{"id":28995,"date":"2023-05-29T05:58:58","date_gmt":"2023-05-29T03:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=28995"},"modified":"2023-05-29T05:58:58","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T03:58:58","slug":"jeffrey-d-sachs-americke-valky-a-dluhova-krize-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/05\/29\/jeffrey-d-sachs-americke-valky-a-dluhova-krize-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey D. Sachs: Americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a dluhov\u00e1 krize USA"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
V roce 2000 \u010dinil st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh USA 3,5 bilionu dolar\u016f, co\u017e se rovnalo 35 % hrub\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho produktu (HDP). V roce 2022 \u010dinil dluh 24 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f, co\u017e se rovnalo 95 % HDP. Dluh USA prudce roste, a proto je v sou\u010dasnosti Amerika v dluhov\u00e9 krizi. P\u0159esto republik\u00e1ni i demokrat\u00e9 postr\u00e1daj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed: zastaven\u00ed americk\u00fdch vybran\u00fdch v\u00e1lek a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n
P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee by vl\u00e1dn\u00ed dluh z\u016fstal na skromn\u00e9 \u00farovni 35 % HDP jako v roce 2000. Dne\u0161n\u00ed dluh by \u010dinil 9 miliard dolar\u016f, zat\u00edmco dnes je to 24 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f. Pro\u010d se americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zadlu\u017eila o nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdch 15 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f?<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed je z\u00e1vislost americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy na v\u00e1lce a vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u00edch. Podle Watsonova institutu p\u0159i Brownov\u011b univerzit\u011b dos\u00e1hly n\u00e1klady na americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky od fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho roku 2001 do fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho roku 2022 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch\u00a08 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f<\/a>, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina z dal\u0161\u00edch 15 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f dluhu. Dal\u0161\u00edch 7 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f vzniklo zhruba stejn\u00fdm d\u00edlem z rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch deficit\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00ed kriz\u00ed v roce 2008 a pandemi\u00ed Covid-19.<\/p>\n

Postavit se vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 lobby je prvn\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem k tomu, aby si Amerika ud\u011blala po\u0159\u00e1dek ve sv\u00fdch financ\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Aby Amerika p\u0159ekonala dluhovou krizi, mus\u00ed p\u0159estat \u017eivit vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex (MIC), nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lobby ve Washingtonu. Jak 17. ledna 1961 slavn\u011b\u00a0varoval<\/a>\u00a0prezident Dwight D. Eisenhower: \u201eVe vl\u00e1dn\u00edch rad\u00e1ch se mus\u00edme chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho vlivu, a\u0165 u\u017e \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9ho, nebo ne, vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm komplexem. Potenci\u00e1l pro katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst nespr\u00e1vn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 moci existuje a bude p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat.\u201c Od roku 2000 MIC vedl USA do katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00e1lek podle vlastn\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011bru v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, Ir\u00e1ku, S\u00fdrii, Libyi a nyn\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n

Vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex si ji\u017e d\u00e1vno osvojil v\u00edt\u011bznou politickou strategii, kdy\u017e zajistil, \u017ee vojensk\u00fd rozpo\u010det dos\u00e1hne do v\u0161ech obvod\u016f Kongresu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 slu\u017eba Kongresu ned\u00e1vno\u00a0p\u0159ipomn\u011bla<\/a>, \u017ee \u201ev\u00fddaje na obranu se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho obvodu \u010dlena Kongresu, mimo jin\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm plat\u016f a d\u00e1vek pro voj\u00e1ky a d\u016fchodce, ekonomick\u00fdch a environment\u00e1ln\u00edch dopad\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a n\u00e1kup\u016f zbra\u0148ov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a d\u00edl\u016f od m\u00edstn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu\u201c. Jen state\u010dn\u00fd \u010dlen Kongresu by hlasoval proti vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 lobby, ale state\u010dnost rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed pro Kongres charakteristick\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje se nyn\u00ed pohybuj\u00ed kolem 900 miliard dolar\u016f,\u00a0co\u017e je zhruba 40 %<\/a>\u00a0celkov\u00fdch sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f a v\u00edce ne\u017e dal\u0161\u00edch 10 zem\u00ed dohromady. Vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje USA byly v roce 2022 t\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fddaje \u010c\u00edny. Podle rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu Kongresu\u00a0budou vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje v letech 2024-2033<\/a>\u00a0\u010dinit p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m v\u00fdchoz\u00edm stavu ohromuj\u00edc\u00edch 10,3 bilionu dolar\u016f. \u010ctvrtin\u011b nebo v\u00edce z t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stky by se dalo p\u0159edej\u00edt ukon\u010den\u00edm americk\u00fdch vybran\u00fdch v\u00e1lek, uzav\u0159en\u00edm mnoha z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a vyjedn\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00fdch dohod o kontrole zbrojen\u00ed s \u010c\u00ednou a Ruskem.<\/p>\n

Nam\u00edsto m\u00edru prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm diplomacie a rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti v\u0161ak MIC pravideln\u011b stra\u0161\u00ed Ameri\u010dany komiksov\u00fdm vyobrazen\u00edm padouch\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed USA za ka\u017edou cenu zastavit. Po roce 2000 se na tomto seznamu objevil afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fd Taliban, ir\u00e1ck\u00fd Sadd\u00e1m Husajn, syrsk\u00fd Ba\u0161\u00e1r Asad, libyjsk\u00fd Moammar Kadd\u00e1f\u00ed, rusk\u00fd Vladimir Putin a ned\u00e1vno \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd Si \u0164in-pching. V\u00e1lka, jak je n\u00e1m opakovan\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1no, je nezbytn\u00e1 pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed Ameriky.<\/p>\n

