{"id":33054,"date":"2023-07-29T01:08:54","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T23:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=33054"},"modified":"2023-07-28T13:55:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T11:55:05","slug":"beda-lidem-jak-umela-inteligence-dehumanizuje-lidstvo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/07\/29\/beda-lidem-jak-umela-inteligence-dehumanizuje-lidstvo\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u011bda lidem: Jak um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence dehumanizuje lidstvo"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zl\u00e1 dvoj\u010data Technokracie a Transhumanismu jsou spojena za \u00fa\u010delem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 populace na planet\u011b Zemi a mikro\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee \u017eij\u00ed ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 diktatu\u0159e.\u00a0To je nyn\u00ed dob\u0159e zdokumentov\u00e1no na mnoha front\u00e1ch dne\u0161n\u00edho sv\u011bta.\u00a0V\u00fdsledkem je rozklad lidstva.\u00a0\u2043 Editor TN<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Budoucnost lidstva se st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b lidskou.\u00a0<\/span>Ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed schopnosti ChatGPT a dal\u0161\u00edch forem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence vyvolaly obavy z nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho v\u011bku stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 ponech\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e1lo m\u00edsta pro lidskou kreativitu nebo zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Dokonce i architekti tohoto odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta bij\u00ed na poplach.\u00a0<\/span>Sam Altman, p\u0159edseda p\u0159edstavenstva a gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel spole\u010dnosti OpenAI, kter\u00e1 vyvinula ChatGPT,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>ned\u00e1vno varoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee\u00a0\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence\u00a0\u00a0p\u0159edstavuje\u00a0\u00a0pro lidstvo \u201eexisten\u010dn\u00ed riziko\u201c a varoval Kongres, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u201em\u016f\u017ee dopadnout \u0161patn\u011b\u201c.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Zat\u00edmco historie je pln\u00e1 apokalyptick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed, nov\u00e9 poplachy jsou jin\u00e9, proto\u017ee se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed uprost\u0159ed \u0161irok\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch sil, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lidsk\u00e9 bytosti ztratily v\u00edru v sebe a spojen\u00ed s lidstvem obecn\u011b.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nov\u00fd sv\u011bton\u00e1zor by se dal nejl\u00e9pe popsat jako antihumanismus.\u00a0Tato p\u0159edstava odm\u00edt\u00e1 my\u0161lenku, \u017ee lidsk\u00e9 bytosti jsou v\u011b\u010dn\u011b vynal\u00e9zav\u00e1, spole\u010densky propojen\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed schopn\u00e1 podivuhodn\u00fdch v\u00fdtvor\u016f \u2013 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 p\u00edsma, Shakespearovy hry, Beethovenova hudba, Einsteinova v\u011bda.\u00a0M\u00edsto toho stav\u00ed lidi, spole\u010dnost a samotn\u00fd lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot jako probl\u00e9m.\u00a0M\u00edsto toho, aby spole\u010dnost vid\u011bla jako n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 lidem budovat a vzkv\u00e9tat, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje pot\u0159ebu omezit \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 by lidstvo mohlo zp\u016fsobit. \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mnoho aktivist\u016f v oblasti zm\u011bny klimatu nap\u0159\u00edklad tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee vyhynut\u00ed lidstva by mohlo b\u00fdt \u010dist\u00fdm plusem pro planetu Zemi.\u00a0St\u00e1tem schv\u00e1len\u00e1 eutanazie, kter\u00e1 byla je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety pova\u017eov\u00e1na za radik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatok na posv\u00e1tnost \u017eivota, se v mnoha z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch st\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed \u2013 dostupnou nejen pro nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u011b nemocn\u00e9, ale i pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou prost\u011b unaveni \u017eivotem.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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To v\u0161e se d\u011bje, proto\u017ee spole\u010denskov\u011bdn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy odhaluj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se od sebe st\u00e1le v\u00edce odd\u011bluj\u00ed.\u00a0Tradi\u010dn\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159e komunity a spojen\u00ed \u2013 rodina, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, d\u011bti, c\u00edrkev, sousedstv\u00ed \u2013 ch\u0159adly a podporovaly ka\u017edodenn\u00ed existenci, kterou pro mnoho lid\u00ed definuje osam\u011blost.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstava o lidsk\u00fdch bytostech, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, kolektivn\u00ed projekt s ur\u010dit\u00fdm smyslem pro spole\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl, je nahrazena solipsistick\u00fdm individualismem, kter\u00fd neguje klasick\u00e9 liber\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty sebeur\u010den\u00ed a osobn\u00edch svobod ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m n\u00e1zoru, kter\u00fd ru\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 vybudovali.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto trendy, kter\u00e9 byly studov\u00e1ny p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b izolovan\u011b, by mohly b\u00fdt zes\u00edleny vzestupem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco lidstvo z\u00e1pas\u00ed s mocn\u00fdmi nov\u00fdmi technologiemi, rostouc\u00ed po\u010det v\u00fdzkum\u016f nazna\u010duje, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt, zda jsou lidsk\u00e9 bytosti ochotny utv\u00e1\u0159et sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed odkaz v nov\u00e9m sv\u011btov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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B\u016fh jako Gaia\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Antihumanismus m\u00e1 dlouhou historii \u2013 lze ji vysledovat p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm k Thomasi Malthusovi, kter\u00fd v roce 1789 varoval, \u017ee p\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00ed je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrozbou pro lidskou prosperitu.