{"id":29094,"date":"2023-05-31T00:59:56","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T22:59:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=29094"},"modified":"2023-05-30T15:30:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T13:30:12","slug":"svycarsko-se-louci-s-neutralitou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/05\/31\/svycarsko-se-louci-s-neutralitou\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160v\u00fdcarsko se lou\u010d\u00ed s neutralitou"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0160v\u00fdcarsko opustilo svou staletou tradici neutrality t\u00edm, \u017ee se p\u0159ipojilo k sankc\u00edm proti z\u00e1padn\u00edmu Rusku.\u00a0\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pop\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee by opustila kurz neutrality.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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M\u011blo by b\u00fdt obecn\u011b pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dast na sankc\u00edch proti Rusku, kter\u00e9 poru\u0161uj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, nelze slu\u010dovat se statusem neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed zem\u011b.\u00a0Je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee podle Charty OSN m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo uvalovat ekonomick\u00e9 sankce na st\u00e1ty pouze Rada bezpe\u010dnosti OSN.\u00a0Jak\u00e9koli sankce neuvalen\u00e9 Radou bezpe\u010dnosti OSN jsou v rozporu s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od t\u00e9 doby, co se \u0160v\u00fdcarsko p\u0159ipojilo k sankc\u00edm EU v\u016f\u010di Rusku, \u0160v\u00fdcarsko tak\u00e9 poru\u0161ilo mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a p\u0159irozen\u011b se tak stalo stranou konfliktu v boji Z\u00e1padu veden\u00e9ho USA proti Rusku.\u00a0V Rusku \u2013 a mimo z\u00e1padn\u00ed sv\u011bt \u2013 panuje v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce jednomyslnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory tomu \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u0160v\u00fdcarsko se t\u00edm nevzdalo sv\u00e9ho statusu neutrality.\u00a0Tito \u010dlenov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy si o\u010dividn\u011b mysl\u00ed, \u017ee \u0160v\u00fdca\u0159i jsou docela hloup\u00ed, kdy\u017e d\u011blaj\u00ed takov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed s ohledem na jejich zjevn\u011b ne neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 tiskov\u00e1 agentura TASS zve\u0159ejnila na toto t\u00e9ma velmi zaj\u00edmavou\u00a0<\/span>anal\u00fdzu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, o kterou bych se s v\u00e1mi r\u00e1d pod\u011blil, proto\u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u00e9dia se tohoto t\u00e9matu ani nedot\u00fdkaj\u00ed.\u00a0A mo\u017en\u00e1 je \u010dl\u00e1nek zaj\u00edmav\u00fd i pro jednoho \u010di druh\u00e9ho \u0160v\u00fdcara.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek p\u0159ekladu:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eKapulace pod tlakem USA\u201c: \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 neutralita podle Saltykova-Schchedrina<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Konstantin Pribytkov, vedouc\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e TASS \u0160v\u00fdcarsko, o vyhl\u00eddk\u00e1ch na reexport zbran\u00ed a co s t\u00edm m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vy\u0159azen\u00ed 25 tank\u016f Leopard 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v dob\u011b turbulentn\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch zm\u011bn a geopolitick\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f, spojen\u00fdch tak\u00e9 s ud\u00e1lostmi na Ukrajin\u011b, chce \u0160v\u00fdcarsko z\u00edskat kapit\u00e1l i neutralitu v souladu s \u017eivotn\u00edm vzorcem, kter\u00fd popsal klasick\u00fd rusk\u00fd spisovatel Michail Saltykov-Shtchedrin.\u00a0\u201eKapit\u00e1l\u201c znamen\u00e1 udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ziskov\u00fdch vztah\u016f s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edmi a ekonomick\u00fdmi partnery \u2013 EU a USA.\u00a0Bohu\u017eel EU a USA, kter\u00e9 vojensky i politicky st\u00e1ly pevn\u011b na stran\u011b kyjevsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, reagovaly s neskr\u00fdvan\u00fdm rozho\u0159\u010den\u00edm na Bernovy pokusy zav\u00e1zat se alespo\u0148 k z\u00e1kladn\u00edm princip\u016fm neutrality, kter\u00e9 zakazuj\u00ed prodej zbran\u00ed ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m konfliktu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsko, navzdory tlaku, kter\u00fd na n\u011bj vyv\u00edjej\u00ed jeho partne\u0159i v z\u00e1padn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e, se zjevn\u011b nechce ve\u0159ejn\u011b vzd\u00e1t neutrality, proto\u017ee zachr\u00e1nilo alpskou republiku p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou po v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed, usnadnilo tok kapit\u00e1lu a zajistilo, \u017ee byla d\u016fle\u017eitou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platforma pro vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a mediaci p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f ve 20. a na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed.