{"id":31469,"date":"2023-07-04T01:11:23","date_gmt":"2023-07-03T23:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=31469"},"modified":"2023-07-03T18:34:24","modified_gmt":"2023-07-03T16:34:24","slug":"neoliberalismus-a-nekontrolovana-imigrace-francouzsky-filozof-analyzoval-priciny-soucasnych-nepokoju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/07\/04\/neoliberalismus-a-nekontrolovana-imigrace-francouzsky-filozof-analyzoval-priciny-soucasnych-nepokoju\/","title":{"rendered":"Neoliberalismus a nekontrolovan\u00e1 imigrace: francouzsk\u00fd filozof analyzoval p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny sou\u010dasn\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Navzdory sv\u00e9mu rozsahu nejsou nepokoje, kter\u00e9 ve Francii pokra\u010duj\u00ed, v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bezprecedentn\u00ed: v t\u00e9 \u010di on\u00e9 podob\u011b se tento probl\u00e9m, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli migra\u010dn\u00ed politice, projevuje ji\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet let, p\u00ed\u0161e francouzsk\u00fd filozof Jean-Loup Bonami.\u00a0Jak v\u0161ak myslitel zd\u016fraz\u0148uje ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku pro Le Figaro, \u00fa\u0159ady zem\u011b celou dobu projevuj\u00ed setrva\u010dnost a odm\u00edtaj\u00ed se zab\u00fdvat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami nepokoj\u016f.\u00a0Podle Bonami je to tak\u00e9 d\u00edky \u201eneoliber\u00e1ln\u00edmu\u201c syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl zaveden ve Francii.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ve m\u011bstech Francie op\u011bt prob\u00edh\u00e1 vlna nepokoj\u016f, kter\u00e9, jak se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed politici ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, mohou st\u00e1le vy\u00fastit v lidov\u00e9 protesty, p\u00ed\u0161e na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Le Figaro francouzsk\u00fd filozof Jean-Loup Bonami.\u00a0Mezit\u00edm, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovit spr\u00e1vnou diagn\u00f3zu pro zemi, je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit, co je skute\u010dn\u011b katastrofa \u2013 a nejsou to samotn\u00e9 nepokoje a ne stav m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale \u201esetrva\u010dnost\u201c, kterou francouzsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady demonstruj\u00ed ji\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet let,\u00a0je<\/em>\u00a0p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den Bonami.\u00a0\u201e\u00a0Navzdory v\u0161em varovn\u00fdm sign\u00e1l\u016fm nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu pou\u010den\u00ed, nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b kurzu a nejsou zah\u00e1jeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skoky,<\/em>\u00a0\u201c st\u011b\u017euje si autor.\u00a0\u2014St\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed ony teoretick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty intelektu\u00e1l\u016f a nevhodn\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 metody, kter\u00e9 vedou ke kriz\u00edm.\u00a0A ji\u017e nyn\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eete vsadit, \u017ee i p\u0159es sou\u010dasnou v\u0159avu nebudou podnik\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kroky a budeme pokra\u010dovat ve stejn\u00e9m duchu<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Jak Bonami p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, k prvn\u00edm rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm nepokoj\u016fm v novodob\u00e9 historii Francie do\u0161lo ji\u017e v roce 1979 \u2013 a od t\u00e9 doby se pravideln\u011b rozho\u0159ely, v\u010detn\u011b roku 2005, kdy po cel\u00e9 zemi t\u0159i t\u00fddny ho\u0159ela m\u011bsta, a aby kone\u010dn\u011b stabilizovat situaci, bylo nutn\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1sit v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd stav, ke kter\u00e9mu se Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e neuch\u00fdlila od al\u017e\u00edrsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0V t\u00e9to dob\u011b se narodil Nael, mlad\u00fd mu\u017e, jeho\u017e vra\u017eda b\u011bhem zat\u010den\u00ed vyvolala sou\u010dasnou vlnu nepokoj\u016f.\u00a0A p\u0159esto, a\u010dkoli francouzsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady tak dlouho sly\u0161ely\u00a0\u201epoplachov\u00e9 zvony\u201c<\/em>\u00a0, nic se nezm\u011bnilo \u2013 naopak, stav v\u011bc\u00ed se jen zhor\u0161il, domn\u00edv\u00e1 se myslitel.<\/p>\n