\u00a0P\u0159esto\u017ee britsk\u00fd ekonom a duchovn\u00ed nebyl v\u016f\u010di lidstvu nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd a jeho temn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi se nikdy nenaplnily, jeho tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9mem jsou lid\u00e9, poskytlo cri\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>de coeur\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0modern\u00edmu ekologick\u00e9mu hnut\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>V roce 1968 bestseller \u201ePopula\u010dn\u00ed bomba\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0biologa\u00a0 Paula Ehrlicha,\u00a0\u00a0kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159oval hr\u016fzu z mno\u017een\u00ed lid\u00ed,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>prorokoval, \u017ee pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst populace povede k masov\u00e9mu hladov\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Ehrlich a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>jeho akolyt\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0nal\u00e9hali na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed katastrofy, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>steriliza\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159edku\u00a0<\/span><\/a>k z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo lidsk\u00e9 reprodukci.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tyto n\u00e1zory nezmizely.\u00a0<\/span>Zpr\u00e1va \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho klubu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0financovan\u00e1 velk\u00fdmi podniky\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0, vydan\u00e1 v roce 1972, obsahovala agendu \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a omezov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo masov\u00e9mu hladov\u011bn\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu chaosu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu obyvatelstvem.\u00a0Starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed lidstva o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010d\u00ed a pohodl\u00ed \u2013 jeho z\u00e1vazek k pokroku a prosperit\u011b \u2013 bylo vr\u017eeno jako smrteln\u00e1 hrozba.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Jin\u00ed byli m\u00e9n\u011b politi\u010dt\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m objet\u00ed protilidsk\u00fdch mem\u016f.\u00a0V roce 1991 oce\u00e1nograf\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Jacques Cousteau<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0159ekl, \u017ee \u201eabychom stabilizovali sv\u011btovou populaci, mus\u00edme odstranit 350 000 lid\u00ed denn\u011b\u201c.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Dnes tento zp\u016fsob my\u0161len\u00ed informuje mnoho aktivist\u016f v oblasti zm\u011bny klimatu, kte\u0159\u00ed, jak poznamenal\u00a0\u00a0spisovatel\u00a0\u00a0Austin Williams<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee lidsk\u00e9 bytosti p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u201enejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m na planet\u011b\u201c na rozd\u00edl od \u201etv\u016frc\u016f lep\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti\u201c.\u00a0V\u00edce ne\u017e 11 000 v\u011bdc\u016f podepsalo v roce 2019 nouzov\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, podle kter\u00e9ho by\u00a0\u00a0prioritou<\/a>\u00a0m\u011blo b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b lid\u00ed .\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V kv\u011btnov\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku New Yorker<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0o \u201eThe Earth Transformed\u201c, nov\u00e9 knize profesora Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity Petera Frankopana, harvardsk\u00e1 profesorka Jill Leporeov\u00e1 poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eVe sv\u00e9m ne zrovna vesel\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bru se d\u00edv\u00e1 do mo\u017en\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 budoucnosti, v n\u00ed\u017e lid\u00e9 selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed. k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu a vyhynut\u00ed, Frankopan p\u00ed\u0161e: ‚Na\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1tou budou zisky pro ostatn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata a rostliny.’\u201c Lepore pak zavtipkoval: \u201eVelice!\u201c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Manifesty, jako je Frankopan\u016fv, jeho\u017e psan\u00ed o historii zm\u011bny klimatu je dosti jemn\u00e9, odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed, jak klimatick\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0agenda sm\u011b\u0159uje k apokalyptismu a vysoce toxick\u00e9mu pohledu na lidstvo.\u00a0Ji\u017e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee planeta je odsouzena k z\u00e1hub\u011b.\u00a0<\/span>A\u010dkoli jen m\u00e1lokdo up\u0159ednost\u0148uje klima jako sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, obavy z oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed podporuj\u00ed hluboce protilidskou agendu zalo\u017eenou na zb\u00edda\u010den\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti populace.\u00a0Mnoho\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0korpor\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f, stejn\u011b jako jejich spojenci z \u0159ad zelen\u00fdch aktivist\u016f, p\u0159ijalo pojem \u201eodr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, p\u0159ijalo podivnou formu autarkick\u00e9ho\u00a0\u00a0feudalismu\u00a0<\/span>,<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v n\u011bm\u017e lid\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed na mal\u00fdch m\u00edstech,\u00a0\u00a0jed\u00ed chudou stravu<\/a>\u00a0a vzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed se v\u0161eho.\u00a0\u0161ance na vzestupnou mobilitu.\u00a0Hnut\u00ed \u201emal\u00fd d\u016fm\u201c je mal\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem.\u00a0Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zveli\u010dovat, o jak\u00fd radik\u00e1ln\u00ed odklon se jedn\u00e1 od za\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spojuje pokrok s rostouc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed, nato\u017e s vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm potomk\u016f.