\u00a0Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee v \u017denev\u011b s\u00eddl\u00ed centrum Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f a n\u011bkter\u00e9 jej\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 agentury, v\u010detn\u011b Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) a Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace pr\u00e1ce (ILO).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Faktem ale je, \u017ee sv\u016fj nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed h\u0159\u00edch z hlediska neutrality u\u017e \u0160v\u00fdcarsko sp\u00e1chalo t\u00edm, \u017ee se p\u0159idalo k z\u00e1padn\u00edm zem\u00edm v sankc\u00edch proti Rusku vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch v souvislosti s ruskou vojenskou operac\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b.\u00a0Podporuje v\u0161echny restriktivn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dky EU.\u00a0Tvrzen\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka Bernu, \u017ee je respektov\u00e1n neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed status zem\u011b, u\u017e v Moskv\u011b nejsou d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1.\u00a0\u0160v\u00fdcarsko na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b nad\u00e1le trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee jeho kroky v ukrajinsk\u00e9 krizi jsou slu\u010diteln\u00e9 s jeho neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm statusem.\u00a0Aby Bern tuto tezi ospravedlnil, mus\u00ed pravideln\u011b dokazovat, \u017ee se jeho politika li\u0161\u00ed od politiky zbytku kolektivn\u00edho Z\u00e1padu, kter\u00fd vyzbrojuje re\u017eim v Kyjev\u011b.\u00a0Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va o zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 1. \u00fanora zd\u016fraznila:\u00a0\u201e\u0160v\u00fdcarsko p\u0159ipomn\u011blo st\u00e1t\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 vylou\u010den\u00ed Ruska z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dast Ruska m\u00e1 v ur\u010dit\u00fdch situac\u00edch tak\u00e9 v\u00fdhody.\u00a0Bylo tak\u00e9 pouk\u00e1z\u00e1no na to, \u017ee \u201e\u0160v\u00fdcarsko pokra\u010duje v selektivn\u00edm dialogu s Ruskem, nap\u0159\u00edklad o mand\u00e1tu \u0160v\u00fdcarska v Rad\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti OSN\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada 10. b\u0159ezna p\u0159ipomn\u011bla, \u017ee z\u00e1kaz reexportu zbran\u00ed \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby vych\u00e1z\u00ed jednak z feder\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kona o v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu a jednak z neutrality st\u00e1tu, jeho tradice humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoci, jej\u00ed z\u00e1vazek v\u016f\u010di \u017denevsk\u00fdm \u00famluv\u00e1m a jej\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed praxe m\u00edrov\u00e9ho zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vy\u0159azen\u00ed z provozu a prodej<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Pokus sed\u011bt na dvou \u017eidl\u00edch se pro Berna vyvinul v zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitickou k\u0159e\u010d a rozpor.\u00a0Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b byla \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da obez\u0159etn\u00e1, kdy\u017e odm\u00edtla d\u00e1t N\u011bmecku, D\u00e1nsku a \u0160pan\u011blsku zelenou k reexportu \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch zbran\u00ed do Kyjeva, a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b pouze 24. kv\u011btna dala souhlas k vy\u0159azen\u00ed z provozu 25. Tanky Leopard 2 ozn\u00e1meny k pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu prodeji do N\u011bmecka.\u00a0Ministryn\u011b obrany, ochrany a sportu Viola Amherd bude tuto pozici \u201eobhajovat\u201c p\u0159i sly\u0161en\u00ed na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed letn\u00ed sch\u016fzi parlamentu, jak ozn\u00e1mila vl\u00e1da.\u00a0Spolkov\u00e1 rada prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee d\u00e1 pokyn ministerstvu obrany \u201eprozkoumat jakoukoli \u017e\u00e1dost o v\u00fdvoz<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee Berl\u00edn ujistil \u0160v\u00fdcarsko, \u017ee tyto tanky nebudou na Ukrajinu dod\u00e1ny, mnoho politik\u016f a pozorovatel\u016f ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku nepochybuje o tom, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o takzvan\u00fd z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed kruh, zalo\u017een\u00fd na principu \u201eprod\u00e1m v\u00e1m a vy po\u0161lete u\u017e sv\u00e9 do Kyjeva \u201c.