{"id":30277,"date":"2023-06-16T04:45:16","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T02:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=30277"},"modified":"2023-06-16T11:47:15","modified_gmt":"2023-06-16T09:47:15","slug":"staci-aby-si-z-bank-vybral-sve-penize-jen-1-z-99-vkladatelu-a-vsechny-banky-zkrachuji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/06\/16\/staci-aby-si-z-bank-vybral-sve-penize-jen-1-z-99-vkladatelu-a-vsechny-banky-zkrachuji\/","title":{"rendered":"Sta\u010d\u00ed, aby si z bank vybral sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze jen 1 z 99 vkladatel\u016f, a v\u0161echny banky zkrachuj\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V sou\u010dasnosti se hodn\u011b mluv\u00ed o bankovn\u00ed krizi.\u00a0V USA letos zkrachovaly ji\u017e 3 velk\u00e9 banky, jejich\u017e celkov\u00e1 aktiva u\u017e i po zohledn\u011bn\u00ed inflace p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161ila krachy bank v letech 2008\/2009.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V Evrop\u011b zat\u00edm zkrachovala sice pouze jedna banka Credit Suisse, ale svou velikost\u00ed srovnateln\u00e1 t\u0159em zkrachoval\u00fdm bank\u00e1m dohromady.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u0159ady v Evrop\u011b i na Slovensku samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ubezpe\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 bankovn\u00ed sektor je v dobr\u00e9 kondici a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my mu nehroz\u00ed.\u00a0To je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b le\u017e.\u00a0Ne proto, \u017ee by na\u0161e banky \u0161patn\u011b hospoda\u0159ily, v\u017edy\u0165 dnes dosahuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch zisk\u016f, ale ze samotn\u00e9 podstaty sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho bankovn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 banka, ani ta nejziskov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejl\u00e9pe spravovan\u00e1, nedok\u00e1\u017ee odolat krizov\u00e9 situaci, pokud by si v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det vkladatel\u016f p\u0159i\u0161el najednou vybrat sv\u00e9 vklady.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o \u201ev\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu\u201c vkladatel\u016f, v\u016fbec t\u00edm nem\u00e1me na mysli v\u011bt\u0161inu.\u00a0Sta\u010dilo by dokonce jen 1 z 99 a cel\u00fd bankovn\u00ed sektor by zkolaboval.\u00a0V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si to tak zjednodu\u0161en\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme, \u017ee pro\u010d.<\/p>\n

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Jak funguje dne\u0161n\u00ed bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/h2>\n

Odp\u016frci \u010dasto tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee banky neohroz\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br vklad\u016f, nebo\u0165 banky maj\u00ed v\u0161echny vklady kryt\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dkami.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud by v\u00edce lid\u00ed si p\u0159i\u0161lo vybrat sv\u00e9 vklady a bank\u00e1m by do\u0161la hotovost, tak jednodu\u0161e po\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed sv\u00e9 dlu\u017en\u00edky, aby splatili sv\u00e9 \u00fav\u011bry a z t\u011bch pen\u011bz by banka pak vyplatila vklady.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to ale docela tak.\u00a0Banky funguj\u00ed t\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee z pen\u011bz, kter\u00e9 si vy ulo\u017e\u00edte na \u00fa\u010dtu, oni ulo\u017e\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 procento jako rezervu v n\u00e1rodn\u00ed (centr\u00e1ln\u00ed) bance a zbytek mohou p\u016fj\u010dovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u00fav\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vezm\u011bme si n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee v\u0161echny pen\u00edze, kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed, jsou 100 Eur (bankovky 50, 20, 20, 10) a m\u00e1te je vy.\u00a0Vlo\u017e\u00edte je do banky na sv\u016fj b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u00fa\u010det.<\/p>\n

