{"id":33016,"date":"2023-07-28T07:35:40","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T05:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=33016"},"modified":"2023-07-28T07:40:21","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T05:40:21","slug":"unesco-doporucuje-uplny-zakaz-chytrych-telefonu-ve-skolach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/07\/28\/unesco-doporucuje-uplny-zakaz-chytrych-telefonu-ve-skolach\/","title":{"rendered":"UNESCO doporu\u010duje \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f pro v\u00fdchovu, v\u011bdu a kulturu (UNESCO) varuje, \u017ee podle statistik nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fdkony a atmosf\u00e9ru ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.\u00a0V tomto ohledu zpr\u00e1va UNESCO doporu\u010duje \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch s c\u00edlem zlep\u0161it v\u00fdsledky u\u010den\u00ed a poskytnout d\u011btem emocion\u00e1ln\u011b stabiln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, uv\u00e1d\u00ed The Guardian.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, \u017ee nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f vede ke \u0161patn\u00fdm studijn\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm a tak\u00e9 m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed dopad na emo\u010dn\u00ed stabilitu d\u011bt\u00ed a dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch.\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed to zpr\u00e1va Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f pro v\u00fdchovu, v\u011bdu a kulturu (UNESCO).\u00a0Experti OSN v tomto ohledu volaj\u00ed po celosv\u011btov\u00e9m z\u00e1kazu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, p\u00ed\u0161e The Guardian.<\/p>\n

Monitor glob\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed UNESCO 2023 tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee existuje jen velmi m\u00e1lo spolehliv\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed hodnotu vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmu procesu.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161inu t\u011bchto studi\u00ed p\u0159itom financovaly soukrom\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 se t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem sna\u017e\u00ed propagovat a prod\u00e1vat vlastn\u00ed produkty v oblasti digit\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, upozor\u0148uj\u00ed odborn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed vliv t\u011bchto spole\u010dnost\u00ed na ve\u0159ejnou politiku v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b je\u00a0\u201ed\u016fvodem k obav\u00e1m\u201c<\/em>, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va.\u00a0Jak vysv\u011btluj\u00ed odborn\u00edci UNESCO, vol\u00e1n\u00ed po z\u00e1kazu chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f souvis\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie obecn\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b syst\u00e9m\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch um\u011blou inteligenci, se mus\u00ed \u0159\u00eddit vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm konceptem, kter\u00fd je v\u017edy ve st\u0159edu \u010dlov\u011bka jako \u010dlov\u011bka \u2013 a m\u011bl by nikdy nevytla\u010dujte osobn\u00ed komunikaci mezi studenty a u\u010diteli.<\/p>\n

UNESCO tak\u00e9 varuje tv\u016frce politik p\u0159ed bezduchou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed adopc\u00ed a upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee pozitivn\u00ed dopad nov\u00fdch koncept\u016f na v\u00fdsledky u\u010den\u00ed a n\u00e1kladovou efektivitu je \u010dasto p\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n a n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho nen\u00ed v\u017edy automaticky lep\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0\u201e\u00a0Ne v\u0161echny zm\u011bny p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pokrok.\u00a0A<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0pokud\u00a0lze n\u011bco ud\u011blat, v\u016fbec to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je to nutn\u00e9 ud\u011blat, <\/em>\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed odborn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed proces st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159esouv\u00e1 online, a zejm\u00e9na ve vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, je je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nezanedb\u00e1vat\u00a0\u201esoci\u00e1ln\u00ed aspekt\u201c<\/em>\u00a0vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy\u017e studenti komunikuj\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 s u\u010diteli.\u00a0\u201eT\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed volaj\u00ed po zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u201eindividualizaci\u201c, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b unik\u00e1 samotn\u00e1 podstata vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu<\/em>\u00a0,\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tak\u00e9 zpr\u00e1va UNESCO.<\/p>\n

\u201eDigit\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluce m\u00e1 nezm\u011brn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Ale stejn\u011b jako by to m\u011blo b\u00fdt regulov\u00e1no v na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, na kterou bylo nejednou upozor\u0148ov\u00e1no, je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat stejnou pozornost tomu, jak se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0<\/em>\u0159ekla v tomto ohledu gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editelka UNESCO Audrey Azoulay.\u00a0Vysv\u011btlila, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed by m\u011blo sm\u011b\u0159ovat ke zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu a ve prosp\u011bch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f a u\u010ditel\u016f a nem\u011blo by b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no k jejich \u0161kod\u011b.<\/p>\n

Podle Azoulaye by vl\u00e1dy a administr\u00e1to\u0159i \u0161kol m\u011bli v\u017edy kl\u00e1st na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto pot\u0159eby student\u016f a podporovat u\u010ditele.\u00a0Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee internet nem\u016f\u017ee zcela nahradit \u017eivou lidskou komunikaci, zd\u016fraznil Azule.<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va UNESCO tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee vl\u00e1dy v\u0161ech zem\u00ed mus\u00ed zajistit, aby m\u011bly jasn\u00e9 c\u00edle a z\u00e1sady vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiky, aby bylo zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00ed do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9.\u00a0A tak\u00e9 vylou\u010dit jakoukoli mo\u017enou \u00fajmu jak na zdrav\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch student\u016f, tak \u0161\u00ed\u0159eji z hlediska ochrany lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, v\u010detn\u011b soukrom\u00ed nebo nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projev\u016f na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, vysv\u011btluje \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n