\u00a0\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ipomn\u011bla, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b v \u00fanoru tohoto roku dva \u010dlenov\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy \u2013 Robert Habeck, ministr hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a ochrany klimatu, a Boris Pistorius, ministr obrany \u2013 po\u017e\u00e1dali Violu Amherd, aby \u201ep\u0159edala nepou\u017eit\u00e9 tanky n\u011bmeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Rheinmetall, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159im\u011bla k dal\u0161\u00edmu prodeji\u201c.\u00a0\u201eSpole\u010dnost p\u0159isl\u00edbila, \u017ee tanky nep\u0159eveze na Ukrajinu, ale do N\u011bmecka nebo jin\u00fdch partner\u016f NATO nebo EU,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da m\u00e1 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b 134 Leopard-2, kter\u00e9 byly modernizov\u00e1ny.\u00a0Existuje tak\u00e9 96 Leopard\u016f-2, kter\u00e9 nebyly modernizov\u00e1ny a byly postupn\u011b vy\u0159azeny.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd konsenzus<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee kdyby vl\u00e1da a parlament byly pln\u011b sjednoceny na vizi neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed zem\u011b, tak by se o ot\u00e1zce tank\u016f a reexportu zbran\u00ed nediskutovalo tak zu\u0159iv\u011b jako nyn\u00ed.\u00a0\u010cty\u0159i velk\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e9 od konce 50. let vytvo\u0159ily ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku vl\u00e1dn\u00ed koalici, maj\u00ed v parlamentu spole\u010dnou v\u011bt\u0161inu, a pokud se dohodnou na spole\u010dn\u00e9m postoji, v\u0161echna rozhodnut\u00ed jsou p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1.\u00a0V ot\u00e1zce neutrality v\u0161ak existuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v n\u00e1zorech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e1 s\u00edla v parlamentu, pravicov\u00e1 konzervativn\u00ed \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 strana (SVP), prosazuje p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed kurs, a to i v ukrajinsk\u00e9 krizi, a kritizuje zapojen\u00ed zem\u011b do z\u00e1padn\u00edch sankc\u00ed proti Rusku.\u00a0S pouh\u00fdmi dv\u011bma ze sedmi ministersk\u00fdch post\u016f ve vl\u00e1d\u011b m\u016f\u017ee strana dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 neutrality pouze celost\u00e1tn\u00edm referendem.\u00a0SVP a jej\u00ed politi\u010dt\u00ed spojenci sb\u00edraj\u00ed podpisy pro takov\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho listopadu.\u00a0Inici\u00e1to\u0159i navrhuj\u00ed p\u0159idat do feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastavy \u010dl\u00e1nek 54a, kter\u00fd by zakotvil z\u00e1kaz \u201enevojensk\u00fdch donucovac\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed proti v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm\u201c \u2013 tj. Bern nemohl uvalit sankce, kter\u00e9 nebyly schv\u00e1leny Radou bezpe\u010dnosti OSN.\u00a0Pokud nav\u00edc SVP vyhraje referendum, nem\u016f\u017ee \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 konfederace vstoupit do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch a obrann\u00fdch alianc\u00ed, s v\u00fdjimkou spolupr\u00e1ce s takov\u00fdmi aliancemi \u201ev p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku na \u0160v\u00fdcarsko\u201c.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad cesta do NATO by byla uzav\u0159ena, kdyby tomu tak nebylo.<\/span><\/p>\n

SVP mus\u00ed nasb\u00edrat 100 000 podpis\u016f do 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.\u00a0\u201eV\u011bci jdou dob\u0159e, sb\u011br podpis\u016f postupuje,\u201c \u0159ekl mi Guy Mettan, zn\u00e1m\u00fd \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd politik, novin\u00e1\u0159 a spisovatel a poslanec \u017eenevsk\u00e9ho kanton\u00e1ln\u00edho parlamentu za \u0160v\u00fdcarskou lidovou stranu.\u00a0„M\u00e1me je\u0161t\u011b spoustu \u010dasu a v\u00fdsledek se ur\u010dit\u011b dostav\u00ed,“ zd\u016fraznil s t\u00edm, \u017ee „v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u017e to, \u017ee podpisy jsou sesb\u00edr\u00e1ny, je \u00fasp\u011bch, pozitivn\u00ed faktor“.\u00a0„Jde o to, aby to Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada vzala v \u00favahu [ve sv\u00fdch akc\u00edch] a neposkytla argument pro inici\u00e1tory referenda,“ vysv\u011btlil Mettan.\u00a0Ukazuje se, \u017ee pouh\u00fd fakt sb\u011bru podpis\u016f vl\u00e1du varuje k opatrnosti a ukazuje, \u017ee se neutrality nevzdala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mettan v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee \u0160v\u00fdcarsko \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed na sankc\u00edch proti Rusku \u201ese vzdalo neutrality, kterou p\u011bstovalo 200 let\u201c.