Banka va\u0161e pen\u00edze n\u00e1sledn\u011b n\u011bkomu p\u016fj\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0Ne v\u0161echny, ale jen \u0159ekn\u011bme 90 Eur, nebo\u0165 mus\u00ed dr\u017eet zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 povinn\u00e9 rezervy, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 10%, \u010dili 10 Eur.\u00a0Dlu\u017en\u00edk si za 90 Eur n\u011bco koup\u00ed od n\u011bjak\u00e9ho prodejce.\u00a0No a ten prodejce si t\u011bch 90 Eur tak\u00e9 vlo\u017e\u00ed do banky, kter\u00e1 z nich zase d\u00e1le p\u016fj\u010d\u00ed 80 Eur, atp.<\/p>\n

No a te\u010f si vy i ten prodejce p\u0159ijedete najednou do banky vybrat sv\u00fdch 190 Eur – vy sv\u00fdch 100 Eur a prodejce sv\u00fdch 90 Eur.<\/p>\n

Teoreticky banka m\u00e1 oproti va\u0161im a prodejcov\u00fdm 190 Eur v \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed majetek v podob\u011b poskytnut\u00fdch \u00fav\u011br\u016f 190 Eur, ale nikdy nebude schopna v\u00e1m dv\u011bma najednou vyplatit 190 Eur ve fyzick\u00e9 hotovosti, nebo\u0165 existuje jen 100 Eur v t\u011bch prvotn\u00edch bankovk\u00e1ch 50, 20, 20.<\/p>\n

Toto byl teoretick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad, abyste pochopili, jak funguje bankovn\u00ed sektor a pro\u010d nikdy nen\u00ed schopen vyplatit v\u0161echny vklady, i kdyby v\u0161ichni dlu\u017en\u00edci dok\u00e1zali splatit sv\u00e9 \u00fav\u011bry (co\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017eou, proto\u017ee tolik fyzick\u00fdch pen\u011bz prost\u011b nen\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Jak banky leg\u00e1ln\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed fiktivn\u00ed pen\u00edze<\/h2>\n

Dob\u0159e, te\u010f se poj\u010fme pod\u00edvat na to, jak je fiktivn\u00ed masa pen\u011bz v ekonomice oproti t\u00e9 re\u00e1ln\u00e9.\u00a0Op\u011bt pou\u017eijeme p\u0159\u00edklad, pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad \u010d.1<\/h3>\n

P\u0159i \u010d\u00e1stce fyzicky vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 hotovosti 100 Eur a p\u0159i m\u00ed\u0159e povinn\u00fdch minim\u00e1ln\u00edch rezerv\u00a010%<\/strong>\u00a0, by situace byla n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed (\u010d\u00e1stky zaokrouhlen\u00e9 na cel\u00e1 eura):<\/p>\n

100 + 90 + 81 + 73 + 66 + 59 + 53 + 48 + \u2026<\/p>\n

Pro v\u00fdpo\u010det t\u00e9to posloupnosti existuje vzorec: F = M .\u00a0(1\/r), kde:<\/p>\n

F \u2013 celkov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka fiktivn\u00edch pen\u011bz
\nM \u2013 p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stka emitovan\u00fdch pen\u011bz
\nr \u2013 povinn\u00e1 m\u00edra minim\u00e1ln\u00edch rezerv<\/p>\n

V\u00fdpo\u010det: M = 100 .\u00a0(1\/0,1) =\u00a01000 Eur<\/strong><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee z p\u016fvodn\u00edch 100 Eur p\u0159i m\u00ed\u0159e rezerv 10% vzniklo celkem 1000 Eur.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad \u010d.2<\/h3>\n

P\u0159i \u010d\u00e1stce vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 hotovosti 100 Eur a minim\u00e1ln\u00edch rezerv\u00e1ch\u00a05%<\/strong>\u00a0:<\/p>\n