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vy\u017eaduje kvazin\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd z\u00e1vazek\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>, kter\u00fd, pokud si nen\u00e1rokuje ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed od Boha, p\u016fsob\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>jako prav\u00e1 ruka Gaie a \u00fadajn\u011b posv\u011bcen\u00e9 v\u011bdy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span>Dva ekologov\u00e9, p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0letos v dubnu do \u010dasopisu\u00a0Time<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, tvrdili, \u017ee Den Zem\u011b by m\u011bl b\u00fdt ozna\u010den za \u201en\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek\u201c stejn\u011b jako Velikonoce a Pesach.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Vyhasl\u00e1 rodina <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, sakralizovan\u00e9 slavnosti Dne Zem\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebudou oslavovat rodinu nebo lidskou plodnost.\u00a0Vazby mezi rodi\u010di, d\u011btmi a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rodinou po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b z\u0159eteln\u011b sl\u00e1bnou a podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak pouta, kter\u00e1 dr\u017eela lidskou spole\u010dnost pohromad\u011b od nejstar\u0161\u00edch dob.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Samotn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka rodiny je st\u00e1le v\u00edce\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>napad\u00e1na, zejm\u00e9na ze strany univerzit a m\u00e9di\u00ed, kter\u00e9 otev\u0159en\u011b kritizuj\u00ed monogamii a nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed rodinu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vychvaluj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu alternativ v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0\u00a0polyamorie<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a n\u011bkter\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>formy kolektivizovan\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy d\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Novin\u00e1\u0159 David Brooks z New York Times,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>kter\u00fd se minul\u00fd t\u00fdden tr\u00e1pil t\u00edm, \u017ee\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u201elidsk\u00e9 bytosti budou brzy zatemn\u011bny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c AI, tak\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>v roce 2020 v The Atlantic tvrdil, \u017ee\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u201enukle\u00e1rn\u00ed rodina byla chyba\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Brooks, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probuzen\u00fd fanatik, podivn\u011b opakoval skupinu Black Lives Matter, kter\u00e1 se postavila\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>proti nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed rodin\u011b.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed platformy, i kdy\u017e rozpad rodiny ubl\u00ed\u017eil ze v\u0161eho nejv\u00edc afroamerick\u00fdm chlapc\u016fm.\u00a0<\/span>Jedna prominentn\u00ed feministka,\u00a0\u00a0Sophie Lewis<\/a>\u00a0, obhajuje \u201epln\u00e9 n\u00e1hradn\u00ed mate\u0159stv\u00ed\u201c jako n\u00e1hradu za tradi\u010dn\u00ed rodinu.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Jist\u011b, mnoho d\u011bt\u00ed je vychov\u00e1v\u00e1no bez dvou rodi\u010d\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>Po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v dom\u00e1cnostech s jedn\u00edm rodi\u010dem se za posledn\u00edch 50 let v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobil.\u00a0Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0vzrostla\u00a0m\u00edra osam\u011bl\u00e9ho rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed z 10 % v roce 1960 na dne\u0161n\u00edch v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 %.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e n\u00e1rodem rodin se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty st\u00e1vaj\u00ed sb\u00edrkou autonomn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch bytost\u00ed a bezd\u011btn\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Dopady slab\u0161\u00ed rodiny, jak poznamenal u\u010denec z Brookings Institution Richard Reeves a dal\u0161\u00ed, nejv\u00edce poci\u0165uj\u00ed chud\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, a zejm\u00e9na jejich potomci.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u201eToto je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejl\u00e9pe zdokumentovan\u00fd fakt v sociologii v Americe, kter\u00fd si nikdo nechce p\u0159iznat,\u201c\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0poznamenala\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>demografka Mary Eberstadtov\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Vazby mezi\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>dysfunkc\u00ed rodiny a kriminalitou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0jsou jasn\u00e9 p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed.\u00a0Toto zhroucen\u00ed se zhor\u0161ilo, proto\u017ee p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 m\u011bst v San Franciscu, Los Angeles, Seattlu, Portlandu, New Yorku a dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech nyn\u00ed akceptuj\u00ed bezdomovectv\u00ed, otev\u0159en\u00e9 drogov\u00e9 trhy a drobnou kriminalitu.\u00a0<\/span>To lze pova\u017eovat za dal\u0161\u00ed aspekt antihumanismu, kter\u00fd odm\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou schopni\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>produktivn\u00edho a napl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho \u017eivota.\u00a0Nam\u00edsto toho, abychom lidi vid\u011bli jako \u010dleny komunity se vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdmi z\u00e1vazky, odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed to ur\u010dit\u00fd druh individualismu \u017eij a nechej zem\u0159\u00edt, kter\u00fd vede k izolaci, zoufalstv\u00ed a hn\u011bvu.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ameri\u010dan bez p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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\u00dapadek rodiny odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jen jeden aspekt st\u00e1le v\u00edce dehumanizovan\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du.\u00a0Americk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pro s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>zjistil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee v roce 2020 m\u011blo 28 % americk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed pouze jednu osobu. V roce 1940 to bylo pouh\u00fdch 8 %.