{"id":33391,"date":"2023-08-03T00:59:35","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T22:59:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=33391"},"modified":"2023-08-02T16:19:33","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T14:19:33","slug":"evropska-komise-zkouma-pristup-americke-policie-k-biometrickym-udajum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/08\/03\/evropska-komise-zkouma-pristup-americke-policie-k-biometrickym-udajum\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropsk\u00e1 komise zkoum\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup americk\u00e9 policie k biometrick\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Americk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady cht\u011bj\u00ed zji\u0161\u0165ovat otisky prst\u016f a sn\u00edmky obli\u010dej\u016f celkem ve 40 zem\u00edch, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina je v Evrop\u011b.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Programu bezv\u00edzov\u00e9ho styku vl\u00e1dy USA (VWP\u00a0<\/span>)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se v sou\u010dasnosti \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed celkem 40 zem\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Washington tak garantuje, \u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 dot\u010den\u00fdch zem\u00ed mohou vstoupit do zem\u011b za \u00fa\u010delem podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nebo turistiky po dobu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f bez v\u00edza.\u00a0Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se vztahuje na sebe navz\u00e1jem, ob\u010dan\u00e9 USA mohou tak\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvit 40 zem\u00ed bez v\u00edz.\u00a0Mezi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky VWP jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny zem\u011b Schengenu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da nyn\u00ed po\u017eaduje, aby st\u00e1ty \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00ed se VWP ud\u011blily p\u0159\u00edstup ke sv\u00fdm policejn\u00edm biometrick\u00fdm datab\u00e1z\u00edm v r\u00e1mci \u201eEnhanced Border Security Partnership\u201c (EBSP).\u00a0Pohrani\u010dn\u00ed a policejn\u00ed org\u00e1ny USA by m\u011bly m\u00edt mo\u017enost dotazovat se na otisky prst\u016f a sn\u00edmky obli\u010deje v informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech v zem\u00edch Schengenu.\u00a0Takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed je neobvykl\u00fd i mezi sp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00fdmi tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to prvn\u00ed takov\u00fd po\u017eadavek na st\u00e1ty VWP.\u00a0V roce 2006 vl\u00e1da USA na\u0159\u00eddila, aby se programu mohly z\u00fa\u010dastnit pouze zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed biometrick\u00e9 pasy.\u00a0V roce 2008 zavedly americk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady povinn\u00fd syst\u00e9m ESTA pro p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 oznamov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hranic.\u00a0O deset let pozd\u011bji byly v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty VWP povinny\u00a0<\/span>podepsat Prevence a boj proti z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9mu zlo\u010dinu (PCSC) pro jejich odd\u011blen\u00ed pro vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kontroverze ohledn\u011b po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho \u201epartnerstv\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/h3>\n

V EU ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e rok vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 kontroverze po\u017eadovan\u00e9 \u201epartnerstv\u00ed\u201c pro vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed biometrick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f.\u00a0V \u00fanoru 2022 americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da o pl\u00e1nech poprv\u00e9 informovala n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1ty VWP,\u00a0<\/span>v\u010detn\u011b N\u011bmecka<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Podle toho by m\u011blo j\u00edt o bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody s jednotliv\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dami.\u00a0Pokud odm\u00edtnou otev\u0159\u00edt sv\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze, riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee budou od roku 2027 vylou\u010deni z americk\u00e9ho programu bezv\u00edzov\u00e9ho styku.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edzov\u00e1 politika EU je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tzv. schengensk\u00e9ho acquis od podpisu Amsterodamsk\u00e9 smlouvy v roce 1997.\u00a0Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed dohody s jin\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dami proto mus\u00ed platit stejn\u011b pro v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty Schengenu.\u00a0Evropsk\u00e1 komise sleduje zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezv\u00edzov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, a proto m\u016f\u017ee zah\u00e1jit \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o nespln\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti by m\u011bl Brusel zakro\u010dit proti americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b: ob\u010dan\u016fm Bulharska, Rumunska a Kypru je st\u00e1le odep\u0159en bezv\u00edzov\u00fd styk s USA, tak\u017ee tyto t\u0159i zem\u011b jsou znev\u00fdhodn\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto toho, aby p\u0159ijala opat\u0159en\u00ed proti vl\u00e1d\u011b USA a pozastavila souvisej\u00edc\u00ed EBSP, prosazuje to Komise.\u00a0Brusel prosazuje \u201epragmatick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup\u201c a pova\u017euje po\u017eadovan\u00e9 \u201ehrani\u010dn\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed\u201c za \u201eodd\u011blen\u00e9 od z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s v\u00edzovou politikou\u201c.\u00a0<\/span>Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z dokumentu vydan\u00e9ho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0britskou organizac\u00ed pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Statewatch\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u0159esn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad<\/span><\/h3>\n