100 + 95 + 90 + 86 + 81 + 77 + 74 + 70 + \u2026 = 100 .\u00a0(1\/0,05) =\u00a02000 Eur<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010cili z p\u016fvodn\u00edch 100 Eur p\u0159i m\u00ed\u0159e rezerv 5% vzniklo celkem 2000 Eur.\u00a0\u010c\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je m\u00edra povinn\u00fdch rezerv, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je takzvan\u00fd \u201emultiplik\u00e1tor\u201c, a t\u00edm v\u00edce fiktivn\u00edch pen\u011bz vznikne.<\/p>\n

Realita: O kolik je dnes v ob\u011bhu v\u00edce pen\u011bz ne\u017e bylo na za\u010d\u00e1tku emitov\u00e1no?<\/h3>\n

V\u00edte jak\u00e1 je dnes skute\u010dn\u00e1 m\u00edra povinn\u00fdch rezerv?\u00a0Pouze 1%!\u00a0V euroz\u00f3n\u011b je to extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed z Eura velmi rizikovou m\u011bnu.\u00a0V USA p\u0159i dolaru je to dokonce 0%.<\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u010cesku je to 2%, v Chorvatsku p\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm eura to bylo 9%, v \u010c\u00edn\u011b je to 17%, v Indii 4,5%, v Mexiku 10,5%, v Rusku 4%, na Tchaj-wanu 7% \u010di v Turecku 8,5%.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i hodnot\u011b 1% to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee podle v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho vzorce\u00a0z ka\u017ed\u00fdch vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch 100 Eur vznikne 100-n\u00e1sobek, tedy 10 000 Eur fiktivn\u00edch pen\u011bz<\/strong>\u00a0!\u00a0Sta\u010dilo by, aby si 1,01% vkladatel\u016f (1 z 99) vybrali v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze z bank a v\u0161echny banky by klekly do kolen.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b 1,01% nebo v\u00edce?<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00edtejme spolu\u2026 Kolik je 1,01% z 10 000 Eur?\u00a0101 Eur.\u00a0Jen\u017ee fyzick\u00e9 hotovosti existuje st\u00e1le jen 100 Eur.\u00a0Fyzick\u00e1 hotovost nenarostla, vznikly jen fiktivn\u00ed pen\u00edze v podob\u011b z\u00e1znam\u016f na bankovn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dtech.\u00a0No a v moment\u011b, kdy by si lid\u00e9 cht\u011bli vym\u011bnit fiktivn\u00ed pen\u00edze (\u010d\u00edsla na bankovn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dtu) za re\u00e1ln\u00e9 pen\u00edze (hotovost), nastane velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Situaci by dokonce nezachr\u00e1nila ani centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka.\u00a0Pokud by toti\u017e cht\u011bla dotla\u010dit by\u0165 jen 2- nebo 3-n\u00e1sobek p\u016fvodn\u011b emitovan\u00fdch pen\u011bz (nemluv\u011b o 100-n\u00e1sobku), tak by okam\u017eit\u011b vznikla hyperinflace a kolaps m\u011bny.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1pete u\u017e nyn\u00ed, jak k\u0159ehk\u00fd je v sou\u010dasnosti bankovn\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m?<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Nem\u00e1te r\u00e1di banky, pova\u017eujete je za lichv\u00e1\u0159e?\u00a0Nel\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 unie financuje v\u00e1lky v ciz\u00edch zem\u00edch?\u00a0Chcete m\u00edr, nebo\u0165 bez pen\u011bz nen\u00ed zbran\u00ed a bez zbran\u00ed nen\u00ed v\u00e1lky?<\/p>\n

Existuje naprosto jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0Sta\u010d\u00ed, aby 1 z 99 z v\u00e1s \u0161el do banky vybrat sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze a cel\u00fd bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zkolabuje.<\/p>\n

Zdroje:\u00a0wikipedia.org<\/a>\u00a0, Zpracoval: Badatel.net<\/p>\n

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V sou\u010dasnosti se hodn\u011b mluv\u00ed o bankovn\u00ed krizi.\u00a0V USA letos zkrachovaly ji\u017e 3 velk\u00e9 banky,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[503,2888,940,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30277"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30277"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30278,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30277\/revisions\/30278"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}