{"id":33764,"date":"2023-08-09T04:26:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T02:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=33764"},"modified":"2023-08-09T04:41:40","modified_gmt":"2023-08-09T02:41:40","slug":"cerne-more-nova-arena-globalniho-stretu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/09\/cerne-more-nova-arena-globalniho-stretu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e: nov\u00e1 ar\u00e9na glob\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u0159etu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<section class=\"perex\">Vzhledem k rostouc\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i, touze Ukrajiny po \u010dlenstv\u00ed v NATO, oslaben\u00e9mu glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu vlivu USA a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu \u010del\u00ed Rusko, mus\u00ed Turecko prosazovat vyv\u00e1\u017eenou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku, aby se vyhnulo glob\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 konfrontaci na strategick\u00e9 vodn\u00ed cest\u011b.<\/section>\n<section class=\"clanek-obsah\">11. \u010dervence 2023 vydalo NATO na summitu ve Vilniusu, kter\u00fd byl v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201ehistorick\u00fd okam\u017eik pro budoucnost evropsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, a zejm\u00e9na pro bezpe\u010dnost Ukrajiny\u201c,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/official_texts_217320.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">komunik\u00e9 o 90 bodech<\/a>. Z\u00e1v\u011br: V\u00e1lka Ruska na Ukrajin\u011b bude pokra\u010dovat.T\u00edm byla potvrzena neochv\u011bjn\u00e1 podpora NATO Kyjevu, jak se ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zav\u00e1zalo na summitu v Bukure\u0161ti v roce 2008, a zd\u016frazn\u011bno, \u017ee \u201epln\u011b podporujeme pr\u00e1vo Ukrajiny zvolit si vlastn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Budoucnost Ukrajiny je v NATO.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Summit NATO vyvrcholil v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f 31 zem\u00ed: Ukrajin\u011b bylo nab\u00eddnuto pozv\u00e1n\u00ed do NATO. H\u00e1\u010dek v\u0161ak spo\u010d\u00edval v tom, \u017ee Ukrajina zat\u00edm nebyla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za p\u0159ipravenou na \u010dlenstv\u00ed: \u201eBudeme schopni p\u0159edat Ukrajin\u011b pozv\u00e1n\u00ed ke vstupu do Aliance, a\u017e s t\u00edm budou spojenci souhlasit a budou spln\u011bny podm\u00ednky,\u201c st\u00e1lo v prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. To zanechalo mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed v nejistot\u011b ohledn\u011b \u010dasov\u00e9ho harmonogramu a specifik p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dasti Ukrajiny v Altantick\u00e9 alianci.<\/p>\n<h2>USA se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hork\u00e9 v\u00e1lce<\/h2>\n<p>Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee pod povrchem jsou ve h\u0159e strategick\u00e9 machinace. Ukrajina se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve slo\u017eit\u00e9 situaci: Zat\u00edmco se zd\u00e1, \u017ee NATO brzd\u00ed \u010dlenstv\u00ed Kyjeva, sou\u010dasn\u011b nal\u00e9h\u00e1 na Ukrajinu, aby pokra\u010dovala ve sv\u00fdch aspirac\u00edch. D\u016fvod je z\u0159ejm\u00fd p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm pohledu: Vstup Ukrajiny do NATO by mohl potenci\u00e1ln\u011b za\u017eehnout v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed konflikt, v\u00e1lku mezi NATO a Ruskem, kter\u00e1 by mohla p\u0159er\u016fst ve t\u0159et\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku, a hroziv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edzrak jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed se vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na obzoru.<\/p>\n<p>Evropa, zejm\u00e9na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di jako N\u011bmecko a Francie, v\u00e1haj\u00ed, zda d\u00e1t vstupu Ukrajiny do NATO zelenou. Tak\u00e9 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty maj\u00ed v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi v\u00fdhrady, nebo\u0165 se sna\u017e\u00ed vyhnout glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hork\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. M\u00edsto toho se Washington sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ehodnotit sv\u016fj glob\u00e1ln\u00ed postoj a odklonit se od p\u0159edchoz\u00edho globaliza\u010dn\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nep\u0159ineslo prosp\u011bch jeho z\u00e1jm\u016fm a ne\u00famysln\u011b pos\u00edlilo \u010c\u00ednu.<\/p>\n<p>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vol\u00ed dlouhodobou strategii a zapojuj\u00ed se do opot\u0159ebov\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00e1lky s Ruskem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e eskaluj\u00ed druhou studenou v\u00e1lku, kter\u00e1 se dala do pohybu za \u00e9ry Donalda Trumpa, a\u010dkoli ta jeho byla zam\u011b\u0159ena sp\u00ed\u0161e na Peking.