\u00a0V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu proveden\u00e9m spole\u010dnost\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Cigna<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 80 % dosp\u011bl\u00fdch ve v\u011bku 18 a\u017e 24 let uvedlo, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00ed osam\u011ble.\u00a0V roce 2018, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem pandemie COVID-19,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>jedna studie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee 54 % Ameri\u010dan\u016f m\u011blo pocit, \u017ee je nikdo v jejich \u017eivot\u011b dob\u0159e nezn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eAtomizace\u201c Ameriky<\/a>\u00a0, kterou poprv\u00e9 zkoumal p\u0159ed 20 lety Robert Putnam v knih\u00e1ch jako \u201eBowling Alone\u201c, se jednodu\u0161e \u201eurychlila \u0161patn\u00fdm sm\u011brem,\u201c varuje novin\u00e1\u0159ka Jennifer Senior.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kdy\u017e pandemie na ja\u0159e 2022 skon\u010dila a mnoz\u00ed se cht\u011bli vr\u00e1tit k \u017eivotu co nejnorm\u00e1ln\u011bji, pr\u016fzkum\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>mezi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi Ameri\u010dany uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pro mnoho lid\u00ed je nyn\u00ed t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed navazovat vztahy a jedna \u010dtvrtina dosp\u011bl\u00fdch poci\u0165ovala \u00fazkost ze spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. .\u00a0Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem \u00fazkosti, kter\u00fd sd\u00edlelo 29 % respondent\u016f, byla \u201enev\u011bdomost, co \u0159\u00edct nebo jak interagovat\u201c.\u00a0Jak poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed koment\u00e1tor\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Arthur Brooks<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: \u201eMnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s jednodu\u0161e zapomn\u011bli, jak b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00e1teli.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ale jsou to mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nesou hlavn\u00ed t\u00edhu vlny osam\u011blosti.\u00a0<\/span>\u00dadaje z Pr\u016fzkumu komunity a spole\u010dnosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0American Enterprise Institute\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee mlad\u0161\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 jsou ve skute\u010dnosti mnohem osam\u011blej\u0161\u00ed a izolovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e star\u0161\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad 44 % lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku 18 a\u017e 29 let uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee se alespo\u0148 n\u011bkdy c\u00edt\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b sami, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pouh\u00fdmi 19 % lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku 60 a\u017e 70 let.\u00a0Snad nejv\u00edce znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee 22 % mlad\u0161\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f uvedlo, \u017ee \u201ez\u0159\u00eddka\u201c nebo \u201enikdy\u201c maj\u00ed n\u011bkoho, na koho se mohou v nouzi obr\u00e1tit.\u00a0U star\u0161\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f bylo toto \u010d\u00edslo pouh\u00fdch 5 %.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Co tedy nahrazuje lidsk\u00e9 spojen\u00ed?\u00a0\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed je st\u00e1le v\u00edce vyj\u00e1d\u0159eno jako\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>sebel\u00e1ska<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0p\u0159edstava, \u017ee jednotlivec, a\u0165 je jakkoli chybn\u00fd, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt oslavov\u00e1n nade v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 vazby.\u00a0<\/span>Podle\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>jednoho ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu<\/span><\/a>\u00a044 % lid\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee sebel\u00e1ska je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm aspektem du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed.\u00a0Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>jako je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>popov\u00e1 zp\u011bva\u010dka Lizzo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>sebel\u00e1ska znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ijmout i takov\u00e9 rysy, jako je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>obezita,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0kter\u00e9 jsou jasnou hrozbou pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V t\u00e9to technologicky dominuj\u00edc\u00ed budoucnosti je i ten nejp\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd lidsk\u00fd kontakt nahrazov\u00e1n um\u011bl\u00fdmi podn\u011bty.\u00a0Mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed upad\u00e1 do toho, co v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci charakterizovali jako \u201e\u00a0<\/span>sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed recesi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c.\u00a0<\/span>Do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu\u00a0\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9ho sexu<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a\u00a0\u00a0\u010detn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0zjistily, \u017ee\u00a0konzumace ornografie m\u016f\u017ee negativn\u011b ovlivnit man\u017eelskou intimitu a sn\u00ed\u017eit spokojenost ve vztahu.\u00a0Mlad\u0161\u00ed generace maj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto sex<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nestabilitu vztah\u016f, co\u017e vede k men\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu man\u017eelstv\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed atomizaci.\u00a0V Japonsku, p\u0159edzv\u011bsti modern\u00ed asijsk\u00e9 demografie, zhruba t\u0159etina mu\u017e\u016f vstupuje do sv\u00fdch 30 let jako\u00a0\u00a0panny.<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0a \u010dtvrtina mu\u017e\u016f nad 50 let se nikdy nevd\u00e1.\u00a0T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>t\u0159etina Japonc\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0ve v\u011bku 30 let nikdy nem\u011bla sex.