 cenzury, kdy\u017e se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed jin\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi a pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi precedenty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje dlouh\u00fd seznam glob\u00e1ln\u00edch \u201eVLOP\u201c a \u201eVLOSE\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed \u2013 jak se zd\u00e1 \u2013 budou brzy \u010delit vysok\u00fdm pokut\u00e1m v cel\u00e9 EU, pokud se nep\u0159ipoj\u00ed k bloku, co\u017e n\u011bkdy vypad\u00e1, \u017ee hled\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fd \u00fa\u010del (mo\u017en\u00e1 je to cenzura, cynici by mohli \u0159\u00edct ).<\/span><\/p>\n

Je to v\u0161echno o tom, \u010demu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 dezinformace a nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy.\u00a0A mazat, ni\u010dit, odstra\u0148ovat z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho prostoru cokoli, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 EU, je pr\u00e1v\u011b to.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon se prezentuje jako maj\u00e1k po\u0159\u00e1dku v divok\u00e9m digit\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0Pod pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edkem u\u0161lechtil\u00fdch \u00famysl\u016f se v\u0161ak skr\u00fdv\u00e1 mechanismus, o kter\u00e9m n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kritici v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00e1\u017en\u011b podkope samotn\u00e9 z\u00e1klady demokratick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed: nedotknuteln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na svobodu slova.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9m zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed chr\u00e1nit digit\u00e1ln\u00ed populaci p\u0159ed dezinformacemi a nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdmi projevy si DSA ud\u011bluje znepokojiv\u00e9 pravomoci nad moderov\u00e1n\u00edm obsahu platformy.\u00a0To je velmi znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed: jsme sv\u011bdky vzestupu digit\u00e1ln\u00edho dozorce, kter\u00fd vrh\u00e1 sv\u016fj st\u00edn na otev\u0159en\u00fd diskurz, kter\u00fd jsme si kdysi v\u00e1\u017eili?\u00a0Z\u00e1sada, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje, aby platformy rychle odstranily \u201eneleg\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c obsah, je matouc\u00ed past\u00ed.\u00a0Koneckonc\u016f, co odli\u0161uje \u201eneleg\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c od jednodu\u0161e nepopul\u00e1rn\u00edho nebo provokativn\u00edho?<\/span><\/p>\n

Platformy, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u016fstat ve prosp\u011bch regul\u00e1tor\u016f, se mohou brzy rozhodnout pro agresivn\u00ed cenzuru, aby obe\u0161ly represivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky z\u00e1kona.\u00a0V\u00fdsledek je p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd: dusn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m by nesouhlasn\u00e9 hlasy, kontroverzn\u00ed n\u00e1zory nebo dokonce pr\u016flomov\u00e9 my\u0161lenky mohly b\u00fdt potla\u010deny nikoli z\u00e1sluhou, ale p\u0159\u00edzrakem algoritmick\u00e9 nebo byrokratick\u00e9 odvety.\u00a0Men\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i a utla\u010dovan\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edvoj nov\u00fdch perspektiv, jsou nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a mohli by b\u00fdt v tomto represivn\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm re\u017eimu uml\u010deni.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nav\u00edc se zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ep\u0159ehledn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c mechanismus st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed DSA je pro u\u017eivatele m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00fd ne\u017e matouc\u00ed byrokracie.\u00a0Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed si cht\u011bj\u00ed st\u011b\u017eovat, by se mohli brzy utopit v mo\u0159i byrokracie a d\u00e1le potla\u010dovat sv\u016fj hlas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odkaz na transparentnost algoritm\u016f a \u00fadajn\u00e9 zmocn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f v oblasti personalizovan\u00e9 reklamy se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159inejlep\u0161\u00edm povrchn\u00edm gestem.\u00a0Bez hlubok\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch algoritm\u016f je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd u\u017eivatel bezmocn\u00fd, tak\u017ee \u201ezmocn\u011bn\u00ed\u201c DSA je jen o m\u00e1lo v\u00edc ne\u017e pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 r\u00e9torika.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sm\u011blost, s jakou EU p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA) jako uk\u00e1zkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad digit\u00e1ln\u00edho protekcionismu, nelze p\u0159ece\u0148ovat.\u00a0I kdy\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v masce ochrany u\u017eivatel\u016f, p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed se DSA uk\u00e1\u017ee jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed cenzurn\u00ed apar\u00e1t, kter\u00fd by mohl p\u0159edefinovat evropsk\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed hranice v nedemokratick\u00e9m a restriktivn\u00edm sv\u011btle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uva\u017eujme o dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdch d\u016fsledc\u00edch takov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona v dob\u011b, kter\u00e1 prosp\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b informac\u00ed.\u00a0Internet byl oslavov\u00e1n jako posledn\u00ed velk\u00e1 ba\u0161ta svobody slova, demokratick\u00fd prostor, kde lze bez obav sd\u00edlet nekonven\u010dn\u00ed nebo p\u0159evratn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky.\u00a0DSA v\u0161ak svou zd\u00e1nliv\u011b neukojitelnou touhou po kontrole hroz\u00ed, \u017ee tuto svobodu omez\u00ed.\u00a0Kdy\u017e jsou platformy nuceny k preemptivn\u00ed cenzu\u0159e, kde dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed otev\u0159en\u00fdm diskursem, p\u0159ibli\u017eujeme se k digit\u00e1ln\u00ed orwellovsk\u00e9 realit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bt vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za svou vitalitu rozmanitosti hlas\u016f, pohled\u016f a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, kter\u00e9 jej zapl\u0148uj\u00ed.\u00a0Ale s r\u00fdsuj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed DSA existuje riziko, \u017ee se to v\u0161echno zm\u011bn\u00ed v monochromatick\u00fd, p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd bude odr\u00e1\u017eet pouze sentimenty schv\u00e1len\u00e9 byrokratickou elitou.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1le nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt opomenut mo\u017en\u00fd dopad z\u00e1kona na inovace.\u00a0Kdy\u017e budou \u010delit p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f, tech giganti, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed prost\u0159edky na navigaci ve spletit\u00e9m bludi\u0161ti DSA, mohou men\u0161\u00ed platformy zanechat.\u00a0To by mohlo potla\u010dit vzestup budouc\u00edch inov\u00e1tor\u016f, upevnit s\u00edlu n\u011bkolika digit\u00e1ln\u00edch gigant\u016f a d\u00e1le sn\u00ed\u017eit rozmanitost digit\u00e1ln\u00edch prostor\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Principy demokracie vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby ob\u010dan\u00e9 byli informovan\u00ed, aktivn\u00ed a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm svobodn\u00ed vyjad\u0159ovat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory.\u00a0Jak\u00e1koli legislativa zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na podkop\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1na s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsnost\u00ed.\u00a0Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se EU nach\u00e1z\u00ed na t\u00e9to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed k\u0159i\u017eovatce, je v s\u00e1zce nejen budoucnost jej\u00edho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru, ale tak\u00e9 ide\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 Evropa po stalet\u00ed prosazovala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch odlehl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by se daly nazvat \u201eVLOP\u201c a \u201eVLOSE\u201c \u2013 mezi nimi samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Alibaba (AliExpress) a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd TikTok \u2013 ale v\u011bt\u0161ina jsou \u201eobvykl\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00ed\u201c z USA: Amazon, Apple, Google a jejich p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 obchody;\u00a0Google Maps and Shopping, Facebook a Instagram;\u00a0Microsoft LinkedIn, Snapchat, Wikipedia, nemluv\u011b o Booking.com a Z\u00e9landu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce t\u00edm l\u00e9pe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu EU pova\u017euje Microsoft Bing za \u201evelmi velk\u00fd vyhled\u00e1va\u010d\u201c s\u00e1m o sob\u011b;\u00a0a ze z\u0159ejm\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f je vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Google za\u0159ad\u00ed do tohoto seznamu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co by te\u010f m\u011bli na\u0161i jinak zkou\u0161en\u00ed a opravdov\u00ed zast\u00e1nci svobody projevu (to je mimochodem sarkasmus) ud\u011blat, aby si nechali a\u017e 6 % sv\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edho celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu ze \u0161pinav\u00fdch rukou EU?<\/span><\/p>\n

