{"id":30696,"date":"2023-06-22T04:35:52","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T02:35:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=30696"},"modified":"2023-06-22T04:35:52","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T02:35:52","slug":"lenka-prochazkova-sazka-na-krale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/06\/22\/lenka-prochazkova-sazka-na-krale\/","title":{"rendered":"Lenka Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1: S\u00e1zka na kr\u00e1le"},"content":{"rendered":"
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K v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed popravy \u010desk\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016f na Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed 21.\u00a0\u010dervna roku 1621<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jak\u00fd byl motiv stavovsk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed? Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno to byla reakce na soustavn\u00e9 poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zemsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch svobod ze strany Habsbursk\u00fdch panovn\u00edk\u016f. U\u017e n\u00e1stup prvn\u00edho Habsburka na tr\u016fn zem\u00ed Koruny \u010desk\u00e9 byl osudovou chybou, ale to v\u00edme my, zat\u00edmco stavov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed Ferdinanda I. na sn\u011bmu zvolili, v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee pos\u00edl\u00ed jejich vliv na vnit\u0159n\u00ed politiku a\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong>obranyschopnost v\u016f\u010di n\u00e1jezd\u016fm, nap\u0159\u00edklad tureck\u00fdm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Brzy v\u0161ak poznali, \u017ee p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed sliby byly jen v\u011bji\u010dkou. Stavovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdsady, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, co n\u00e1le\u017eely m\u011bst\u016fm, byly za vl\u00e1dy prvn\u00edch Habsburk\u016f pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b oslabov\u00e1ny tzv.\u00a0sal\u00e1movou metodou, vedle tradi\u010dn\u00edch zemsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f vnikaly nov\u00e9 posty \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 a\u00a0obsazovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo panovn\u00edkem a\u00a0spr\u00e1va zem\u00ed Koruny \u010desk\u00e9 sp\u011bla k\u00a0centralizaci.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed spory p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy i\u00a0v\u00a0oblasti n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. P\u0159ipome\u0148me si, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch bylo v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b jen 10\u00a0% obyvatel katolick\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0\u0159ad\u00e1ch \u0161lechty, nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159i\u00a0obsazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f dost\u00e1vali p\u0159ednost. I\u00a0ten t\u011b\u017ece vydobyt\u00fd Majest\u00e1t Rudolfa II. z\u00a0roku 1609, kter\u00fd kone\u010dn\u011b uznal i\u00a0Jednotu bratrskou za povolenou konfesi, byl v\u00a0praxi poru\u0161ov\u00e1n, opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 st\u00ed\u017enosti h\u00e1zeny pod st\u016fl a\u00a0st\u011b\u017eovatel\u00e9 zat\u00fdk\u00e1ni a\u00a0v\u011bzn\u011bni, proto\u017ee nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159i byli, dne\u0161n\u00edm jazykem \u0159e\u010deno, p\u00e1tou kolonou. Rozhodnut\u00ed stavovsk\u00e9 elity vy\u0159\u00eddit si to nejprve s\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00edmi \u0161k\u016fdci, p\u016fsob\u00ed jako logick\u00e1 taktika. Defenestrace m\u00edstodr\u017e\u00edc\u00edch tedy znamenala symbolick\u00fd akt \u2013 svrhnut\u00ed kolaborant\u016f, zat\u00edmco kr\u00e1l Ferdinad II. byl podle v\u0161ech regul\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u011b odvol\u00e1n a\u017e hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm sn\u011bmu. Ne\u017e k\u00a0tomu do\u0161lo, ujala se moci vl\u00e1da stavovsk\u00fdch direktor\u016f.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0jej\u00edm prvo\u0159ad\u00fdm krok\u016fm pat\u0159ilo: informovat zahrani\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1dat o\u00a0vojenskou a\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc. Proto byla vyd\u00e1na Apologie \u2013 obhajoba \u010desk\u00fdch stav\u016f. Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b direkto\u0159i jednali i\u00a0s\u00a0p\u0159edstaviteli dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed Koruny \u010desk\u00e9 a\u00a0vyzvali stavovsk\u00e9 elity Moravy, Slezska a\u00a0obou Lu\u017eic k\u00a0jednotn\u00e9mu postupu.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le svolali zemskou hotovost, \u010dili arm\u00e1du k\u00a0obran\u011b hranic.<\/p>\n