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto slo\u017eit\u00e9m geopolitick\u00e9m tanci se zd\u00e1 nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by Ukrajina v dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b vstoupila do NATO. Stejn\u011b tak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Rusko nespln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky uveden\u00e9 v komunik\u00e9 vilniusk\u00e9ho summitu. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee v\u00e1lka bude pokra\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<p>Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b ji\u017e p\u0159ekro\u010dila 17 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/realistreview.org\/2022\/03\/17\/party-like-its-1979-comparing-ukraine-and-the-last-soviet-invasion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">paralely<\/a>\u00a0s dev\u011bt let trvaj\u00edc\u00edm konfliktem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu jsou a\u017e d\u011bsiv\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00e9. Tato v\u00e1lka se pro Moskvu r\u00fdsuje jako velk\u00e1, s mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed frontou, s n\u00ed\u017e se mus\u00ed pot\u00fdkat. Pokud nedojde k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee trvat dal\u0161\u00edch p\u011bt let nebo i d\u00e9le \u2013 co\u017e je \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec, kter\u00fd se z\u0159ejm\u011b shoduje s pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem USA.<\/p>\n<h2>Roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO a vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy pro Rusko<\/h2>\n<p>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mo\u017en\u00e1 s\u00e1zej\u00ed na to, \u017ee b\u011bhem tohoto vlekl\u00e9ho konfliktu dojde v Rusku ke zm\u011bn\u011b moci nebo re\u017eimu. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Moskvy v\u00e1le\u010dnou ekonomikou m\u016f\u017ee nakonec v\u00e9st k nespokojenosti ve\u0159ejnosti a prohloubit vnit\u0159n\u00ed nepokoje.<\/p>\n<p>Aby si Rusko udr\u017eelo vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/jul\/26\/russia-conscription-maximum-age-raised-ukraine-war#:~:text=Russia-,Russia%20raises%20the%20maximum%20age%20of%20conscription,seeks%20to%20replenish%20Ukraine%20forces&amp;text=Russia's%20parliament%20has%20voted%20to,year%20of%20compulsory%20military%20service.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">zv\u00fd\u0161ilo<\/a>\u00a0dokonce maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bk pro odvod do arm\u00e1dy z 27 na 30 let, co\u017e poukazuje na probl\u00e9my, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed p\u0159i shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu vycvi\u010den\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Proto jsou \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9 struktury, jako je Wagner, pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, i kdy\u017e samy o sob\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdzvu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1pad, zejm\u00e9na Evropa, se mezit\u00edm pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s vlastn\u00edmi socioekonomick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. Stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, prudce rostouc\u00ed ceny energi\u00ed, inflace, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pokles, p\u0159\u00edliv ukrajinsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f, rostouc\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanost a rostouc\u00ed nesouhlas ve\u0159ejnosti s v\u00e1lkou vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed chmurn\u00fd obraz.<\/p>\n<p>Francie za\u017eila povst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 podobaj\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, zat\u00edmco rozhodnut\u00ed N\u011bmecka distancovat se od rusk\u00e9 energetiky zasadilo t\u011b\u017ekou r\u00e1nu jeho pr\u016fmyslu a ekonomice.<\/p>\n<p>Na pozad\u00ed toho v\u0161eho se zd\u00e1, \u017ee USA jsou v prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm konfliktu jedin\u00fdm beneficientem. USA, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, ani\u017e by riskovaly \u017eivoty sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, obratn\u011b man\u00e9vruj\u00ed v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm boji. Sv\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm se stav\u00ed proti Rusku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 posiluj\u00ed NATO a Evropu, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za jeho z\u00e1jmy.