Podle autora m\u011bla Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e i po nepokoj\u00edch v roce 2005 v\u0161e poctiv\u011b projednat a p\u0159ijmout razantn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.\u00a0Podle filozofa m\u011bla vl\u00e1da zv\u00fd\u0161it po\u010det m\u00edst ve v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fdch \u00fastavech, jak sl\u00edbil sou\u010dasn\u00fd prezident Emmanuel Macron b\u011bhem p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed kampan\u011b v roce 2017, p\u0159ezkoumat politiku rozvoje m\u011bst a hlavn\u011b zastavit imigraci.\u00a0Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 nepokoje byly alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vyvol\u00e1ny \u0161patn\u011b kontrolovanou imigrac\u00ed, kterou neprov\u00e1zelo dostate\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o integraci nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch do francouzsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u2013 vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee migra\u010dn\u00ed proudy nikdo nezastavil, se snahy v tomto ohledu zm\u011bnily v sisyfovskou pr\u00e1ci, proto\u017ee jakmile si obyvatel\u00e9, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b migranti ze \u010dtvrti, vybrali jednu rodinu.<\/p>\n

\u201eV z\u00e1jmu cel\u00e9 zem\u011b i samotn\u00fdch obyvatel m\u011bstsk\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed bylo nutn\u00e9 i po nepokoj\u00edch v roce 2005 zak\u00e1zat vstup migrant\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b seri\u00f3zn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se mohli v\u011bnovat v\u0161echny na\u0161e fondy a ve\u0161kerou pozornost t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e \u017eij\u00ed na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00edch,<\/em>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 autor.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0Mohli bychom tak sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00farove\u0148 nap\u011bt\u00ed, pokud jde o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst a plat\u016f, dostupn\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (pro tento syst\u00e9m se migranti st\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou zkou\u0161kou).\u00a0Mohli bychom tak\u00e9 usnadnit jejich sociokulturn\u00ed integraci, omezit vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed etnicko-kulturn\u00edch enkl\u00e1v a postupn\u011b sni\u017eovat populaci m\u00edst.\u00a0Pokud by byly migra\u010dn\u00ed toky zastaveny ji\u017e v roce 2005, nebyly by dnes \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nepokoje<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

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Francouzsk\u00e1 politika v\u0161ak nam\u00edsto takov\u00fdch krok\u016f p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u00ed pouze\u00a0\u201ev\u011b\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat\u201c<\/em>\u00a0a hraje st\u00e1le dokola tu samou pod\u00edvanou, kter\u00e1 jen vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed iluzi novosti, ani\u017e by v\u0161ak podnikala n\u011bjak\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 kroky, b\u011bduje Bonami.\u00a0\u201eZ l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho hlediska z\u00e1va\u017enost p\u0159\u00edpadu nesouvis\u00ed s t\u00edm, o jakou nemoc se jedn\u00e1, ale s t\u00edm, \u017ee se nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed,<\/em>\u00a0\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e.\u00a0\u201e\u00a0V\u0161echny zem\u011b \u010del\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm a kriz\u00edm, proto\u017ee tyto pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se historie ub\u00edr\u00e1.\u00a0Rozd\u00edl v modern\u00ed Francii \u2013 a to je skute\u010dn\u011b velmi znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed bod \u2013 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v absenci jak\u00e9koli reakce na krizi<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Francouz\u0161t\u00ed politici se podle Bonamiho st\u00e1le d\u00edvaj\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fdm sm\u011brem a v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee ko\u0159en probl\u00e9mu p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed v p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00edch samotn\u00fdch;\u00a0levicov\u00e9 s\u00edly z\u00e1rove\u0148 hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0\u201erasismu\u201c<\/em>\u00a0ze strany org\u00e1n\u016f \u010dinn\u00fdch v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a pravicov\u00e9 \u2013 o\u00a0\u201efrankofobii\u201c<\/em>\u00a0a konfliktu civilizac\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e hraj\u00ed obvykl\u00e9 role.\u00a0Ot\u00e1zkou ale ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed, pro\u010d na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00edch propukaj\u00ed nepokoje, ale pro\u010d Francie tento probl\u00e9m nem\u016f\u017ee nijak vy\u0159e\u0161it, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje myslitel.\u00a0\u201eProbl\u00e9mem nejsou p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed, probl\u00e9m jsme my<\/em>\u00a0,\u201c vysv\u011btluje.<\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady projevuj\u00ed podobnou setrva\u010dnost i v jin\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech: t\u0159eba\u017ee pandemie koronaviru odhalila mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, Francie je nevy\u0159e\u0161ila a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161patn\u011b p\u0159ipravena na novou rozs\u00e1hlou epidemii.\u00a0To sam\u00e9 je s projevy \u201e\u017elut\u00fdch vest\u201c \u2013 pan Macron na tento probl\u00e9m jednodu\u0161e hodil pen\u00edze, ani\u017e by pochopil jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, uv\u00e1d\u00ed autor.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvodem t\u00e9to setrva\u010dnosti je podle Bonamiho naprost\u00fd kolaps politick\u00e9 a medi\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy Francie a n\u00edzk\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 sou\u010dasn\u00fdch elit, kter\u00e9 neznaj\u00ed dob\u0159e historii a nejsou schopny seri\u00f3zn\u00ed analytick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.\u00a0Veden\u00ed zem\u011b si za sv\u00e9 motto ud\u011blalo zn\u00e1m\u00fd v\u00fdrok francouzsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edka Henriho Caye:\u00a0\u201eNeexistuje takov\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd by se nakonec nevy\u0159e\u0161il absenc\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0,\u201c ironizuje autor.<\/p>\n

