{"id":28419,"date":"2023-05-20T01:01:12","date_gmt":"2023-05-19T23:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=28419"},"modified":"2023-05-19T10:41:08","modified_gmt":"2023-05-19T08:41:08","slug":"tretina-vedeckych-praci-muze-byt-falesna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/05\/20\/tretina-vedeckych-praci-muze-byt-falesna\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159etina v\u011bdeck\u00fdch prac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt fale\u0161n\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm tajemstv\u00edm ve sv\u011bt\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho publikov\u00e1n\u00ed je, \u017ee velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed publikac\u00ed je fale\u0161n\u00fdch.\u00a0Existuje pro to mnoho d\u016fvod\u016f, od st\u0159etu z\u00e1jm\u016f p\u0159es profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017e\u00e1rlivost a\u017e po \u0161plh\u00e1n\u00ed po firemn\u00edm \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce grant\u016f.\u00a0A\u0165 u\u017e je d\u016fvod jak\u00fdkoli, screeningov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje k odhalen\u00ed podvod\u016f jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asi t\u0159etina studi\u00ed publikovan\u00fdch v neurov\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisech a asi 24 % studi\u00ed publikovan\u00fdch v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch \u010dasopisech je podle nov\u00e9 studie \u201evymy\u0161len\u00fdch nebo plagi\u00e1t\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie nazvan\u00e1 p\u0159edtisk \u2013 co\u017e znamen\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed recenzov\u00e1na \u2013 zkoumala 5 000 publikovan\u00fdch prac\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span>uvedla<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Science jako prvn\u00ed .<\/span><\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho automatick\u00e9ho detek\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci hledali dva prozrazuj\u00edc\u00ed znaky: zda byl autor registrov\u00e1n s osobn\u00ed e-mailovou adresou, nikoli s institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed, a zda autor uvedl svou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k nemocnici.\u00a0D\u00edla ozna\u010den\u00e1 jako potenci\u00e1ln\u011b fale\u0161n\u00e1 byla pot\u00e9 zkontrolov\u00e1na lidmi.\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee asi 1500 pap\u00edr\u016f bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b fale\u0161n\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Akademick\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra je \u201epublikovat nebo zahynout\u201c: Pokud v\u011bdci nezve\u0159ejn\u00ed mnoho dob\u0159e citovan\u00fdch studi\u00ed, nikam se nedostanou.\u00a0Maj\u00ed proto motivaci uv\u00e9st sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no na co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu publikovan\u00fdch prac\u00ed a zajistit, aby tyto studie byly citov\u00e1ny, nikoli zji\u0161\u0165ovat fakta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z tohoto stimulu se vyvinul pap\u00edrensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.\u00a0Ale to je jen jeden ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak si akademici mohou zlep\u0161it reputaci.\u00a0N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u010denci neust\u00e1le cituj\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, i kdy\u017e to nen\u00ed relevantn\u00ed.\u00a0Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u201ecita\u010dn\u00ed krou\u017eky\u201c u\u010denc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed souhlas\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee budou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b citovat sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, op\u011bt bez ohledu na relevanci, a \u201enezaslou\u017een\u00e9 autorstv\u00ed\u201c, kdy u\u010denci uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no na pap\u00edry, kter\u00e9 nenapsali, a\u0165 u\u017e proti platb\u011b nebo po vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 dohod\u011b.\u00a0V\u0161echny tyto praktiky um\u011ble nafukuj\u00ed cita\u010dn\u00ed statistiky v\u011bdc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd ve v\u011bd\u011b o t\u011bchto probl\u00e9mech v\u00ed.\u00a0Ale p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed s t\u00edm n\u011bco d\u011bl\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mikrobiolo\u017eka Elisabeth Bik m\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost odhalit duplicitn\u00ed nebo fale\u0161n\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisech: v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let jich vystopovala stovky.\u00a0\u0158ekla v\u0161ak Nature, \u017ee ani p\u011bt let po nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pad\u011blk\u016f do den\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich nebyla o\u0161et\u0159ena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oxfordsk\u00e1 psycholo\u017eka Dorothy Bishop \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee to odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enost: „Kdy\u017e nakladatel\u016fm nebo instituc\u00edm upozorn\u00edte na akademick\u00e9 pochyben\u00ed, \u010dasto se nedo\u010dk\u00e1te \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f s v\u011bdeck\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem a publikac\u00ed.\u00a0\u010casopisy p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v\u011bdc\u016f zdarma nebo dokonce za poplatek a pot\u00e9 znovu zpoplat\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/span><\/p>\n

Redakto\u0159i \u010dasopisu ned\u00e1vno ode\u0161li kv\u016fli \u201eneetick\u00fdm\u201c poplatk\u016fm za vydavatelstv\u00ed.\u00a0A popt\u00e1vka po \u201epozitivn\u00edch\u201c v\u00fdsledc\u00edch sv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u011bdce k tomu, aby data hackovali, dokud n\u011bco nenajdou.\u00a0To jsou hlubok\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my ve v\u011bd\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeden by si ale myslel, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd podvod by m\u011bl b\u00fdt snadno napraviteln\u00fd, jakmile je odhalen.\u00a0A p\u0159esto to v\u011bdeck\u00e1 komunita \u010dasto ignoruje a podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 celou v\u011bdu: pokud je velk\u00e9 procento studi\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch, jak m\u016f\u017eeme d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat pokroku v\u011bdy?<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem by byla v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed transparentnost, v\u010detn\u011b \u00fapln\u00e9ho zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed dat a k\u00f3du jako standardu pro ve\u0161kerou pr\u00e1ci, ale nakonec je t\u0159eba zm\u011bnit motiva\u010dn\u00ed strukturu v\u011bdy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm tajemstv\u00edm ve sv\u011bt\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho publikov\u00e1n\u00ed je, \u017ee velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed publikac\u00ed je fale\u0161n\u00fdch.\u00a0Existuje pro…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11050,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[5010,1156,5009,1820],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28419"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28419"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28419\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}