<\/p>\n<p>Obrann\u00e9 rozpo\u010dty zem\u00ed NATO prudce rostou, jeho zbrojn\u00ed a energetick\u00fd sektor se o\u017eivuje a jeho pod\u00edl na trhu se roz\u0161i\u0159uje, co\u017e vrchol\u00ed protiruskou pevnost\u00ed v Baltsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i, kter\u00e1 dokonce zaji\u0161\u0165uje zapojen\u00ed Finska a \u0160v\u00e9dska na severn\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddle NATO.<\/p>\n<h2>Posuny sm\u011brem k multipolarit\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159esto USA \u010del\u00ed v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euj\u00ed jejich glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hegemonii. Situace v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se vliv \u010c\u00edny jsou jen n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edklady m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se dynamiky. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed spojenci, jako je Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, usiluj\u00ed o spolupr\u00e1ci s Pekingem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm projekt\u016f, jako je iniciativa\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/new.thecradle.co\/articles\/brics-problems-bri-solutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">P\u00e1smo a cesta<\/a>\u00a0(BRI), zat\u00edmco \u00cdr\u00e1n si navzdory sankc\u00edm zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 odolnost a navazuje vazby se st\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, jako je Katar a SAE.<\/p>\n<p>Rostouc\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce Ruska a Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie v oblasti energetiky d\u00e1le podtrhuje m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se situaci, zat\u00edmco Indie vzdorn\u011b pokra\u010duje v n\u00e1kupu zbran\u00ed z Ruska. Tento v\u00fdvoj p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji sm\u011brem k multipolarit\u011b, kdy r\u016fzn\u00e9 zem\u011b prosazuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a sleduj\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 cesty.<\/p>\n<p>Snahy o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na americk\u00e9m dolaru jsou p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9 pro tento trend. USA jsou nicm\u00e9n\u011b i nad\u00e1le odhodl\u00e1ny bojovat v tomto boji o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho veden\u00ed a hegemonie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010das m\u016f\u017ee pracovat ve prosp\u011bch \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n<p>K jednomu pozoruhodn\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji do\u0161lo 22. \u010dervence 2022, kdy Rusko, Ukrajina a OSN podepsaly za zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed Turecka \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/black-sea-grain-initiative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Black Sea Grain Iniative<\/a>\u201c. C\u00edlem bylo usnadnit bezpe\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoz obilovin, potravin, \u010dpavku a hnojiv z ukrajinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b Rusko podepsalo se sekretari\u00e1tem OSN memorandum o porozum\u011bn\u00ed, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je podpo\u0159it prodej rusk\u00fdch potravin a hnojiv na sv\u011btov\u00fdch trz\u00edch. Kv\u016fli embarg\u016fm, bari\u00e9r\u00e1m SWIFT a poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak Rusko nemohlo vyv\u00e1\u017eet \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obil\u00ed a hnojiva.<\/p>\n<p>O rok pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak Rusko od dohody odstoupilo. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee v\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/2022\/06\/africa-putins-war-ukraine-drives-food-fuel-and-finance-crises#:~:text=Russia%20and%20Ukraine%20provide%20over,those%20who%20desperately%20need%20it.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Africe nen\u00ed pravdiv\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed<\/a>, \u017ee lidem hroz\u00ed hladomor, proto\u017ee Ukrajina nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k obil\u00ed. Pouze 12 % obil\u00ed vyvezen\u00e9ho z Ukrajiny za rok bylo odesl\u00e1no na kontinent a 40 % m\u00edsto toho sm\u011b\u0159ovalo do Evropy.