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Experti OSN varuj\u00ed, \u017ee nadm\u011brn\u00e9 nebo nevhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed studenty ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b i doma, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o chytr\u00e9 telefony, tablety nebo notebooky, je m\u016f\u017ee odv\u00e1d\u011bt od jejich \u00fakol\u016f, ru\u0161it a dokonce m\u00edt negativn\u00ed dopad na u\u010den\u00ed.\u00a0Zpr\u00e1va cituje zejm\u00e9na \u00fadaje z rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00ed po\u0161kozuje v\u00fdsledky student\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l otev\u0159\u00edt dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pro miliony lid\u00ed, p\u0159\u00ednosy jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jsou nerovnom\u011brn\u011b rozd\u011bleny, zpr\u00e1va zd\u016fraz\u0148uje: mnoho chud\u00fdch lid\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b je fakticky zbaveno p\u0159\u00edstupu k t\u011bmto v\u00fdhod\u00e1m.\u00a0UNESCO uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee online vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pomohlo podpo\u0159it vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed proces na d\u00e1lku b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed karant\u00e9ny.\u00a0Odborn\u00edci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e miliarda student\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19 p\u0159e\u0161la na online vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee miliony chud\u0161\u00edch student\u016f bez p\u0159\u00edstupu k internetu v\u0161ak ve skute\u010dnosti z\u016fstaly pozadu.\u00a0Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee vytvo\u0159en\u00ed infrastruktury pro realizaci digit\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu je pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00e9, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dasto podce\u0148ov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Podle UNESCO si p\u0159itom mnoho zem\u00ed ji\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 uv\u011bdomovat, jak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 kl\u00e1st studenty na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto, pokud jde o digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie.\u00a0Jako p\u0159\u00edklad zpr\u00e1va uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u010c\u00ednu, kde byla zavedena omezen\u00ed na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jako u\u010debn\u00edch pom\u016fcek \u2013 ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9 studijn\u00ed doby, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je t\u0159eba d\u011blat pravideln\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vky, aby se studenti mohli vzd\u00e1lit od obrazovek.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci UNESCO na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy zhruba 200 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b spo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee v pr\u016fm\u011bru jedna ze \u010dty\u0159 zem\u00ed ji\u017e zak\u00e1zala nebo omezila pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch.\u00a0Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b zejm\u00e9na Francie, kter\u00e1 podobnou politiku zavedla v roce 2018, a Nizozemsko, kde jsou omezen\u00ed zavedena od roku 2024, p\u00ed\u0161e se v \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Nizozemsk\u00fd ministr \u0161kolstv\u00ed Robbert Dijkgraaff p\u0159i ozn\u00e1men\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u016f \u0159ekl:\u00a0\u201eStudenti by m\u011bli b\u00fdt schopni se soust\u0159edit a m\u011bli by tak\u00e9 um\u011bt dob\u0159e studovat.\u00a0Jak ukazuj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie, mobiln\u00ed telefony to ru\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0A<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0mus\u00edme\u00a0p\u0159ed nimi chr\u00e1nit studenty.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm se ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed politiky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f na st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch li\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0159editeli konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u0161koly, vysv\u011btluje The Guardian.\u00a0Pravidla nej\u010dast\u011bji stanovuj\u00ed, \u017ee telefony mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na \u0161koln\u00edm pozemku vypnut\u00e9 a ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b je lze pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze se svolen\u00edm vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho.\u00a0Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v prostor\u00e1ch \u0161koly m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k jejich zabaven\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm sankc\u00edm.<\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd ministr \u0161kolstv\u00ed Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Gavin Williamson vyzval k \u00fapln\u00e9mu z\u00e1kazu mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch v roce 2021, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u0161patn\u00e9 discipl\u00edn\u011b.\u00a0Britsk\u00e9 \u0161kolsk\u00e9 odbory to v\u0161ak ozna\u010dily za pokus o\u00a0\u201e<\/em>rozptylov\u00e1n\u00ed“ a<\/i>\u00a0uvedl, \u017ee \u0161koly maj\u00ed politiku omezuj\u00edc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f ji\u017e mnoho let, uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fd postoj zast\u00e1v\u00e1 Geoff Barton, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Asociace \u0159editel\u016f \u0161kol a vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161ina britsk\u00fdch \u0161kol ji\u017e m\u00e1 zavedeny p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f, \u0159ekl, \u017ee studenti je obecn\u011b bu\u010f zcela zakazuj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat b\u011bhem \u0161koln\u00edho dne, nebo je mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.\u00a0A v\u00fdzvy k \u00fapln\u00e9mu z\u00e1kazu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f ve \u0161koln\u00edch budov\u00e1ch by podle Bartonov\u00e9 mohly vyvolat obavy nap\u0159\u00edklad u rodi\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1hle pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nal\u00e9hav\u011b kontaktovat sv\u00e9 d\u011bti.\u00a0N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed studenti tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 chytr\u00e9 telefony k placen\u00ed za doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed do \u0161koly a ze \u0161koly ve\u0159ejnou dopravou, vysv\u011btlil.<\/p>\n

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Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f pro v\u00fdchovu, v\u011bdu a kulturu (UNESCO) varuje, \u017ee podle statistik nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17084,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[245,1780,186,1392,902],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33016"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33016"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33016\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17084"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}