{"id":33907,"date":"2023-08-12T01:02:13","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T23:02:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=33907"},"modified":"2023-08-11T11:20:28","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T09:20:28","slug":"dokumenty-americke-vlady-ukazuji-atomove-bombardovani-japonska-nebylo-nutne-k-ukonceni-druhe-svetove-valky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/12\/dokumenty-americke-vlady-ukazuji-atomove-bombardovani-japonska-nebylo-nutne-k-ukonceni-druhe-svetove-valky\/","title":{"rendered":"Dokumenty americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy ukazuj\u00ed: Atomov\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Japonska nebylo nutn\u00e9 k ukon\u010den\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><strong>Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed dokumenty USA p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee atomov\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy a Nagasaki nebylo k ukon\u010den\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nutn\u00e9.\u00a0Japonsko se chystalo kapitulovat.\u00a0Jadern\u00fd \u00fatok byl prvn\u00ed ranou ve washingtonsk\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a m\u00e9dia \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed zbytku sv\u011bta, aby se b\u00e1l Severn\u00ed Koreje a jej\u00edch jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, nebo se ob\u00e1val mo\u017enosti, \u017ee by \u00cdr\u00e1n jednou mohl m\u00edt jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak v historii lidstva existuje pouze jedna zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 pou\u017eila jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b proti civiln\u00edmu obyvatelstvu \u2013 a ne jednou, ale hned dvakr\u00e1t: Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>6. a 9. srpna 1945 svrhla americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da atomov\u00e9 bomby na japonsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta Hiro\u0161ima a Nagasaki.\u00a0Bylo zabito asi 200 000 civilist\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dnes, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 80 let pozd\u011bji, st\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011b sl\u00fdch\u00e1me od americk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f a pedagog\u016f, \u017ee Washington nem\u011bl jinou mo\u017enost, ne\u017e atomovkou Japonsko p\u0159inutit vzd\u00e1t se a zah\u00e1jit konec druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0Mnoz\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee toto stra\u0161liv\u00e9 zv\u011brstvo bylo ve skute\u010dnosti u\u0161lechtil\u00fdm \u010dinem a \u017ee zachr\u00e1nilo je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce \u017eivot\u016f, kter\u00e9 by byly ztraceny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch boj\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Toto tvrzen\u00ed, i kdy\u017e je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9, je zcela myln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dokumenty americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee Japonsko bylo na pokraji kapitulace ji\u017e v roce 1945, p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdmi \u00fatoky.\u00a0Atomov\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo nutn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Atomov\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Japonska NEN\u00cd nutn\u00e9 k ukon\u010den\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.  Dokumenty americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy to p\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5vMEgneKF10?feature=oembed\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span>Ministerstvo v\u00e1lky USA (pozd\u011bji p\u0159ejmenovan\u00e9 na Ministerstvo obrany ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed) provedlo pr\u016fzkum, kter\u00fd se stal zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako Strategic Bombing Survey, kter\u00fd analyzoval n\u00e1lety b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Bylo to velmi jasn\u011b\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.gov\/node\/311491\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">uvedeno ve\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.gov\/node\/311491\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>Strategic Bombing Survey<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0publikovan\u00e9m v roce 1946\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>.. zd\u00e1 se jasn\u00e9, \u017ee i bez jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed by vzdu\u0161n\u00e1 p\u0159evaha nad Japonskem mohla vyvinout dostate\u010dn\u00fd tlak, aby vyvolala bezpodm\u00edne\u010dnou kapitulaci a vyhnula se nutnosti invaze.