\u00a0„Do\u0161lo k bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e9 kapitulaci \u0160v\u00fdcarska pod tlakem USA, to v\u0161e kv\u016fli \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdm bank\u00e1m a tlaku na n\u011b vyv\u00edjen\u00e9ho,“ \u0159ekl Mettan na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce 17. kv\u011btna v Lausanne v liter\u00e1rn\u00edm klubu „The Living Book“.\u00a0\u2013 Mohli jsme se chovat jinak, ale zachovali jsme se jako ostatn\u00ed.\u00a0Kdy\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00ed zem\u011b v roce 2014 uvalily prvn\u00ed sankce na Rusko, \u0160v\u00fdcarsko se k nim nep\u0159ipojilo, ale prohl\u00e1silo, \u017ee ud\u011bl\u00e1 v\u0161e pro to, aby \u201ejeho \u00fazem\u00ed nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edt k obch\u00e1zen\u00ed sankc\u00ed\u201c.\u00a0\u201eA\u010dkoli \u0160v\u00fdcarsko v t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem spojeno se zem\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 sankce uvalily,\u00a0uk\u00e1zalo se p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm politicky a diplomaticky nez\u00e1visl\u00e9, alespo\u0148 na pap\u00ed\u0159e,\u201c \u0159ekl politik.\u00a0„Nyn\u00ed jsme v neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 situaci, kdy \u0160v\u00fdcarsko zva\u017euje konfiskaci [rusk\u00fdch aktiv blokovan\u00fdch v zemi], p\u0159esto\u017ee soukrom\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed je chr\u00e1n\u011bno \u0161v\u00fdcarskou \u00fastavou,“ vysv\u011btlil.\u00a0„Je velmi politov\u00e1n\u00edhodn\u00e9, \u017ee \u0160v\u00fdcarsko ob\u011btovalo svou tradici poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb st\u00e1tn\u00edho usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v konfliktech,“ zd\u016fraznil Mettan.\u00a0A dodal: \u201e\u0160v\u00fdcarsko se vzdalo sv\u00e9 role prost\u0159edn\u00edka v konfliktech a nyn\u00ed je nahrazeno Tureckem, \u010c\u00ednou, Izraelem, Braz\u00edli\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi.\u201c \u017ee \u0160v\u00fdca\u0159i velmi lp\u00ed na konceptu neutrality,\u201c uzav\u0159el.<\/span><\/p>\n

Volby jsou za dve\u0159mi<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

S p\u0159\u00edpravami na podzimn\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed volby z\u00edskalo t\u00e9ma neutrality v dom\u00e1c\u00ed politick\u00e9 debat\u011b ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.\u00a0Podle pr\u016fzkum\u016f je v\u011bt\u0161ina ob\u010dan\u016f pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed neutrality, kter\u00e1 je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kamen\u016f spole\u010dnosti.\u00a0Pr\u016fzkum \u201eSecurity \u2013 2023\u201c \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho feder\u00e1ln\u00edho technologick\u00e9ho institutu v Curychu uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee 91 procent dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch bylo pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed neutrality.\u00a0\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 strana z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na hlasech si proto nem\u016f\u017ee dovolit podniknout kroky, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt interpretov\u00e1ny jako ochota oslabit svou politiku neutrality.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti vyvolalo ostrou reakci SVP prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vl\u00e1dy z 24. kv\u011btna o vy\u0159azen\u00ed a prodeji tank\u016f Leopard 2 N\u011bmecku podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Spolkov\u00e1 rada oslabuje obrann\u00e9 schopnosti \u0160v\u00fdcarska a po\u0161lap\u00e1v\u00e1 neutralitu na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b,\u201c stoj\u00ed v prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m na webu strany.\u00a0\u201eTato kruhov\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna [tank\u016f] poru\u0161uje tabu: \u0160v\u00fdcarsko dod\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu protivn\u00edkovi nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zbran\u011b,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e se v dokumentu.\u00a0\u201eTo je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce podkope neutralitu \u0160v\u00fdcarska.\u00a0Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina v Bundesratu ji\u017e nen\u00ed schopna prosazovat skute\u010dnou politiku neutrality.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpravodajsk\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu Swissinfo se v roce 2023 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b k rozhodnut\u00ed o tanc\u00edch mezi \u010dleny vl\u00e1dy vyj\u00e1d\u0159il pouze Alain Berset, prezident Konfederace a p\u0159edstavitel soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e9 strany.