{"id":28350,"date":"2023-05-19T01:01:10","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T23:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=28350"},"modified":"2023-05-18T13:38:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T11:38:00","slug":"co-by-nam-o-dnesni-ukrajine-mohla-rict-68-let-stara-rakouska-smlouva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/05\/19\/co-by-nam-o-dnesni-ukrajine-mohla-rict-68-let-stara-rakouska-smlouva\/","title":{"rendered":"Co by n\u00e1m o dne\u0161n\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b mohla \u0159\u00edct 68 let star\u00e1 Rakousk\u00e1 smlouva"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci ignorovali historii a neust\u00e1le odm\u00edtali neutralitu ve prosp\u011bch otev\u0159en\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed NATO pro Kyjev.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V pond\u011bl\u00ed 15. kv\u011btna tomu bylo 68 let, co byla podeps\u00e1na jedna z nejv\u00edce p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch, ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dohod 40 let studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed\u00a0smlouva o obnoven\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho a demokratick\u00e9ho Rakouska<\/a>\u00a0, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako Rakousk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouva, byla podeps\u00e1na ve V\u00eddni 15. kv\u011btna 1955 z\u00e1stupci Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, Francie a Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie.<\/p>\n

Smlouva ukon\u010dila 17 let zahrani\u010dn\u00ed okupace Rakouska (nejprve nacisty v letech 1938 a\u017e 1945 a pot\u00e9 Velkou \u010dty\u0159kou v letech 1945 a\u017e 1955) a p\u0159ipravila p\u016fdu pro nez\u00e1vislost zem\u011b a neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed status.<\/p>\n

Prezident Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/a>\u00a0ve sv\u00e9m poselstv\u00ed Sen\u00e1tu USA vyz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm k ratifikaci smlouvy uvedl,\u00a0\u017ee \u201eRakousk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouva p\u0159edstavuje vyvrcholen\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 trvalo v\u00edce ne\u017e osm let, aby z\u00edskat sov\u011btsk\u00fd souhlas s ud\u011blen\u00edm svobody Rakouska.\u201c<\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee t\u011bchto osm let pat\u0159ilo k nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm z prvn\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0P\u0159esto jen p\u00e1r let po Stalinov\u011b brut\u00e1ln\u00edm upevn\u011bn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 hegemonie nad v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropou, odp\u00e1len\u00ed vod\u00edkov\u00e9 bomby Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem, korejsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a pouh\u00fd rok p\u0159ed brut\u00e1ln\u00ed sov\u011btskou invaz\u00ed do Budape\u0161ti se rakousk\u00fdm okupa\u010dn\u00edm mocnostem poda\u0159ilo nastolit m\u00edrov\u00fd modus vivendi, nad stavovsk\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem Rakouska, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il podm\u00ednky pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou transformaci Rakouska v pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V letech p\u0159ed podpisem smlouvy byla jednou z hlavn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek, kter\u00e9 bylo t\u0159eba p\u0159ekonat (krom\u011b ot\u00e1zky sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed), ot\u00e1zka rakousk\u00e9 neutrality.\u00a0Aby z\u00edskal souhlas Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu se smlouvou, rakousk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed poslal do Moskvy p\u0159es neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed Indii zpr\u00e1vu, v n\u00ed\u017e ujistil, \u017ee Rakousko se nep\u0159ipoj\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu vojensk\u00e9mu bloku, a\u0165 u\u017e v\u00fdchodn\u00edmu nebo z\u00e1padn\u00edmu.\u00a0Eisenhower zpo\u010d\u00e1tku odm\u00edtl, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed N\u011bmci budou n\u00e1sledovat a zma\u0159\u00ed americk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na p\u0159ezbrojen\u00ed a za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do NATO.\u00a0Tento probl\u00e9m byl v\u0161ak vy\u0159e\u0161en v \u0159\u00edjnu 1954 podpisem protokolu k Severoatlantick\u00e9 smlouv\u011b o p\u0159istoupen\u00ed Spolkov\u00e9 republiky N\u011bmecko.<\/p>\n