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Psycholo\u017eka\u00a0<\/span>Maytal Eyalov\u00e1, p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Time<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, cituje Republik\u00e1nku Alexandrii Ocasio-Cortezovou, kter\u00e1 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee milovat sebe sama je \u201ejedn\u00edm z\u00e1kladem v\u0161eho\u201c.\u00a0Cituje tak\u00e9 Nicole LaPera, klinickou psycholo\u017eku s 6,4 miliony n\u00e1sledovn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e1 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201esebel\u00e1ska je n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159irozen\u00fd stav,\u201c cituje Miley Cyrus, jej\u00ed\u017e ned\u00e1vn\u00fd hit \u201eFlowers\u201c hl\u00e1s\u00e1: \u201eMohu m\u011b milovat l\u00e9pe ne\u017e ty.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u017divot, smrt a m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se postoje\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Jak se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v \u201esebel\u00e1sce\u201c, antihumanismus spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>syst\u00e9mu\u00a0<\/a>v\u00edry<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd nahrazuje posv\u00e1tnost lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota novou ideologi\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159enou na p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a touhy autonomn\u00edho jedince.\u00a0To se vztahuje i na\u00a0\u00a0m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se pohledy na nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1losti lidsk\u00e9 existence, narozen\u00ed a smrt.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Postoje k eutanazii jsou st\u00e1le tolerantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a expanzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Podle Gallupa<\/span><\/a>\u00a0si dnes v\u011bt\u0161ina Ameri\u010dan\u016f (54 %)\u00a0\u00a0mysl\u00ed, \u017ee sebevra\u017eda asistovan\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159em je mor\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span>Deset st\u00e1t\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0nyn\u00ed poskytuje eutanazii.\u00a0N\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Massachusetts<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Vermontu,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0chce tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed postup\u016f na konci \u017eivota.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce pozadu.\u00a0V\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Kanad\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je eutanazie zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bna i t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>nejsou nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u011b nemocn\u00ed.\u00a0N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed o zabit\u00ed kv\u016fli\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>bezdomovectv\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0nebo\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>depresi;\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a0od doby, kdy v roce 2016 vstoupil v platnost nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon o eutanazii, vzrostl po\u010det jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>desetin\u00e1sobn\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span>Kanad\u0161t\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zdravotn\u00edci podle zpr\u00e1v nal\u00e9hali na nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u011b nemocn\u00e9 pacienty, aby ukon\u010dili sv\u016fj \u017eivot d\u0159\u00edve, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b proto, aby uhradili n\u00e1klady nemocnice.\u00a0Existuj\u00ed dokonce pl\u00e1ny vl\u00e1dy zv\u00e1\u017eit povolen\u00ed asistovan\u00e9 sebevra\u017edy nezletil\u00fdm\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>bez\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0souhlasu rodi\u010d\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tyto trendy lze pozorovat tak\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, jako je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u0160v\u00fdcarsko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kde lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u011b nemocn\u00ed, mohou organizovat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Ve\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u0160pan\u011blsku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se jeden odsouzen\u00fd vrah rozhodl pro sebevra\u017edu je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vynesen\u00edm rozsudku.\u00a0<\/span>Belgie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0povolila asistovanou sebevra\u017edu 23let\u00e9 \u017eeny s depresemi, co\u017e vyvolalo zna\u010dnou kontroverzi.\u00a0V\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Japonsku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se \u0161iroce diskutuje o tom, zda by tato rychle st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed populace m\u011bla zav\u00e9st eutanazii pro star\u0161\u00ed lidi, dokonce i pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou nemocn\u00ed nebo neum\u00edraj\u00ed.\u00a0V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce zem\u011b za\u017eila\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edce \u00famrt\u00ed ne\u017e narozen\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Posuny u n\u00e1s i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed odhaluj\u00ed klesaj\u00edc\u00ed hodnotu p\u0159ipisovanou lidsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu.\u00a0Pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>v oblasti ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v z Connecticutu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, b\u00fdval\u00fd siln\u00fd zast\u00e1nce liberalizovan\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f o eutanazii, uv\u00e1d\u00ed, jak l\u00e9ka\u0159i obhajovali asistovanou sebevra\u017edu pro pacienty s posti\u017een\u00edm, dokonce i pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou schopni \u017e\u00edt d\u00e9le a prosperovat.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Podobn\u00e9 postoje k \u017eivotu definuj\u00ed st\u00e1le sporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed debatu o potratech.\u00a0Kdy\u017e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Bill Clinton<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v roce 1992 kandidoval na prezidenta, jeho platformou bylo, \u017ee interrupce by m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u201ebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, leg\u00e1ln\u00ed a vz\u00e1cn\u00e1\u201c.