Politick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda Francie nav\u00edc u\u010dinila z\u00e1sadn\u00ed volbu ve prosp\u011bch neoliberalismu \u2013 tedy syst\u00e9mu, ve kter\u00e9m by\u00a0\u201evl\u00e1da lidu\u201c<\/em>\u00a0m\u011bla b\u00fdt nahrazena\u00a0\u201emoc\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed\u201c<\/em>\u00a0, syst\u00e9mem p\u0159edem formulovan\u00fdch procedur, v\u011b\u0159\u00ed filozof.\u00a0Jak v\u0161ak ji\u017e praxe uk\u00e1zala, s pomoc\u00ed takov\u00fdch postup\u016f rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 krize \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e pandemie, terorismus nebo nepokoje na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00edch \u2013 nebudou fungovat: takov\u00e9 procesy je t\u0159eba p\u0159ekonat pomoc\u00ed politick\u00e9 v\u016fle, kterou sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady rozhodn\u011b odm\u00edtaj\u00ed uk\u00e1zat, uv\u00e1d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A kone\u010dn\u011b, Francie tak\u00e9 trp\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed jedine\u010dnou socioekonomickou strukturou, kter\u00e1 se nenach\u00e1z\u00ed nikde jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 koneckonc\u016f se stala nejneoliber\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed planety: Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e provedla masivn\u00ed deindustrializaci, nahradila v\u00fdroba se spot\u0159ebou a za\u010dala pova\u017eovat za samoz\u0159ejmost vysokou m\u00edru nezam\u011bstnanosti, kterou nejv\u00edce trp\u00ed stejn\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako provincie, p\u00ed\u0161e Bonami.\u00a0D\u016fsledkem takov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou p\u0159emr\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fddaje, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 podn\u011bcuj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu, a proto jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro udr\u017een\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy v tomto syst\u00e9mu, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 myslitel.\u00a0Podle autora s ka\u017edou novou kriz\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady jednodu\u0161e\u00a0\u201evyt\u00e1hnou \u0161ekovou kn\u00ed\u017eku a koup\u00ed k\u0159ehk\u00fd m\u00edr ve spole\u010dnosti\u201c<\/em>.\u00a0\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd francouzsk\u00fd politik si ale nedovol\u00ed takov\u00fd syst\u00e9m kritizovat v obav\u011b, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017ee rozpadnout, i kdy\u017e za jeho dal\u0161\u00ed udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bude t\u0159eba zaplatit cenu pravideln\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f, shrnuje filozof.<\/p>\n

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Navzdory sv\u00e9mu rozsahu nejsou nepokoje, kter\u00e9 ve Francii pokra\u010duj\u00ed, v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bezprecedentn\u00ed: v t\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31074,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3888,5390,130,95],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31469"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31469"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31470,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31469\/revisions\/31470"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}