Nakonec je to nejasn\u00e9 – krom\u011b toho, \u017ee pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed se shoduj\u00ed, se spoj\u00ed a bezpochyby najdou oboustrann\u011b v\u00fdhodnou cestu ze zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 slep\u00e9 uli\u010dky.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bc je tak nepr\u016fhledn\u00e1, jak jen byrokrat\u00e9 EU mohou b\u00fdt.\u00a0Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se EU pokusila zav\u00e9st ve sv\u00e9 vlekl\u00e9 a n\u011bkdy hore\u010dnat\u00e9 reakci na ukrajinskou krizi, budou relevantn\u00ed i zde, proto\u017ee online platformy jsou povinny bojovat proti v\u0161em druh\u016fm \u201edezinformac\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je zde \u0159ada pojm\u016f, kter\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9mu pozorovateli opravdu vyraz\u00ed dech.\u00a0Za prv\u00e9, p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety EU ozn\u00e1mila \u201edobrovoln\u00fd\u201c kodex chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu by se m\u011bly velk\u00e9 online platformy \u201epodrobit\u201c.\u00a0Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to bylo o \u201edezinformac\u00edch\u201c a v t\u00e9 dob\u011b to bylo v\u0161echno o Covidu a volb\u00e1ch v USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e ale Twitter ned\u00e1vno prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee se chce z t\u00e9to \u201edobrovoln\u00e9\u201c klece vymanit, jeden byrokrat z EU trval na tom, aby vydal n\u011bkolik dost nehor\u00e1zn\u00fdch hrozeb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eJsem vymaha\u010d.\u00a0Zastupuji pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 je v\u016fl\u00ed st\u00e1tu a lidu,\u201c \u0159ekl komisa\u0159 EU pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed trhy Thierry Breton \u2013 nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd tyran \u2013 a dodal, \u017ee byl na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b v Silicon Valley, kdy\u017e to \u0159ekl z (doufejme) jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. jako Elon Musk p\u0159ipomenout term\u00edn 25. srpna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Breton je mo\u017en\u00e1 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed vymaha\u010d, ale nezd\u00e1 se, \u017ee by mu d\u011blalo probl\u00e9m mluvit ob\u011bma sm\u011bry, ani\u017e by se mezi t\u00edm nadechl \u2013 pokud se m\u00e1 zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m v\u011b\u0159it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto \u0159ekl d\u00e1le:<\/span><\/p>\n

„Je to na dobrovoln\u00e9 b\u00e1zi, nikoho nenut\u00edme.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Jakou p\u0159\u00edkladnou \u201eradost\u00ed\u201c se pro sv\u011bt v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b stala EU!<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Nenechme se oklamat.\u00a0Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) u\u017e nen\u00ed ve v\u0161em (pozitivn\u00ed) na \u0161pici \u2013 technologicky se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[63,41,553,48],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34299"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34299"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34299\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}