<\/p>\n<h2>Geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v Turecku<\/h2>\n<p>Turecko, a\u010dkoli je \u010dlenem NATO, se od za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b sna\u017eilo zachov\u00e1vat\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/new.thecradle.co\/articles\/neither-east-nor-west-turkiyes-travails-as-a-swing-state\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">relativn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed postoj<\/a>. Tato politika byla ovlivn\u011bna n\u011bkolika faktory, v\u010detn\u011b geopolitick\u00e9 pozice Ankary, energetick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na Rusku, obchodn\u00edch vztah\u016f a podpory Moskvy v dob\u011b, kdy prezident Recep Tayyip Erdogan \u010delil izolaci ze strany Z\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n<p>Pod Erdoganov\u00fdm veden\u00edm sehr\u00e1lo Turecko z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1l\u016f pro Rusko b\u011bhem konfliktu, co\u017e zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vyvol\u00e1valo obavy p\u0159edstavitel\u016f USA. USA v\u0161ak nakonec roli Turkije uznaly jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 strategie opot\u0159ebov\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Washington nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 obez\u0159etn\u00fd, proto\u017ee v\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby by mohl v budoucnu tyto kan\u00e1ly r\u016fzn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky potenci\u00e1ln\u011b uzav\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Situace po\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/new.thecradle.co\/articles\/putin-defends-black-sea-grain-deal-exit-blasts-rich-nations-for-hoarding-ukrainian-grain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">odstoupen\u00ed Ruska<\/a>\u00a0od dohody o dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch obil\u00ed v oblasti \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnit ceny obil\u00ed a dod\u00e1vky potravin. Vzhledem k rostouc\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed v \u010dernomo\u0159sk\u00e9m regionu nazna\u010duje zased\u00e1n\u00ed Rady NATO-Ukrajina o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situaci, \u017ee vody se mohou v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech a m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1le v\u00edce roz\u010de\u0159it.<\/p>\n<p>O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee USA a NATO budou hr\u00e1t aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli na ji\u017en\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddle a v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i, a proto je pro Turky z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby byli opatrn\u00ed a ostra\u017eit\u00ed, pokud jde o tento v\u00fdvoj a mo\u017en\u00e9 kroky USA a NATO ve vztahu k v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b a \u010cern\u00e9mu mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n<h2>Strategick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro bezpe\u010dnost obil\u00ed v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i<\/h2>\n<p>Vzhledem k mo\u017en\u00fdm krok\u016fm USA a NATO v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i a jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm v\u016f\u010di Turkiji p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v \u00favahu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enosti:<\/p>\n<p><b>Varianta 1<\/b>: Turkije, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edlu v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i, by mohla vytvo\u0159it n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed skupinu k ochran\u011b lod\u00ed p\u0159epravuj\u00edc\u00edch obil\u00ed z ukrajinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f do Bosporsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u017einy na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed trhy. Tato opera\u010dn\u00ed skupina by byla chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed rusk\u00fdmi ponorkami, hladinov\u00fdmi a leteck\u00fdmi hrozbami za zpravodajsk\u00e9 podpory NATO. Tato mo\u017enost sice neporu\u0161uje \u00famluvu o \u00fa\u017ein\u00e1ch z Montreux, ale p\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke konfrontaci s Ruskem a vyvolat ruskou intervenci v reakci na p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed skupiny.<\/p>\n<p><b>Varianta 2<\/b>: Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed \u00fakolov\u00e9 uskupen\u00ed veden\u00e9 Tukijem a zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Bulharsko a Rumunsko, kter\u00e9 by chr\u00e1nilo lod\u011b p\u0159epravuj\u00edc\u00ed obil\u00ed z ukrajinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i do Bosporu p\u0159ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi rusk\u00fdmi ponorkov\u00fdmi, hladinov\u00fdmi a leteck\u00fdmi hrozbami. Stejn\u011b jako prvn\u00ed mo\u017enost se tento p\u0159\u00edstup vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu poru\u0161en\u00ed \u00famluvy o \u00fa\u017ein\u00e1ch z Montreux, ale nese s sebou riziko eskalace nap\u011bt\u00ed a vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu do operac\u00ed t\u00e9to pracovn\u00ed skupiny.