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Jejich vskutku historick\u00fdm \u010dinem pak bylo vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 \u00fastavy, jej\u00edm\u017e p\u0159ijet\u00edm na gener\u00e1ln\u00edm sn\u011bmu byla legalizov\u00e1na st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e1 stavovsk\u00e1 konfederace nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch zem\u00ed propojen\u00fdch volen\u00fdm panovn\u00edkem bez d\u011bdick\u00e9ho n\u00e1stupnick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, a\u00a0v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 svoboda v\u0161em i\u00a0poddan\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Stavovsk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed tedy byla revoluce organizovan\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed elitou. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, pro\u010d se nezda\u0159ila, byly ve stru\u010dnosti tyto:<\/p>\n

Morav\u0161t\u00ed stavov\u00e9 pod veden\u00edm pas\u00edvn\u00edho Karla z\u00a0\u017derot\u00edna byli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0umo\u017enili pr\u016fchod c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch vojsk do \u010cech. Tak\u00e9 reakce zahrani\u010dn\u00edch protestant\u016f byla proti o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed liknav\u00e1. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed direkto\u0159i doufali, \u017ee zvolen\u00edm Fridricha Falck\u00e9ho za \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le z\u00edskaj\u00ed vojenskou podporu Protestantsk\u00e9 unie, jej\u00edm\u017e v\u016fdcem Fridrich byl. Nepo\u010d\u00edtali s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e1 protestantsk\u00e1 kn\u00ed\u017eata podle p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed ko\u0161ile ne\u017e kab\u00e1t \u00famluvy nedodr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00edsto podpory Fridricha si po\u00a0jeho pra\u017esk\u00e9 korunovaci p\u0159isvoj\u00ed jeho falck\u00e9 l\u00e9no. M\u00edr sjednan\u00fd v\u00a0Ulmu mezi Protestantskou uni\u00ed a\u00a0Katolickou ligou evokuje ono zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u201eo n\u00e1s bez n\u00e1s\u201c. Neblahou roli v\u00a0n\u011bm sehr\u00e1li francouz\u0161t\u00ed diplomat\u00e9. Ani anglick\u00fd kr\u00e1l Jakub I., tch\u00e1n Fridricha Falck\u00e9ho sv\u00e9mu zeti nijak nepomohl. Krati\u010dk\u00e9 panov\u00e1n\u00ed Fridricha Falck\u00e9ho na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b nebylo \u0161\u0165astnou volbou i\u00a0z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, p\u0159ipome\u0148me zni\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdzdoby katedr\u00e1ly Sv.\u00a0V\u00edta, kterou provedla jeho kalv\u00ednsk\u00e1 soldateska. Zat\u00edmco stavovsk\u00e1 vojska, podporovan\u00e1 jenom nizozemsk\u00fdmi financemi a\u00a0n\u011bkolika smluvn\u00edmi zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi pluky a\u00a0vojev\u016fdci (Mansfeld, Hohenlohe a\u00a0Kristi\u00e1n Anhalt), sv\u00e1d\u011bla boje a\u00a0dokonce dvakr\u00e1t obl\u00e9hala i\u00a0s\u00eddeln\u00ed V\u00edde\u0148, \u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l si liboval v\u00a0loveck\u00fdch kratochv\u00edl\u00edch a\u00a0evidentn\u011b netu\u0161il, do jak vysok\u00e9 hry byl vta\u017een a\u00a0jak\u00e9 nad\u011bje v\u00a0n\u011bj stavov\u00e9 vlo\u017eili. Z\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu, tedy 400 let pot\u00e9, je v\u0161ak nepat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 kritizovat tehdej\u0161\u00ed volbu gener\u00e1ln\u00edho sn\u011bmu jako z\u0159eteln\u011b chybnou. Mlad\u00edk z\u00a0elitn\u00edho rodu, v\u016fdce protestansk\u00e9 unie, ze\u0165 anglick\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le, to p\u016fsobilo jako s\u00e1zka na jistotu. Protikandid\u00e1ti m\u011bli ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed preference, i\u00a0ten Ji\u0159\u00ed Sask\u00fd, kter\u00fd se pak zklaman\u011b choval jak korouhvi\u010dka a\u00a0nakonec se p\u0159idal k\u00a0c\u00edsa\u0159i a\u00a0z\u00edskal za odm\u011bnu ob\u011b Lu\u017eice.<\/p>\n