Smlouva a s n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed neutrality byly pro Rakousko nepochybn\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9.\u00a0Jak poznamenal<\/a>\u00a0zesnul\u00fd evropsk\u00fd historik Tony Judt 40 let po podpisu smlouvy\u00a0, rakousk\u00e1 studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka se vyzna\u010dovala \u201epozoruhodnou politickou kontinuitou\u201c.\u00a0Pot\u00e9, co se Rakousko prohl\u00e1silo za \u201etrvale neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c, prom\u011bnilo se ve \u201estabiln\u00ed a prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed zemi ve st\u0159edu Evropy\u201c.<\/p>\n

V \u00fanoru 2022 jadern\u00ed experti Thomas Shea a Kateryna Pavlova\u00a0napsali<\/a>\u00a0do Bulletinu atomov\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f, \u017ee smlouva \u201ese uk\u00e1zala jako pozoruhodn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1.\u00a0Dnes je V\u00edde\u0148 s\u00eddlem presti\u017en\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, jako je Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f a Organizace zem\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch ropu.\u00a0M\u011bsto bylo deset let po sob\u011b<\/a>\u00a0hodnoceno jako \u201enejv\u00edce obyvateln\u00e9\u201c m\u011bsto\u00a0ve studii, kter\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vala m\u011bsta po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b z hlediska politick\u00e9ho, soci\u00e1ln\u00edho a ekonomick\u00e9ho klimatu, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a infrastruktury.\u201c<\/p>\n

Je zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee Washington a jeho jest\u0159\u00e1b\u00ed spojenci v Evrop\u011b soustavn\u011b odm\u00edtali eminentn\u011b rozumnou my\u0161lenku neutrality ve prosp\u011bch dogmatick\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed na \u010dlenstv\u00ed Ukrajiny v NATO.\u00a0Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee podle novin\u00e1\u0159e Bena Arise byli vyjednava\u010di zastupuj\u00edc\u00ed Ukrajinu v diplomatick\u00e9m kole v dubnu 2022 ochotni p\u0159istoupit na po\u017eadavek Moskvy, aby se dr\u017eela d\u00e1l od NATO v\u00fdm\u011bnou za bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed dohody se v\u0161emi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi partnery \u2013 n\u011bco, co ru\u0161t\u00ed deleg\u00e1ti akceptovali.<\/p>\n

A a\u0165 u\u017e si n\u011bkdo mysl\u00ed o rusk\u00fdch motivech, veden\u00ed a dom\u00e1c\u00edch politick\u00fdch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edch, o\u017eiven\u00ed Rakouska v desetilet\u00edch n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch po podpisu smlouvy nazna\u010duje, \u017ee my\u0161lenka ukrajinsk\u00e9 neutrality byla (a st\u00e1le je) velice v\u00fdznamn\u00e1. Anatol Lieven z Quincy Institute poznamenal:<\/p>\n

Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed neutrality bylo \u0161iroce vn\u00edm\u00e1no, jak na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, tak na samotn\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b, jako kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 ukrajinsk\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165.\u00a0Modern\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny to ale pln\u011b nepotvrzuj\u00ed.\u00a0B\u00fdt vta\u017een do velmocensk\u00e9ho soupe\u0159en\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed tak z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e1 v\u011bc, jak se o tom americk\u00fd zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed establishment, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd v izolaci od jak\u00fdchkoli n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch hr\u016fz, sna\u017e\u00ed vyd\u00e1vat.\u00a0A kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky, neutralita m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro n\u00e1rod velk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak se v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b vle\u010de do druh\u00e9ho roku bez konce, Bidenova administrativa a jej\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed partne\u0159i by si mohli po\u010d\u00ednat h\u016f\u0159, ne\u017e se sezn\u00e1mit s t\u00edmto a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci ignorovali historii a neust\u00e1le odm\u00edtali neutralitu ve prosp\u011bch otev\u0159en\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed NATO pro Kyjev….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[398,1942,120,26,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28350"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28350"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28352,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28350\/revisions\/28352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}