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b podrobn\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech fakt\u016f a podpo\u0159en\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch japonsk\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f je zpr\u00e1va toho n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee Japonsko by se s jistotou vzdalo p\u0159ed 31. prosincem 1945 a se v\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed p\u0159ed 1. listopadem 1945, i kdyby atomov\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>bomby by nebyly svr\u017eeny,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0i kdyby Rusko nevstoupilo do v\u00e1lky a ani kdyby se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 invaze nepl\u00e1novala a neuva\u017eovala.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>Jadern\u00e9 \u00fatoky na Japonsko byly politick\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edmo na Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz;\u00a0bylo to prvn\u00ed d\u011bjstv\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V srpnu 1945 se SSSR p\u0159ipravoval na invazi do Japonska a svr\u017een\u00ed tamn\u00edho vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho fa\u0161istick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, spojen\u00e9ho s nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem \u2013 kter\u00e9 Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu tak\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b porazila na evropsk\u00e9m d\u011bji\u0161ti v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Washington se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee pokud Sov\u011bti poraz\u00ed japonsk\u00fd fa\u0161ismus a osvobod\u00ed Tokio, jako to ud\u011blali v Berl\u00edn\u011b, postfa\u0161istick\u00e1 vl\u00e1da Japonska by se mohla st\u00e1t spojencem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a p\u0159evz\u00edt socialistickou vl\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Atomov\u00e9 bomby svr\u017een\u00e9 na Hiro\u0161imu a Nagasaki byly tedy nam\u00ed\u0159eny m\u00e9n\u011b proti japonsk\u00fdm fa\u0161ist\u016fm ne\u017e proti sov\u011btsk\u00fdm komunist\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Proti tomuto v\u00fdslovn\u011b politick\u00e9mu rozhodnut\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b proti Japonsku se postavilo n\u011bkolik vysok\u00fdch americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Jeden z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch gener\u00e1l\u016f americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 historie Dwight Eisenhower \u0159\u00eddil operace na evropsk\u00e9m d\u011bji\u0161ti v\u00e1lky a dohl\u00ed\u017eel na n\u00e1slednou okupaci b\u00fdval\u00e9ho nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Eisenhower se pozd\u011bji stal prezidentem Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a vyst\u0159\u00eddal Harryho Trumana, kter\u00fd bombardoval Japonsko jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Eisenhower je celosv\u011btov\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 veden\u00ed v boji proti fa\u0161ismu v Evrop\u011b.\u00a0M\u00e1lo se v\u0161ak v\u00ed, \u017ee se postavil proti americk\u00fdm jadern\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm na Japonsko.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V roce 1963, po odchodu z B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu, Eisenhower publikoval sv\u00e9 monografie s n\u00e1zvem\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/gumby4christ\/status\/1686389263926218754\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>Mandate for Change<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0V t\u00e9to knize si vzpomn\u011bl na h\u00e1dku, kterou m\u011bl s tehdej\u0161\u00edm americk\u00fdm ministrem v\u00e1lky Henrym Stimsonem v \u010dervenci 1945.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Stimson ho informoval, \u017ee Washington pl\u00e1nuje bombardovat Japonsko.\u00a0Eisenhower toto rozhodnut\u00ed kritizoval a \u0159ekl, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u201evelk\u00e9 obavy\u201c a je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u201e\u017ee Japonsko bylo ji\u017e pora\u017eeno a \u017ee bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zcela zbyte\u010dn\u00e9\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.gov\/education\/lesson-plans\/re-thinking-dropping-atomic-bombs-lesson-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>Eisenhower napsal<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>K incidentu do\u0161lo v [\u010dervenci] 1945, kdy\u017e m\u011b ministr v\u00e1lky Stimson p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b m\u00e9ho \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed v N\u011bmecku informoval, \u017ee na\u0161e vl\u00e1da p\u0159ipravuje svr\u017een\u00ed atomov\u00e9 bomby na Japonsko.\u00a0Pat\u0159il jsem k t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed c\u00edtili, \u017ee existuje \u0159ada opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f pochybovat o moudrosti takov\u00e9ho \u010dinu.