\u00a0Dnes nejprominentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>zast\u00e1nci potrat\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v zemi \u00a0\u2013 stejn\u011b jako jejich opak v pro-life hnut\u00ed \u2013 nenech\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd prostor pro kompromisy.\u00a0Pro-choice v\u016fdci \u010dasto pova\u017euj\u00ed potraty za nezpochybniteln\u00e9 \u201elidsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo\u201c.\u00a0Stejn\u011b jako my\u0161lenka omezen\u00ed potrat\u016f kv\u016fli zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed a incestu a stanoven\u00ed velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch limit\u016f se v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b Ameri\u010dan\u016f zd\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed, alternativn\u00ed n\u00e1zor, kter\u00fd se ujal, je ten, \u017ee my\u0161lenka na potrat u\u017e nen\u00ed n\u011bco, co by bylo t\u0159eba litovat, ale oslavovat\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>.\u00a0A tento postoj jen zes\u00edlil po svr\u017een\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Roe v. Wade.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00dapadek n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Rostouc\u00ed atomizace spole\u010dnosti doprov\u00e1zela historick\u00fd \u00fapadek organizovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\u00a0\u00dadaje z pr\u016fzkumu ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee u dvou skupin se m\u00edra ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161ila v\u00fdrazn\u011bji ne\u017e u ostatn\u00edch: svobodn\u00ed lid\u00e9 a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed pravideln\u011b nechodili na bohoslu\u017eby.\u00a0Vyblednut\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na mezi mlad\u00fdmi lidmi, zesiluje izolaci;\u00a0<\/span>nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fzkum AEI<\/span><\/a>\u00a0naopak odhaluje, \u017ee\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>b\u00fdt v\u011brn\u00fd a b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 komunity hluboce ovliv\u0148uje pocity propojen\u00ed a izolace<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00dapadek n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed realitou ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed.\u00a0V\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Evrop\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0se v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % lid\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edch 40 let neidentifikuje s \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span>Amerika, kdysi pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za v\u00fdjimku z glob\u00e1ln\u00edho sekulariza\u010dn\u00edho trendu, je nyn\u00ed tak\u00e9 rychle \u201e\u00a0<\/span>nec\u00edrkevn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c.\u00a0Mlad\u0161\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 mohou st\u00e1le p\u0159ijmout p\u0159edstavu\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0duchovn\u00ed moci , ale opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 instituce\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0rychleji\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0ne\u017e jejich prot\u011bj\u0161ky p\u0159ed t\u0159emi desetilet\u00edmi.\u00a0T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40 % lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku 18-29 let je bez n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pokles v\u00edry mezi nejmlad\u0161\u00edmi americk\u00fdmi kohortami jist\u011b ohro\u017euje trajektorii zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed rodin;\u00a0Plodnost\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u017een<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00edc\u00edch alespo\u0148 t\u00fddenn\u00ed bohoslu\u017eby je zhruba o polovinu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u sekul\u00e1rn\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span>Celosv\u011btov\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed ,\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je \u00farove\u0148 v\u00edry, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bude plodnost zem\u011b, co\u017e nazna\u010duje jeden ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak je tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v rozporu s protilidskou perspektivou mnoha \u010dlen\u016f klimatick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Siln\u00fd z\u00e1vazek k v\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 koreluje s propojenost\u00ed komunity a anga\u017eovanost\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Nap\u0159\u00edklad<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0jen 10 % n\u00e1bo\u017eensky pozorn\u00fdch \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele;\u00a0po\u010det se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tento vzorec se roz\u0161i\u0159uje i na mlad\u0161\u00ed generaci.\u00a0N\u00e1bo\u017een\u0161t\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee budou vykon\u00e1vat komunitn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, ne\u017e jejich nen\u00e1bo\u017een\u0161t\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0prot\u011bj\u0161ky Gen Z.\u00a0<\/span>\u00dadaje z celost\u00e1tn\u011b reprezentativn\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0mezi t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2 000 mlad\u00fdmi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi ve v\u011bku 18\u201325 let koordinovan\u00e9ho spole\u010dnost\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Neighborly Faith<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0odhaluj\u00ed, \u017ee polovina\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1bo\u017eensky zalo\u017een\u00fdch gen. Zers uv\u00e1d\u00ed dobrovolnictv\u00ed v komunit\u011b \u010dasto nebo velmi \u010dasto, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 30 % m\u00edrn\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensky zalo\u017een\u00fdch gen. Zers a pouze 21 % nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd Gen Zers.\u00a0Navzdory\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o ostrovtipu a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm odlou\u010den\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0mezi n\u00e1bo\u017eensky zalo\u017een\u00fdmi Ameri\u010dany jsou to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensky odd\u011blen\u00ed, kdo jsou izolov\u00e1ni a nespojuj\u00ed se s ostatn\u00edmi.