\u00a0Na ot\u00e1zku, zda prodej Leoparda N\u011bmecku znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Bundesrat liberalizuje svou politiku neutrality, odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eNe\u201c.\u00a0\u201eV dob\u00e1ch, jako jsou tyto, se Spolkov\u00e1 rada mus\u00ed dr\u017eet sv\u00e9 p\u0159edchoz\u00ed linie.\u00a0St\u00e1le mus\u00edme z\u016fstat v klidu, a to d\u011bl\u00e1me,\u201c \u0159ekl spolkov\u00fd prezident, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dal jasn\u011b najevo, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka schv\u00e1len\u00ed reexportu zbran\u00ed do Kyjeva st\u00e1le nen\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btem debaty.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Maja Riniker, \u010dlenka N\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady Svobodn\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed koalice, v\u0161ak pouk\u00e1zala na souvislost mezi rozhodnut\u00edm vl\u00e1dy o tanc\u00edch a podporou \u0160v\u00fdcarska Ukrajin\u011b.\u00a0P\u0159iv\u00edtala rozhodnut\u00ed Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rady a v televizn\u00edm rozhovoru uvedla, \u017ee Ukrajina si m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jist\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edmou vojenskou podporou.\u00a0Toto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed politici na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni vid\u00ed prodej tank\u016f N\u011bmecku jako vojenskou pomoc, by\u0165 nep\u0159\u00edmou, kyjevsk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu.\u00a0Jak Swissinfo poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 v koment\u00e1\u0159i, rozhodnut\u00ed vl\u00e1dy o tanc\u00edch \u201eje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem pro evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Man\u00e9vr, man\u00e9vr…<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru statistiky zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v ned\u011bln\u00edch novin\u00e1ch 21. kv\u011btna ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0160v\u00fdcarsko m\u00e1 navzdory sv\u00e9 neutralit\u011b mnoho p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed podpo\u0159it vojensk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed Kyjeva.\u00a0V prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2023 vyvezlo \u0160v\u00fdcarsko na Ukrajinu zbo\u017e\u00ed dvoj\u00edho u\u017eit\u00ed v hodnot\u011b 4,5 milionu CHF (kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt ve vojensk\u00fdch i civiln\u00edch oblastech), co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e objem z\u00e1silek ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2022 \u2013 2,7 milionu frank\u016f.\u00a0Tyto dod\u00e1vky v hodnot\u011b 2 milion\u016f \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch frank\u016f zahrnovaly obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed stroje a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem, \u0161ifrovac\u00ed technologii a dieselov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory.\u00a0V\u00fdvoz zahrnoval i za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na odminov\u00e1n\u00ed v hodnot\u011b 600 000 frank\u016f.\u00a0Z\u00e1rove\u0148 klesly dod\u00e1vky zbo\u017e\u00ed dvoj\u00edho u\u017eit\u00ed do Ruska.\u00a0V prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2023 \u010dinil v\u00fdvoz pouze 190 000 frank\u016f.\u00a0„D\u016fvodem rozd\u00edlu je, \u017ee z\u00e1silky zbo\u017e\u00ed dvoj\u00edho u\u017eit\u00ed do Ruska byly sankcionov\u00e1ny, ale ne na Ukrajinu,“ vysv\u011btlil ned\u011bln\u00edk a dodal, \u017ee tento rozd\u00edl „vyvolal kritiku ze strany n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch politik\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee podle \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 neutrality podle norem by se m\u011blo se v\u0161emi v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi stranami zach\u00e1zet stejn\u011b.\u201c Ze zbo\u017e\u00ed dvoj\u00edho u\u017eit\u00ed odeslan\u00e9ho do Ruska v prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed byly podle zpr\u00e1vy odesl\u00e1ny pouze n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly pro \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex prosazuje flexibiln\u00ed neutralitu v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed, jak ned\u00e1vno uvedla Brigitte Beck, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editelka st\u00e1tn\u00edho zbrojn\u00edho holdingu RUAG MRO Holding.\u00a0Jak p\u00ed\u0161e \u201eNeue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung am Sonntag\u201c, Beck zast\u00e1val n\u00e1zor, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed dvoj\u00edho u\u017eit\u00ed je v\u017edy spojeno s riziky, proto\u017ee takov\u00e9 produkty lze pou\u017e\u00edt i pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.