\u00a0&#8230; Ale kdy\u017e mi ministr ozn\u00e1mil zpr\u00e1vu o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m testu bomby v Nov\u00e9m Mexiku a pl\u00e1nu pou\u017eit\u00ed bomby, zeptal se m\u011b na reakci, zjevn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1val silnou podporu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>V\u011bdom si pocitu skl\u00ed\u010denosti, kdy\u017e mi p\u0159edkl\u00e1dal relevantn\u00ed fakta,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>vyj\u00e1d\u0159il jsem mu sv\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 obavy<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, zaprv\u00e9 kv\u016fli\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>sv\u00e9mu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee Japonsko ji\u017e bylo pora\u017eeno a \u017ee svr\u017een\u00ed bomby bylo zcela zbyte\u010dn\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><span>a za druh\u00e9, proto\u017ee jsem v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee na\u0161e zem\u011b by se m\u011bla vyhnout \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00edmu sv\u011btov\u00e9mu m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00edm zbran\u011b, kterou u\u017e nepova\u017euji za nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt k z\u00e1chran\u011b americk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f.\u00a0V\u011b\u0159il jsem, \u017ee v tu chv\u00edli Japonsko hledalo zp\u016fsob, jak se vzd\u00e1t s minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201eztr\u00e1tou tv\u00e1\u0159e\u201c.\u00a0Ministr byl m\u00fdm postojem hluboce znepokojen a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rozzloben\u011b odm\u00edtl d\u016fvody m\u00fdch un\u00e1hlen\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>P\u0159i t\u011bchto \u201ezcela zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch\u201c jadern\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch na Hiro\u0161imu a Nagasaki bylo zabito asi 200 000 civilist\u016f.\u00a0Ale m\u011bli politick\u00fd c\u00edl nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Politick\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed atomov\u00e9ho bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Japonska bylo ve\u0159ejn\u011b potvrzeno \u00da\u0159adem historie americk\u00e9ho ministerstva energetiky, kter\u00fd provozuje webovou str\u00e1nku se vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi informacemi\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/opennet\/manhattan-project-history\/Events\/1945\/potsdam_decision.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>o projektu Manhattan<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, v\u011bdeck\u00e9 iniciativ\u011b, kter\u00e1 vyvinula bombu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-33819 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ces1-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1297\" height=\"679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ces1-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ces1-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ces1-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ces1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1297px) 100vw, 1297px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span>Webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka vl\u00e1dy USA uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed Trumanovy administrativy o jadern\u00e9m bombov\u00e9m \u00fatoku v Japonsku bylo politicky motivovan\u00e9 a p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Pot\u00e9, co prezident Harry S. Truman obdr\u017eel zpr\u00e1vu o \u00fasp\u011bchu testu Trinity, jeho pot\u0159eba sov\u011btsk\u00e9 pomoci ve v\u00e1lce proti Japonsku byla zna\u010dn\u011b zmen\u0161ena.\u00a0Sov\u011btsk\u00fd v\u016fdce Josif Stalin sl\u00edbil, \u017ee p\u016fjde do v\u00e1lky proti Japonsku do 15. srpna.\u00a0Truman a jeho poradci si u\u017e nebyli jisti, \u017ee tu pomoc cht\u011bj\u00ed.\u00a0Pokud by pou\u017eit\u00ed atomov\u00e9 bomby umo\u017enilo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed bez invaze, pak\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>by je p\u0159ijet\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 pomoci vt\u00e1hlo pouze do diskus\u00ed o pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m osudu Japonska<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Jin\u00ed historici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Japonsko by se vzdalo i bez pou\u017eit\u00ed atomov\u00e9 bomby a \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ve skute\u010dnosti Truman a jeho poradci pou\u017eili bombu pouze k zastra\u0161en\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>Truman doufal, \u017ee se vyhne nutnosti \u201esd\u00edlet\u201c spr\u00e1vu Japonska se Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>Tuto skute\u010dnost uznali i mainstreamov\u00ed historici.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ward Wilson, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho think tanku British American Security Information Council, publikoval v elitn\u00edm washingtonsk\u00e9m \u010dasopise Foreign Policy v roce 2013 \u010dl\u00e1nek s n\u00e1zvem \u201eBomba\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2013\/05\/30\/the-bomb-didnt-beat-japan-stalin-did\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>neporazila Japonsko.