{"id":33857,"date":"2023-08-11T01:03:32","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T23:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=33857"},"modified":"2023-08-10T16:53:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T14:53:36","slug":"americkym-bankam-se-rozsvitila-cervena-kdy-se-pouci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/11\/americkym-bankam-se-rozsvitila-cervena-kdy-se-pouci\/","title":{"rendered":"Americk\u00fdm bank\u00e1m se rozsv\u00edtila \u010derven\u00e1, \u201ekdy se pou\u010d\u00ed?\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Fedu Janet Yellenov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee za sv\u016fj \u017eivot \u201eu\u017e nikdy neuvid\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed americkou bankovn\u00ed krizi\u201c. Realita v\u0161ak ot\u0159\u00e1sla t\u00edmto jej\u00edm proroctv\u00edm. 7. srpna m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dasu agentura Moody’s, jedna ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch ratingov\u00fdch agentur, sn\u00ed\u017eila rating 10 mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch bank ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a za\u0159adila 6 velk\u00fdch bank, v\u010detn\u011b U.S Bank a The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation,<\/span>\u00a0na seznam sledovan\u00fdch pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ratingu. Dal\u0161\u00edch 11 bank m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed v\u00fdhled na rating.\u00a0Jakmile se tato zpr\u00e1va objevila, ceny akci\u00ed t\u011bchto \u201ejmenovan\u00fdch\u201c bank postupn\u011b klesaly, co\u017e ovlivnilo i dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 banky.<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va agentury Moody’s pouk\u00e1zala na to, \u017ee americk\u00fd bankovn\u00ed sektor \u010del\u00ed \u201emnoha tlak\u016fm\u201c, v\u010detn\u011b tlaku na financov\u00e1n\u00ed a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho dohledu. \u201eObt\u00ed\u017ee s financov\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed krizi p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed bank ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n

Od prvn\u00ed poloviny leto\u0161n\u00edho roku mnoho bank ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech trp\u011blo postupn\u00fdmi krizemi kv\u016fli nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 solventnosti a platebn\u00ed neschopnosti.\u00a0Jako posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost utratili ameri\u010dt\u00ed regul\u00e1to\u0159i pen\u00edze na z\u00e1chranu. Britsk\u00fd \u201eFinancial Times\u201c 7. srpna m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dasu informoval, \u017ee americk\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed banky st\u00e1le \u201espol\u00e9haj\u00ed na vl\u00e1dn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed ve stovk\u00e1ch miliard dolar\u016f, aby se udr\u017eely p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 americk\u00e9 banky spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky, aby mohly \u201epokra\u010dovat v \u017eivot\u011b\u201c? To \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed k\u0159ehkost americk\u00e9ho bankovn\u00edho sektoru.\u00a0Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervn\u00ed syst\u00e9m od roku 2022 v reakci na inflaci nad\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek znehodnocen\u00ed aktiv, jako jsou americk\u00e9 dluhopisy v dr\u017een\u00ed bank, a provoz bank je pod velk\u00fdm tlakem.<\/p>\n

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K\u0159ehkost americk\u00e9ho bankovn\u00edho sektoru je v\u00fdsledkem n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho posunu americk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky a tendence \u201eriskovat\u201c. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed politici maj\u00ed dlouhou dobu tendenci roz\u0161i\u0159ovat v\u00fddaje a p\u0159ij\u00edmat expanzivn\u00ed fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed a monet\u00e1rn\u00ed politiku, aby z\u00edskali voli\u010de.\u00a0Po vypuknut\u00ed epidemie nov\u00e9ho koronaviru Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zavedly politiku \u201eneomezen\u00e9ho\u201c kvantitativn\u00edho uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, udr\u017eovaly ultra n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby a zah\u00e1jily rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd stimula\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst inflace. To n\u00e1sledn\u011b donutilo Fed n\u00e1siln\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby.\u00a0Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed zpr\u00e1va Moody’s, bankovn\u00ed sektor v USA je obecn\u011b \u201enep\u0159ipraven na rostouc\u00ed \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby\u201c. Evropsk\u00e9 centrum pro v\u00fdzkum hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky upozornilo, \u017ee bankovn\u00ed krize ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech nen\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ojedin\u011bl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem, ale je \u201esyst\u00e9mov\u00e1\u201c.<\/p>\n

Regula\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u00fd\u0161ily rizika pro bankovn\u00ed sektor v USA.<\/p>\n

\u201eKdy se americk\u00e9 banky pou\u010d\u00ed?\u201c Ptaj\u00ed se z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia a pozorovatel\u00e9. A jen p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny sn\u00ed\u017eila agentura Fitch rating USA jako dlouhodob\u00e9ho emitenta v ciz\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b z AAA na AA+, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila nespokojenost s patovou situac\u00ed v oblasti dluhov\u00e9ho stropu v USA a s\u00a0fisk\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch dn\u00ed dv\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ratingov\u00e9 agentury sn\u00ed\u017eily \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, co\u017e nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda. Analytici pouk\u00e1zali na to, \u017ee je to v\u0161echno d\u016fsledek dlouhodob\u00e9ho sv\u00e9voln\u00e9ho a bezohledn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru v americk\u00fdch dolarech.<\/p>\n

Jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd ukazatel re\u00e1ln\u00e9 ekonomiky se americk\u00fd bankovn\u00ed sektor nach\u00e1z\u00ed v krizi, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st \u0159adu negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f. Zpr\u00e1va Moody’s pouk\u00e1zala na to, \u017ee americk\u00e1 ekonomika upadne na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2024 do m\u00edrn\u00e9 recese a rizika v bankovn\u00edm sektoru se mohou d\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovat. Analytici se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee jakmile se krize za\u010dne \u0161\u00ed\u0159it ve finan\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159enese se do re\u00e1ln\u00e9 ekonomiky, m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1hnout dol\u016f americkou ekonomiku, a dokonce ovlivnit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ratingu dv\u011bma agenturami Fitch a Moody’s vyslalo dostate\u010dn\u011b jasn\u00fd varovn\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: Dok\u00e1\u017eou se ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u016fdci skute\u010dn\u011b pou\u010dit?<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Fedu Janet Yellenov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee za sv\u016fj \u017eivot \u201eu\u017e nikdy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[503,371,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33857"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33857"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33858,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33857\/revisions\/33858"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}