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Technika a dehumanizace\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Pot\u00e9, co se lid\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lili od rodiny, komunity a p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, st\u00e1le v\u00edce hledaj\u00ed sp\u00e1su prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm technologie \u2013 s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi vysoce negativn\u00edmi v\u00fdsledky.\u00a0Zmocn\u011bn\u00edm jednotlivc\u016f se zd\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, chytr\u00e9 telefony a ostatn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eily pot\u0159ebu lidsk\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed.\u00a0Lid\u00e9 se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed vid\u011bt stejn\u011b jako stroje n\u00e1s \u2013 jako datov\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny do algoritm\u016f.\u00a0„V\u011bda sama o sob\u011b,“ \u0159ekl zesnul\u00fd britsk\u00fd n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk rab\u00edn Jonathan Sacks, „nem\u00e1 prostor pro empatii nebo pocit soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti.“\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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S r\u016fstem\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se st\u00e1le v\u00edce bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed vyhl\u00eddka na\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>nahrazen\u00ed lid\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0stroji\u00a0<\/span>.\u00a0V Japonsku, kde je nedostatek pracovn\u00edch sil obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b intenzivn\u00ed,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0roboti , kte\u0159\u00ed se staraj\u00ed o jejich st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed populaci a\u00a0<\/span><\/a>poskytuj\u00ed spole\u010dnost<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0st\u00e1le vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ml\u00e1\u010fat\u016fm,\u00a0\u00a0jako je tomu v dystopick\u00e9m sci-fi rom\u00e1nu Kazua Ishigura \u201e\u00a0Kl\u00e1ra a slunce<\/a>\u00a0\u201c.\u00a0St\u00e1le v\u00edce by dokonce i\u00a0\u00a0sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0mohly dominovat um\u011bl\u00e9 formy \u017eivota.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Zat\u00edmco lid\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed i sv\u00e9 nejintimn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vztahy stroj\u016fm, konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i nov\u00e9 protilidsk\u00e9 reality zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1zor, \u017ee postupem \u010dasu bude v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed ekonomicky nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1 a nepot\u0159ebn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Gregory Ferenstein<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd provedl rozhovor se 147 zakladateli technologick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, zjistil, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee \u201est\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl na ekonomick\u00e9m bohatstv\u00ed bude generovat men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st velmi talentovan\u00fdch nebo origin\u00e1ln\u00edch lid\u00ed.\u00a0V\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed se budou \u017eivit n\u011bjakou kombinac\u00ed podnikatelsk\u00e9 \u201epr\u00e1ce\u201c na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed pomoci.\u201c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nam\u00edsto toho, aby v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed pova\u017eovali za p\u0159\u00ednos pro spole\u010dnost a ekonomiku, si mnoz\u00ed technologick\u00ed v\u016fdci, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, jako je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Sam Altman<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed, \u017ee nab\u00eddnou mas\u00e1m to, co by Karl Marx nazval \u201eprolet\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm pytl\u00edkem almu\u017een\u201c, zaru\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem, kter\u00fd je ponech\u00e1 bez stresu, ale okrajov\u011b se zapoj\u00ed do jak spole\u010dnost funguje.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Tento n\u00e1zor podporuje\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch technologick\u00fdch oligarch\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u2013\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Mark Zuckerberg<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Elon Musk<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Travis Kalanick<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0(b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f Uberu), stejn\u011b jako Altman.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje jasn\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v tom, co guru virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed reality Rony Abovitz naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201epo\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou autokraci\u00ed\u201c.\u00a0<\/span>Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na Ameri\u010dany narozen\u00e9 po roce 1995,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 profesor New York University\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Jonathan Haidt<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u201ezjist\u00edte, \u017ee maj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysokou m\u00edru \u00fazkosti, deprese, sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed, sebevra\u017ed a k\u0159ehkosti.\u00a0<\/span>Poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee od roku 2010<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0u dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch d\u00edvek vzrostla m\u00edra deprese o 145 %, zat\u00edmco u mu\u017e\u016f o 161 %.\u00a0Podobn\u00e9 vzorce, v\u010detn\u011b hospitalizac\u00ed pro sebevra\u017edu, se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily v cel\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Znepokojiv\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>pr\u00e1ce Jean Twenge<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0profesora psychologie na St\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b v San Diegu, podrobn\u011b odhalila depresivn\u00ed symptomy mezi studenty K-12 za posledn\u00ed dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed.\u00a0Dnes polovina americk\u00fdch student\u016f (50 %) uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201enemohou d\u011blat nic spr\u00e1vn\u011b\u201c a \u017ee je \u201enebav\u00ed \u017eivot\u201c (49 %).\u00a0Bohu\u017eel 44 % tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jejich \u201e\u017eivot nen\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd\u201c, a to\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>odpov\u00edd\u00e1 mnoha postoj\u016fm na univerzitn\u00edch a univerzitn\u00edch kampusech po cel\u00fdch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span>Podle Rebeccy Rialon Berry<\/span><\/a>, profesor na kated\u0159e psychiatrie d\u011bt\u00ed a dorostu na New York University, \u201eintenzivn\u00ed zvuky, barvy a rychl\u00fd pohyb digit\u00e1ln\u00edho obsahu jej mohou u\u010dinit mnohem pohlcuj\u00edc\u00edm a fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm ne\u017e skute\u010dn\u00fd sv\u011bt \u2013 a proto je mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se od n\u011bj odpoutat. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