\u00a0\u201ePokud by nap\u0159\u00edklad NATO p\u0159\u00edmo zas\u00e1hlo do konfliktu a my u\u017e kv\u016fli na\u0161\u00ed neutralit\u011b nemohli z\u00e1sobovat alianci vojensk\u00fdmi produkty, hodn\u011b by m\u011b to znepokojovalo,\u201c \u0159ekla.\u00a0Tyto v\u00fdroky kritizovali pravicov\u00ed politici, kte\u0159\u00ed je pova\u017eovali za neslu\u010diteln\u00e9 s ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed politikou \u2013 zejm\u00e9na ministr hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed Guy Parmelin, kter\u00fd SVP ve vl\u00e1d\u011b zastupuje,\u00a0to bylo zam\u00edtnuto.\u00a0Beckov\u00e1 ze sv\u00e9 strany dodala, \u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vyjad\u0159uje sv\u016fj osobn\u00ed n\u00e1zor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na pozad\u00ed vnitropolitick\u00e9 debaty o neutralit\u011b s ohledem na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed volby posiluje Bern sv\u00e9 vazby s NATO.\u00a0\u0160v\u00fdcarsko a Severoatlantick\u00e1 aliance ned\u00e1vno testovaly akustick\u00e1 a seismick\u00e1 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k detekci dron\u016f a maskovan\u00fdch odst\u0159elova\u010d\u016f v m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.\u00a0Podle Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro n\u00e1kup obrany (Armasuisse) studii provedli \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed experti a jejich kolegov\u00e9 z USA, N\u011bmecka, Francie, Ma\u010farska a \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky na z\u00e1kladn\u011b Walenstadt, kde vojensk\u00fd t\u00e1bor \u201esimuluje zastav\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c. prost\u0159ed\u00ed a je proto ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed pro detekci nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech\u201c.\u00a0Armasuisse a NATO Department of Science and Technology \u201ese konalo od 13. do 20\u00a0Mayov\u00e1 poprv\u00e9 provedla spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd experiment ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e se ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b.\u00a0Zejm\u00e9na by m\u011bla b\u00fdt prozkoum\u00e1na \u201e\u00fa\u010dinnost metod akustick\u00e9ho a seismick\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pro lokalizaci odst\u0159elova\u010d\u016f ze z\u00e1lohy, v\u00fdbuch\u016f a pro detekci dron\u016f\u201c.\u00a0C\u00edlem bylo \u201etestovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 technologie\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed experti a experti NATO identifikovali odst\u0159elova\u010de pomoc\u00ed mikrofon\u016f, videokamer a seismick\u00fdch senzor\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch radiofrekven\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dron\u016f.\u00a0Pro ka\u017edou vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed metodu byly pou\u017eity r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e.\u00a0V\u00fdsledky experimentu budou vyhodnoceny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech.\u00a0Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0160v\u00fdcarsko se \u201e\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch aktivit NATO\u201c v r\u00e1mci Partnerstv\u00ed pro m\u00edr, co\u017e mu umo\u017e\u0148uje \u201el\u00e9pe vyhodnocovat technologick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj pro arm\u00e1du a p\u0159isp\u00edvat tak k bezpe\u010dnosti \u0160v\u00fdcarska\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e 22. b\u0159ezna vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da z\u00e1jem o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vztah\u016f s NATO.\u00a0Po konzultac\u00edch s gener\u00e1ln\u00edm tajemn\u00edkem NATO Jensem Stoltenbergem v Bruselu ministryn\u011b obrany Viola Amherdov\u00e1 uvedla, \u017ee Bern chce zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00fa\u010dast sv\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil na cvi\u010den\u00edch NATO, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it interoperabilitu syst\u00e9m\u016f velen\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00fa\u010dast ve specializovan\u00fdch centrech NATO, zejm\u00e9na v t\u00e9to oblasti. kybernetick\u00e9 obrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0160v\u00fdcarsko opustilo svou staletou tradici neutrality t\u00edm, \u017ee se p\u0159ipojilo k sankc\u00edm proti z\u00e1padn\u00edmu Rusku.\u00a0\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29095,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1942,467,73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29094"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29094"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29096,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29094\/revisions\/29096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}