Bitvu na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e prob\u00edrat nebudu, p\u0159ipomenu jen, \u017ee trvala necel\u00e9 dv\u011b hodiny a\u00a0Fridrich Falck\u00fd ji zme\u0161kal. Ale v\u00fdsledek t\u00e9to, z\u00a0vojensk\u00e9ho hlediska sp\u00ed\u0161e jen \u201e\u0161arv\u00e1tky\u201c, oto\u010dil sm\u011br \u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin ke zp\u011btn\u00e9mu chodu. Konfederace stavovsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou svobodou a\u00a0volen\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem byla zru\u0161ena a\u00a0nahrazena nov\u00fdm absolutn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dkem. Vestf\u00e1lsk\u00fd m\u00edr, kter\u00fdm v\u00a0roce 1648 skon\u010dila t\u0159icetilet\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a\u00a0kter\u00fd je slaven jako p\u0159ed\u011bl k\u00a0nov\u00e9 a\u00a0tolerantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Evrop\u011b, znamenal pro zem\u011b Koruny \u010desk\u00e9 rozsudek nehybnosti, poddansk\u00e9 poslu\u0161nosti a\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 totality pod dohleden jezuit\u016f. Symbolick\u00fdm raz\u00edtkem na tomto rozsudku se stal Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fd sloup, postaven\u00fd p\u0159ed n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edm popravi\u0161t\u011bm stavovsk\u00e9 elity.<\/p>\n

Nev\u00edm, zda si n\u011bkter\u00fd z\u00a0odsouzen\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f v\u00a0t\u00e9 posledn\u00ed noci p\u0159i\u00a0\u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na exekuci, kter\u00e1 zapo\u010dala p\u0159i\u00a0prvn\u00edch paprsc\u00edch slunovratu, v\u00a0duchu polo\u017eil ot\u00e1zku, zda to v\u0161echno st\u00e1lo za to. Jsem r\u00e1da, \u017ee nev\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee jejich popravou brutalita nekon\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0\u017ee v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 mocnosti, tedy Habsburkov\u00e9 a\u00a0\u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev, budou hn\u00e1t na por\u00e1\u017eku cel\u00fd n\u00e1rod. Mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159i\u00a0psan\u00ed dopis\u016f sv\u00fdm budouc\u00edm vdov\u00e1m a\u00a0p\u0159i\u00a0modlitb\u00e1ch sp\u00ed\u0161 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli o\u00a0tom, \u017ee kandid\u00e1tem na \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le nemusela b\u00fdt falck\u00e1 loutka, ale n\u011bkter\u00fd zemsk\u00fd \u0161lechtic, jeden z\u00a0nich. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pan V\u00e1clav Budovec z\u00a0Budova. Vzd\u011blanec, \u010dlen Jednoty bratrsk\u00e9, autor mnoha knih, diplomat, \u010destn\u00fd a\u00a0state\u010dn\u00fd mu\u017e, jeho\u017e z\u00e1sluhou byl vyd\u00e1n Majest\u00e1t o\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 svobod\u011b. Mohla bych jmenovat i\u00a0celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f na slovo vzat\u00fdch, nebo\u0165 v\u00a0t\u00e9 p\u0159elomov\u00e9 dob\u011b nebyla v\u00a0zem\u00edch Koruny \u010desk\u00e9 o\u00a0osobnosti nouze. Jejich my\u0161lenky v\u0161ak zdaleka p\u0159edb\u011bhly svou dobu a\u00a0bohu\u017eel dodnes nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na mantinely. Bylo by v\u0161ak zbab\u011bl\u00e9 se jich vzd\u00e1t a\u00a0p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se op\u011bt, tentokr\u00e1t dobrovoln\u011b, ciz\u00edmu dikt\u00e1tu. Nebo\u0165 odolnost men\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f v\u016f\u010di agresivit\u011b t\u011bch velk\u00fdch v\u017edy spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0s\u00edle ducha ne\u017e zbran\u00ed. Sjednocuj\u00edc\u00ed my\u0161lenka, idea, kter\u00e1 sv\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem p\u0159esahuje limit lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota a\u00a0p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se na dal\u0161\u00ed generace, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spojnici mezi mrtv\u00fdmi, \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi a\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b nenarozen\u00fdmi. Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky navzdory v\u0161em do\u010dasn\u00fdm prohr\u00e1m a\u00a0vnit\u0159n\u00edm i\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zrad\u00e1m, je p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed identity n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n

Lenka Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

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K v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed popravy \u010desk\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016f na Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed 21.\u00a0\u010dervna roku 1621 Jak\u00fd byl motiv stavovsk\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[398,29,122,993],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30696"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30696"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30696\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}