<\/p>\n<p><b>Varianta 3<\/b>: Alternativn\u011b by NATO mohlo nasadit n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed \u00fakolov\u00e9 uskupen\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b jedn\u00e9 nebo dvou americk\u00fdch letadlov\u00fdch lod\u00ed, k ochran\u011b dod\u00e1vek obil\u00ed v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Tato mohutn\u00e1 s\u00edla by mohla prezidenta Vladimira Putina odradit od z\u00e1sahu vzhledem k mo\u017en\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm takov\u00e9 akce. Tato mo\u017enost by v\u0161ak nevratn\u011b poru\u0161ila \u00damluvu o \u00fa\u017ein\u00e1ch z Montreux, co\u017e by si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo uzav\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 dohody o regulaci n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho pr\u016fjezdu tureck\u00fdmi \u00fa\u017einami.<\/p>\n<h2>Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00famluvy o \u00fa\u017ein\u00e1ch Montreux<\/h2>\n<p>B\u011bhem prvn\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zabr\u00e1nila \u00damluva o pr\u016flivech z Montreux omezen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed z jin\u00fdch ne\u017e pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f tomu, aby se \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e stalo d\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm konfrontace mezi velmocemi. To poskytlo Turecku mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt vyv\u00e1\u017eenou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku, co\u017e by v nestabiln\u00edm a siln\u011b militarizovan\u00e9m regionu bylo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k v\u00fdznamu \u00famluvy by se Ankara m\u011bla br\u00e1nit pokus\u016fm o jej\u00ed podkop\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhnout se krok\u016fm, kter\u00e9 by mohly v\u00e9st k eskalaci nap\u011bt\u00ed a konflikt\u016f na strategick\u00e9 vodn\u00ed cest\u011b, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lce. Nam\u00edsto toho by se Turecko m\u011blo zasazovat o dosa\u017een\u00ed dohod a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dialogu s Ruskem s c\u00edlem zajistit hladk\u00fd p\u0159esun region\u00e1ln\u00edho obil\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed trh p\u0159es \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm a tlaku na kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 zisky by Turkije m\u011bla up\u0159ednostnit dlouhodobou stabilitu a m\u00edr v regionu. Je nezbytn\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit kritickou infrastrukturu, jako jsou plynovody, p\u0159ed mo\u017en\u00fdmi pokusy o sabot\u00e1\u017e, nebo\u0165 jsou \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro energetickou bezpe\u010dnost zem\u011b. Ankara by proto m\u011bla vypracovat komplexn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny a strategie na ochranu sv\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b pr\u016fzkumu, dohledu a monitorovac\u00edch aktivit ve vzduchu, na povrchu i pod vodou.<\/p>\n<p>V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku by se p\u0159\u00edstup Turecka k region\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m m\u011bl \u0159\u00eddit p\u0159edv\u00eddavost\u00ed, diplomaci\u00ed a z\u00e1vazkem udr\u017eet \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e jako z\u00f3nu m\u00edru a spolupr\u00e1ce. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem m\u016f\u017ee Turecko i nad\u00e1le hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i posilov\u00e1n\u00ed stability a bezpe\u010dnosti v tomto strategicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m regionu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Turker Erturk<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"podcarou\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/new.thecradle.co\/articles\/the-black-sea-a-new-arena-for-a-global-clash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">The Black Sea: A new arena for a global clash?<\/a> vy\u0161el 3.8.2023 na new.thecradle.co. P\u0159eklad\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zvedavec.news\/komentare\/2023\/08\/9736-cerne-more-nova-arena-globalniho-stretu.htm\">Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stranapro.cz\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-30218 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-300x36.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"733\" height=\"88\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-300x36.png 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner-768x93.png 768w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/PRO-banner.png 849w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vzhledem k rostouc\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i, touze Ukrajiny po \u010dlenstv\u00ed v NATO, oslaben\u00e9mu glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23610,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[628,22,55,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33764"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33764"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33764\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}