\u00a0Stalin to ud\u011blal<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201eA\u010dkoli si bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed vynutilo okam\u017eit\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky, japonsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed cht\u011blo stejn\u011b kapitulovat a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by tak u\u010dinilo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed americkou invaz\u00ed pl\u00e1novanou na 1. listopadu.\u00a0Jejich zapojen\u00ed bylo proto zbyte\u010dn\u00e9,\u201c napsal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Wilson vysv\u011btlil:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Pokud se Japonci nestarali o bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bst obecn\u011b nebo atomov\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy konkr\u00e9tn\u011b, o co se starali?\u00a0Odpov\u011b\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1: Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>I ti nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed v\u016fdci japonsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee v\u00e1lka nem\u016f\u017ee pokra\u010dovat.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Ot\u00e1zkou nebylo, zda pokra\u010dovat, ale jak ukon\u010dit v\u00e1lku za co nejlep\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak posoudit, zda byla japonsk\u00e1 kapitulace zp\u016fsobena bombardov\u00e1n\u00edm Hiro\u0161imy nebo invaz\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1lky, je porovnat dopad t\u011bchto dvou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed na strategickou situaci.\u00a0Po bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy 6. srpna byly ob\u011b mo\u017enosti st\u00e1le otev\u0159en\u00e9.\u00a0&#8230; Bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy nevylou\u010dilo ani jednu ze dvou strategick\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed Japonska.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Dopady sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1lky a invaze do Mand\u017euska a na ostrov Sachalin v\u0161ak byly zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9.\u00a0Pot\u00e9, co Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz vyhl\u00e1sil v\u00e1lku, u\u017e Stalin nemohl p\u016fsobit jako prost\u0159edn\u00edk \u2013 nyn\u00ed byl \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem v\u00e1lky.\u00a0Tak\u017ee diplomatick\u00e1 mo\u017enost byla sov\u011btsk\u00fdm krokem anulov\u00e1na.\u00a0Stejn\u011b dramatick\u00fd byl dopad na vojenskou situaci.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Kdy\u017e Rusov\u00e9 napadli Mand\u017eusko, rozdrtili kdysi elitn\u00ed arm\u00e1du a mnoho rusk\u00fdch jednotek se zastavilo, a\u017e kdy\u017e jim do\u0161el plyn.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 invaze zni\u010dila vojenskou strategii rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitvy i diplomatickou strategii.\u00a0Jedn\u00edm tahem byly v\u0161echny japonsk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pry\u010d.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 invaze byla strategicky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 \u2013 vylou\u010dila ob\u011b mo\u017enosti Japonska \u2013 zat\u00edmco bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy (kter\u00e9 vylou\u010dilo ani jednu z mo\u017enost\u00ed) nikoli.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>P\u0159ips\u00e1n\u00ed konce v\u00e1lky atomov\u00e9 bomb\u011b poslou\u017eilo japonsk\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby.\u00a0Poslou\u017eila ale tak\u00e9 z\u00e1jm\u016fm USA.\u00a0Pokud by bomba vyhr\u00e1la v\u00e1lku, pos\u00edlilo by vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly a diplomatick\u00fd vliv USA v Asii a po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b by se zv\u00fd\u0161il.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>Na druhou stranu, pokud by vstup Sov\u011bt\u016f do v\u00e1lky zp\u016fsobil kapitulaci Japonska, Sov\u011bti by mohli tvrdit, \u017ee dok\u00e1zali za \u010dty\u0159i dny to, co Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nedok\u00e1zaly za \u010dty\u0159i roky, a vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly a sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho diplomatick\u00e9ho vlivu by bylo pos\u00edlena.\u00a0A jakmile za\u010dala studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, tvrdit, \u017ee rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem byla sov\u011btsk\u00e1 invaze, by se rovnalo poskytnut\u00ed pomoci a \u00fat\u011bchy nep\u0159\u00edteli.