M\u00edrov\u011b orientovan\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika by se setkala s tvrd\u00fdm odporem vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 lobby, nikoli v\u0161ak ve\u0159ejnosti. Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st ve\u0159ejnosti si\u00a0ji\u017e p\u0159eje men\u0161\u00ed<\/a>, nikoli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zapojen\u00ed USA do z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed a men\u0161\u00ed, nikoli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pokud jde o Ukrajinu, Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 si v drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159ej\u00ed v konfliktu mezi Ruskem a Ukrajinou sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201emen\u0161\u00ed roli\u201c (52 %) ne\u017e \u201ehlavn\u00ed roli\u201c (26 %). To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se Biden ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch prezident\u016f neodv\u00e1\u017eil po\u017e\u00e1dat Kongres o jak\u00e9koli zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dan\u00ed, aby mohl platit americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Odpov\u011b\u010f ve\u0159ejnosti by byla hlasit\u00e9 \u201eNe!\u201c.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e9 si Amerika vybrala, byly sice pro Ameriku stra\u0161n\u00e9, ale pro zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 Amerika \u00fadajn\u011b zachra\u0148uje, byly mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed katastrofou. Henry Kissinger se proslavil vtipem: \u201eB\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edtelem Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, ale b\u00fdt jejich p\u0159\u00edtelem je smrteln\u00e9.\u201c Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n byl v letech 2001 a\u017e 2021 americkou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, dokud ho Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nenechaly rozbit\u00fd, zkrachoval\u00fd a hladov\u00fd. Ukrajina je nyn\u00ed v americk\u00e9m objet\u00ed, se stejn\u00fdm pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem: pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lkou, smrt\u00ed a ni\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Vojensk\u00fd rozpo\u010det by se dal rozumn\u011b a hluboce sn\u00ed\u017eit, kdyby USA nahradily sv\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a z\u00e1vody ve zbrojen\u00ed skute\u010dnou diplomaci\u00ed a dohodami o zbrojen\u00ed. Kdyby prezidenti a \u010dlenov\u00e9 Kongresu jen naslouchali varov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch americk\u00fdch diplomat\u016f, jako byl\u00a0William Burns<\/a>, velvyslanec USA v Rusku v roce 2008 a nyn\u00ed \u0159editel CIA, USA by chr\u00e1nily bezpe\u010dnost Ukrajiny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm diplomacie a dohodly by se s Ruskem, \u017ee USA nebudou roz\u0161i\u0159ovat NATO na Ukrajinu, pokud Rusko z\u00e1rove\u0148 nebude na Ukrajin\u011b p\u016fsobit se svou arm\u00e1dou. P\u0159esto je ne\u00fanavn\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO obl\u00edbenou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed MIC; nov\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 NATO jsou hlavn\u00edmi odb\u011brateli americk\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

USA tak\u00e9 jednostrann\u011b odstoupily od kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch dohod o kontrole zbrojen\u00ed. V roce 2002 USA jednostrann\u011b odstoupily od Smlouvy o z\u00e1kazu balistick\u00fdch raket. A nam\u00edsto toho, aby podporovaly jadern\u00e9 odzbrojen\u00ed \u2013 co\u017e USA a dal\u0161\u00ed jadern\u00e9 mocnosti mus\u00ed podle \u010dl\u00e1nku VI Smlouvy o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed -, vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex prodal Kongresu pl\u00e1ny na vynalo\u017een\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0600 miliard dolar\u016f<\/a>\u00a0do roku 2030 na \u201emodernizaci\u201c americk\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho arzen\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

MIC nyn\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o mo\u017enosti v\u00e1lky s \u010c\u00ednou kv\u016fli Tchaj-wanu. Bubnov\u00e1n\u00ed na buben v\u00e1lky s \u010c\u00ednou zvy\u0161uje vojensk\u00fd rozpo\u010det, ale v\u00e1lce s \u010c\u00ednou se lze snadno vyhnout, pokud se USA budou dr\u017eet politiky jedn\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny, kter\u00e1 je spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem americko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch vztah\u016f. Takov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka by m\u011bla b\u00fdt nemysliteln\u00e1. Mohla by zp\u016fsobit nejen bankrot USA, ale i konec sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje nejsou jedin\u00fdm rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. St\u00e1rnut\u00ed obyvatelstva a rostouc\u00ed n\u00e1klady na zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k fisk\u00e1ln\u00edm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm. Podle Rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu Kongresu dos\u00e1hne dluh\u00a0v roce 2052 185 % HDP<\/a>, pokud se sou\u010dasn\u00e1 politika nezm\u011bn\u00ed. N\u00e1klady na zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di by m\u011bly b\u00fdt omezeny, zat\u00edmco dan\u011b pro bohat\u00e9 by se m\u011bly zv\u00fd\u0161it. Postavit se vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 lobby je v\u0161ak nezbytn\u00fdm prvn\u00edm krokem k tomu, aby se v Americe ud\u011blal po\u0159\u00e1dek ve fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti, co\u017e je nutn\u00e9 k z\u00e1chran\u011b USA a mo\u017en\u00e1 i cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta p\u0159ed zvr\u00e1cenou americkou politikou \u0159\u00edzenou lobby.<\/p>\n

\n

America\u2019s Wars and the US Debt Crisis<\/a> vy\u0161el na ICH. P\u0159eklad\u00a0 Zv\u011bdavec.<\/p>\n

P\u0159evzato\u00a0Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V roce 2000 \u010dinil st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh USA 3,5 bilionu dolar\u016f, co\u017e se rovnalo 35 %…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1181,371,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28995"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28995"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28995\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}