Od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2022 projedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 Komise \u201etechnick\u00e9 podrobnosti\u201c v pracovn\u00ed skupin\u011b z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem, v\u010detn\u011b \u201epr\u00e1vn\u00edch a politick\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f\u201c.\u00a0Odd\u011blen\u00ed EBSP od VWP, kter\u00e9 Komise vytvo\u0159ila speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro tato jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, stoj\u00ed na vratk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch z\u00e1kladech.\u00a0To je tak\u00e9 n\u00e1zor pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby Rady, kter\u00e1 po\u017eaduje od Komise jednozna\u010dnost, aby pak mohla k v\u011bci napsat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed stanovisko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti by Komise mohla form\u00e1ln\u011b vyjedn\u00e1vat s vl\u00e1dou USA o EBSP \u2013 ale nejprve by ji o to musela po\u017e\u00e1dat Rada.\u00a0Podle smluv EU m\u016f\u017ee Komise p\u0159edlo\u017eit n\u00e1vrh takov\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed Rady.\u00a0Takov\u00fd mand\u00e1t v\u0161ak pro EBSP neexistuje a v sou\u010dasnosti se nepl\u00e1nuje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed Komise p\u0159ipravuje studii proveditelnosti \u201ek posouzen\u00ed proveditelnosti v\u00fdm\u011bny informac\u00ed mezi EU a USA s c\u00edlem zlep\u0161it spr\u00e1vu hranic\u201c.\u00a0To je\u00a0<\/span>odpov\u011b\u010f na parlamentn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0poslankyn\u011b Cornelie Ernst.\u00a0Studie m\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 prozkoumat, jak\u00e1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o ochran\u011b dat by se vztahovala na americk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady, v\u010detn\u011b obecn\u00e9ho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a policejn\u00ed sm\u011brnice EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed pochybnosti<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed Rady zaslalo \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm seznam ot\u00e1zek k pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 studii proveditelnosti, na kter\u00fd odpov\u011bd\u011blo nejm\u00e9n\u011b osm vl\u00e1d.\u00a0Odpov\u011bdi na tento dokument tak\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed nesouhlas,\u00a0<\/span>jak se uk\u00e1zalo v \u017e\u00e1dosti o svobodu informac\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b Schengenu jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad spokojeny s koordinac\u00ed Komise.\u00a0Jin\u00ed zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed bruselsk\u00e9 \u201eodd\u011blen\u00ed\u201c EBSP od v\u00edzov\u00e9 \u200b\u200bpolitiky EU-USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi pochybuj\u00edc\u00edmi je krom\u011b francouzsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy i vl\u00e1da n\u011bmeck\u00e1.\u00a0V prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 delegace po\u017e\u00e1dala o informace o \u201epragmatick\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu\u201c Komise.\u00a0Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da chce v\u011bd\u011bt, zda bylo \u201eodd\u011blen\u00ed\u201c rozhovor\u016f o EBSP od VWP zam\u00fd\u0161leno vl\u00e1dou USA, nebo zda to Komise \u017eene kup\u0159edu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je rovn\u011b\u017e ot\u00e1zkou, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je \u201epartnerstv\u00ed\u201c v EBSP zalo\u017eeno na \u00fapln\u00e9 reciprocit\u011b, jak je obvykl\u00e9 i ve VWP.\u00a0Spolkov\u00e1 policie \u2013 kter\u00e1 je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za bezpe\u010dnost hranic v N\u011bmecku \u2013 by proto m\u011bla m\u00edt nejpozd\u011bji do roku 2027 p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161em otisk\u016fm prst\u016f a sn\u00edmk\u016fm obli\u010dej\u016f ob\u010dan\u016f USA, kter\u00e9 policie shrom\u00e1\u017edila.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hroz\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny dat mezi EU a USA<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u201eBezpe\u010dnost hranic\u201c je uvedena jako \u00fa\u010del v\u00fdm\u011bny dat v EBSP.\u00a0Pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody se 40 st\u00e1ty VWP by v\u0161ak mohly j\u00edt mnohem d\u00e1l.\u00a0Proto\u017ee kompetentn\u00edm org\u00e1nem na americk\u00e9 stran\u011b by bylo ministerstvo pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, kter\u00e9 chce biometrick\u00e1 data vyu\u017e\u00edvat nap\u0159\u00edklad pro prov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o azyl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokument zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd Statewatch poprv\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee EBSP by mohl b\u00fdt implementov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch dohod PCSC.\u00a0Pot\u00e9 by m\u011bl b\u00fdt zaji\u0161t\u011bn tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstup k otisk\u016fm prst\u016f a sn\u00edmk\u016fm obli\u010deje ob\u010dan\u016f EU, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 bojovat proti z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a p\u0159edch\u00e1zet j\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Europol tak\u00e9 pracuje na v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b dat mezi krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed polici\u00ed.\u00a0Spolu s ministerstvem vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti USA chce policejn\u00ed agentura EU v pilotn\u00edm projektu otestovat p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f o odep\u0159en\u00ed vstupu.\u00a0To m\u00e1 ovlivnit lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou podez\u0159el\u00ed z toho, \u017ee jsou terorist\u00e9.<\/span>\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

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Americk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady cht\u011bj\u00ed zji\u0161\u0165ovat otisky prst\u016f a sn\u00edmky obli\u010dej\u016f celkem ve 40 zem\u00edch, z nich\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33392,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,86,37,5599],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33391"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33391"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33391\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}