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Vzestup post-lidsk\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u011bkomu by technologie mohla tak\u00e9 poskytnout, jako kdysi n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, mechanismus k p\u0159etvo\u0159en\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 rasy.\u00a0<\/span>Masayoshi Son<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zakladatel vlivn\u00e9ho rizikov\u00e9ho fondu Softbank, ned\u00e1vno navrhl, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence by polo\u017eila z\u00e1klady pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201enad\u010dlov\u011bka\u201c.\u00a0V\u011bdci u\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 sny a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed bezpochyby v\u00edtaj\u00ed\u00a0 podporu\u00a0<\/span>Bidenovy administrativy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pro\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd projekt \u201ena psan\u00ed obvod\u016f pro bu\u0148ky a p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed biologie stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm p\u00ed\u0161eme software a programujeme po\u010d\u00edta\u010de\u201c.\u00a0Ale varovn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o snaze vytvo\u0159it \u201elep\u0161\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka\u201c je mnoho: Pod\u00edvejme se na\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>v\u011bdeck\u00e9 propag\u00e1tory<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americk\u00e9 eugeniky \u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.\u00a0<\/span>stolet\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0a na p\u0159\u00edklady\u00a0<\/span>Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem technologick\u00e9 elity bude \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edce spojovat\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>lidi se stroji.\u00a0\u201eTranshumanismus\u201c\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0je zalo\u017een na my\u0161lence, kterou zast\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdval\u00fd hlavn\u00ed v\u011bdec spole\u010dnosti Google\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Ray Kurzweil,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme \u201ep\u0159ekro\u010dit omezen\u00ed na\u0161ich biologick\u00fdch t\u011bl a mozk\u016f\u201c, z\u00edskat kontrolu nad \u201esv\u00fdm osudem\u201c i nad svou smrtelnost\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Nov\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0nepova\u017euje smrtelnost za b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st \u017eivota, ale za \u201echybu\u201c, kterou m\u00e1 technologie napravit.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A\u010dkoli to zn\u00ed jako kult, transhumanismus si z\u00edskal\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>oddan\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0ze Silicon Valley, v\u010detn\u011b Sergeje Brina, Larryho Page a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Raye Kurzweila\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0(z Googlu), a\u017e po Petera Thiela a guru AI\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Sama Altmana, jeho\u017e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Y Combinator vyv\u00edj\u00ed technologii pro\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho mozku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 jej digit\u00e1ln\u011b.\u00a0C\u00edlem je \u201erozv\u00edjet a podporovat realizaci\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Bo\u017estv\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Toto nov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je krokem k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bdecky uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti odd\u011blen\u00e9 od rodiny, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a \u0161irok\u00e9ho smyslu pro komunitu.\u00a0Filozof\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Yuval Noah Harari<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0si p\u0159edstavuje budoucnost, kde \u201e\u00a0<\/span>mal\u00e1 a privilegovan\u00e1 elita vylep\u0161en\u00fdch lid\u00ed\u201c pou\u017eije genetick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed k upevn\u011bn\u00ed nad\u0159azen\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed sv\u00fdch potomk\u016f \u2013 mal\u00e9, bohu podobn\u00e9 kasty toho, co naz\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0Homo deus a\u00a0\u00a0kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee panovat nad m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00fdmi. kognitivn\u011b nadan\u00fd\u00a0\u00a0Homo sapiens\u00a0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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„Chce\u0161 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak mohou superinteligentn\u00ed kyborgov\u00e9 zach\u00e1zet s oby\u010dejn\u00fdmi lidmi z masa a kost\u00ed?“\u00a0pt\u00e1 se Harari.\u00a0„Rad\u0161i za\u010dn\u011bte t\u00edm, \u017ee prozkoum\u00e1te, jak lid\u00e9 zach\u00e1zej\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi m\u00e9n\u011b inteligentn\u00edmi zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi bratranci.“<\/span><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zl\u00e1 dvoj\u010data Technokracie a Transhumanismu jsou spojena za \u00fa\u010delem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 populace na planet\u011b Zemi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33055,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[29,794,276,2194],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33054"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33054"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33056,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33054\/revisions\/33056"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}