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed koncem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zah\u00e1jily Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty studenou v\u00e1lku proti sv\u00e9mu \u00fadajn\u00e9mu \u201espojenci\u201c, Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu \u2013 a proti mo\u017en\u00e9mu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed socialismu po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Americk\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed agentury okam\u017eit\u011b za\u010daly\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/geopoliticaleconomy.com\/2022\/07\/09\/fascism-japan-shinzo-abe-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>rekrutovat b\u00fdval\u00e9 fa\u0161isty a nacistick\u00e9 kolaboranty<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0a osvobozovaly z v\u011bzen\u00ed japonsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010dince t\u0159\u00eddy A, z nich\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pozd\u011bji vedli vl\u00e1du v Tokiu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Mnoho z t\u011bchto jednotlivc\u016f se pod\u00edlelo na zalo\u017een\u00ed pravicov\u00e9 Liber\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e9 strany (LDP), kter\u00e1 v podstat\u011b vl\u00e1dne Japonsku jako st\u00e1t jedn\u00e9 strany od roku 1955 (s v\u00fdjimkou pouh\u00fdch p\u011bti let opozice).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho byl Nobusuke Kishi, notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd zlo\u010dinec, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00eddil loutkov\u00fd re\u017eim japonsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v Mand\u017eukuu a p\u00e1chal genocidn\u00ed zv\u011brstva ve spolupr\u00e1ci s nacisty.\u00a0Byl kr\u00e1tce uv\u011bzn\u011bn, ale pozd\u011bji byl americk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady omilostn\u011bn a s podporou Washingtonu se v 50. letech stal p\u0159edsedou japonsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Kishiho rodina, spojen\u00e1 s fa\u0161ismem, m\u00e1 st\u00e1le velk\u00fd vliv na japonskou politiku.\u00a0Jeho vnuk Shinzo Abe byl nejd\u00e9le slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edm premi\u00e9rem v japonsk\u00e9 historii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>I dnes je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 napravit roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 m\u00fdty o tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 hlubok\u00fd dopad na popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kulturu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V \u010dervenci 2023 vydal Hollywood trh\u00e1k \u201eOppenheimer\u201c od oce\u0148ovan\u00e9ho re\u017eis\u00e9ra Christophera Nolana.\u00a0Film byl obrovsk\u00fd komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch, ale byl tak\u00e9 kritizov\u00e1n za jeho politick\u00fd obsah.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Film zlid\u0161til stejnojmenn\u00e9ho fyzika J. Roberta Oppenheimera, kter\u00fd vedl laborato\u0159 projektu Manhattan v Los Alamos a pom\u00e1hal vyvinout atomovou bombu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Oppenheimer pozd\u011bji litoval role, kterou sehr\u00e1l p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji zbran\u011b, a vedl kampa\u0148 proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ironi\u00ed osudu se Oppenheimer stal tak\u00e9 ob\u011bt\u00ed mccarthismu americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a byl pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n za sv\u00e9 vazby na levicov\u00e9 skupiny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ale i kdy\u017e byl film uzn\u00e1van\u00fd za zobrazen\u00ed Oppenheimerov\u00fdch slo\u017eit\u00fdch vnit\u0159n\u00edch boj\u016f, byl obvin\u011bn z toho, \u017ee pocukroval brutalitu americk\u00e9ho atomov\u00e9ho bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy a Nagasaki.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/asian-america\/oppenheimer-draws-debate-absence-japanese-bombing-victims-film-rcna96279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>Film d\u011bsiv\u011b opomn\u011bl zm\u00ednit<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0200 000 japonsk\u00fdch civilist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li o \u017eivot p\u0159i t\u011bchto zcela zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Autor: Ben Norton<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geopoliticaleconomy.com\/2023\/08\/07\/atomic-bombing-japan-not-necessary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stranapro.cz\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-30218 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-300x36.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1367\" height=\"164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-300x36.png 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-768x93.png 768w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner.png 849w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1367px) 100vw, 1367px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed dokumenty USA p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee atomov\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy a Nagasaki nebylo k ukon\u010den\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33908,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1286,3179,105,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33907"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33907"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33907\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33909,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33907\/revisions\/33909"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33908"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}