{"id":27892,"date":"2023-05-12T05:26:27","date_gmt":"2023-05-12T03:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=27892"},"modified":"2023-05-12T05:26:27","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T03:26:27","slug":"osevani-semeny-zkazy-situace-na-ukrajine-je-ztratova-z-kazdeho-pohledu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/05\/12\/osevani-semeny-zkazy-situace-na-ukrajine-je-ztratova-z-kazdeho-pohledu\/","title":{"rendered":"Os\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed semeny zk\u00e1zy: Situace na Ukrajin\u011b je ztr\u00e1tov\u00e1 z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pohledu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
Pro Ukrajince je to ztr\u00e1tov\u00e1 situace. Zat\u00edmco oni um\u00edraj\u00ed, aby ubr\u00e1nili svou p\u016fdu, finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u011b podporuj\u00ed scelov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy oligarchy a z\u00e1padn\u00edmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tvrd\u00ed to Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Mousseau, politick\u00fd \u0159editel Oaklandsk\u00e9ho institutu, nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho think tanku.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

V z\u00e1vislosti na tom, kter\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm v\u011b\u0159\u00edte, zem\u0159elo b\u011bhem konfliktu s Ruskem 100 000 a\u017e 300 000 ukrajinsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f (mo\u017en\u00e1 i v\u00edce). Toto \u010d\u00edslo samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nezahrnuje civiln\u00ed ob\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed proud na Z\u00e1pad\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Rusko zabralo Krym a pot\u00e9 napadlo Ukrajinu. Rusko je vykreslov\u00e1no jako otev\u0159en\u00fd agresor, kter\u00fd chce obnovit svou kontrolu nad rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi oblastmi Evropy.<\/p>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je v\u0161ak nepravdiv\u00fd a\u00a0byl vyvr\u00e1cen<\/a>\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi koment\u00e1tory, kte\u0159\u00ed podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btluj\u00ed, jak byla Ukrajina vyu\u017eita a zmanipulov\u00e1na jako sou\u010d\u00e1st geopolitick\u00e9 kampan\u011b, kterou zformulovali neokonzervativci ve Washingtonu s c\u00edlem destabilizovat Rusko.<\/p>\n

Roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO sm\u011brem na v\u00fdchod, pu\u010d podporovan\u00fd USA v roce 2014 \u2013 po n\u011bm\u017e n\u00e1sledovalo osm let ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed etnicky rusk\u00fdch v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zem\u011b kyjevsk\u00fdm re\u017eimem, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 14 000 mrtv\u00fdch \u2013 vedly k vojensk\u00e9 intervenci Ruska, kter\u00e9 expanzionismus a militarismus pova\u017euje za existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozbu.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku nen\u00ed tyto ot\u00e1zky zkoumat. O tom ji\u017e bylo naps\u00e1no mnoho jinde. Zem\u011b NATO v\u0161ak na Ukrajinu poslaly vojenskou techniku za miliardy dolar\u016f a zem\u0159ely p\u0159i tom statis\u00edce mlad\u00fdch Ukrajinc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zem\u0159eli v p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee chr\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u016fj n\u00e1rod \u2013 svou zemi. Zemi, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed k nej\u00farodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Profesorka Olena Borodina z N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie v\u011bd Ukrajiny \u0159\u00edk\u00e1:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eDnes ve v\u00e1lce bojuj\u00ed a um\u00edraj\u00ed tis\u00edce venkovsk\u00fdch chlapc\u016f a d\u00edvek, zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f. P\u0159i\u0161li o v\u0161echno. Procesy voln\u00e9ho prodeje a n\u00e1kupu p\u016fdy jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce liberalizov\u00e1ny a inzerov\u00e1ny. To skute\u010dn\u011b ohro\u017euje pr\u00e1va Ukrajinc\u016f na jejich p\u016fdu, za kterou polo\u017eili \u017eivot.\u201c<\/em>Borodina je citov\u00e1n ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b Oakland Institute\u00a0War and Theft: The Takeover of Ukraine\u2019s Agricultural Land<\/a>\u00a0z \u00fanora 2023: V n\u00ed se odhaluje, jak oligarchov\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed kontrolu nad ukrajinskou zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdou s pomoc\u00ed a financov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pomoc poskytnut\u00e1 Ukrajin\u011b v posledn\u00edch letech byla spojena s drastick\u00fdm programem struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed trhu s p\u016fdou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd vede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed koncentraci p\u016fdy v rukou mocn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed programu jsou tak\u00e9 \u00fasporn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, \u0161krty v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a privatizace kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed ekonomiky.<\/p>\n

Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Mousseau, spoluautor zpr\u00e1vy, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159esto\u017ee je v centru pozornosti zpravodajstv\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiky, m\u00e1lo pozornosti se v\u011bnuje j\u00e1dru konfliktu \u2013 kdo ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdu v zemi zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako obilnice Evropy. [Odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed hlavn\u00edch s\u00e1zek v t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce.\u201c<\/em>Ze zpr\u00e1vy vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee celkov\u00e1 rozloha p\u016fdy, kterou kontroluj\u00ed oligarchov\u00e9, zkorumpovan\u00ed jednotlivci a velk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 podniky, p\u0159esahuje dev\u011bt milion\u016f hektar\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e 28 % ukrajinsk\u00e9 orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy (zbytek vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e osm milion\u016f ukrajinsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f).<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi vlastn\u00edky p\u016fdy je sm\u011bs ukrajinsk\u00fdch oligarch\u016f a zahrani\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f \u2013 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b evropsk\u00fdch a severoamerick\u00fdch a tak\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00edho fondu Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie. Do ukrajinsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy investuje tak\u00e9 \u0159ada velk\u00fdch americk\u00fdch penzijn\u00edch fond\u016f, nadac\u00ed a univerzitn\u00edch fond\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm NCH Capital \u2013 soukrom\u00e9ho investi\u010dn\u00edho fondu se s\u00eddlem v USA, kter\u00fd je p\u00e1t\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm vlastn\u00edkem p\u016fdy v zemi.<\/p>\n

Prezident Zelenskyj uz\u00e1konil pozemkovou reformu v roce 2020 proti v\u016fli velk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny obyvatel, kte\u0159\u00ed se ob\u00e1vali, \u017ee prohloub\u00ed korupci a pos\u00edl\u00ed kontrolu mocn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m sektoru.<\/p>\n

Oaklandsk\u00fd institut upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee zat\u00edmco velc\u00ed vlastn\u00edci p\u016fdy z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed masivn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed od z\u00e1padn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou nezbytn\u00ed pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch dod\u00e1vek potravin, nedost\u00e1vaj\u00ed prakticky \u017e\u00e1dnou podporu. P\u0159i existenci trhu s p\u016fdou, v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch vysok\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a v\u00e1lky, povede tento rozd\u00edln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k dal\u0161\u00edmu scelov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy velk\u00fdmi zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi podniky.<\/p>\n

A\u017e na jednu jsou v\u0161echny z deseti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch pozemkov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed registrov\u00e1ny v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v da\u0148ov\u00fdch r\u00e1j\u00edch, jako je Kypr nebo Lucembursko. Zpr\u00e1va identifikuje mnoho v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch investor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Vanguard Group, Kopernik Global Investors, BNP Asset Management Holding, NN Investment Partners Holdings vlastn\u011bn\u00e9 Goldman Sachs a Norges Bank Investment Management, kter\u00e1 spravuje norsk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed fond.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f je zna\u010dn\u011b zadlu\u017eena u z\u00e1padn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na u Evropsk\u00e9 banky pro obnovu a rozvoj, Evropsk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed banky a Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed korporace \u2013 soukrom\u00e9 slo\u017eky Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky.<\/p>\n

Tyto instituce jsou spole\u010dn\u011b hlavn\u00edmi v\u011b\u0159iteli ukrajinsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jen \u0161esti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ukrajinsk\u00fdm pozemkov\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem bylo v posledn\u00edch letech p\u016fj\u010deno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,7 miliardy USD. Dal\u0161\u00edmi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi v\u011b\u0159iteli je sm\u011bs p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b evropsk\u00fdch a severoamerick\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, a to jak ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch, tak soukrom\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011b\u0159itel\u00e9 tak z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed pod\u00edl na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f a maj\u00ed na n\u011b zna\u010dn\u00fd vliv. Ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci mezit\u00edm museli hospoda\u0159it s omezen\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm p\u016fdy a finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a mnoz\u00ed z nich se nyn\u00ed ocitli na pokraji chudoby.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce ve skute\u010dnosti dotuj\u00ed koncentraci p\u016fdy a destruktivn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd model zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fd na intenzivn\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed syntetick\u00fdch vstup\u016f, fosiln\u00edch paliv a velkoplo\u0161n\u00e9m p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed monokultur.<\/p>\n

To, co se d\u011bje na Ukrajin\u011b, je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho trendu: do zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b vstupuj\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 fondy, kter\u00e9 se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k levn\u00e9mu pron\u00e1jmu nebo odkupu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f a jejich slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed do velk\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch obiln\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a s\u00f3jov\u00fdch koncern\u016f. Tyto fondy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed penzijn\u00ed fondy, st\u00e1tn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed fondy, nada\u010dn\u00ed fondy a investice vl\u00e1d, bank, poji\u0161\u0165oven a majetn\u00fdch jednotlivc\u016f (viz zpr\u00e1va z roku 2020\u00a0Barbarians at the barn: private equity sinks its teeth into agriculture<\/a>\u00a0na Grain.org).<\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1to financializace zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed p\u0159esouv\u00e1 moc do rukou lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed k zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vztah. Slovy Larryho Finka ze spole\u010dnosti BlackRock: \u201eDlouho se v\u011bnujte zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a vod\u011b a jd\u011bte na pl\u00e1\u017e.\u201c<\/p>\n

Fondy obvykle investuj\u00ed na 10 a\u017e 15 let, co\u017e investor\u016fm p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy, ale m\u016f\u017ee to za sebou zanechat dlouhodobou ekologickou a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed devastaci a podkop\u00e1vat m\u00edstn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost.<\/p>\n

Podle Oaklandsk\u00e9ho institutu naopak drobn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci na Ukrajin\u011b vykazuj\u00ed odolnost a obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jin\u00e9ho modelu v\u00fdroby zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na agroekologii a produkci zdrav\u00fdch potravin. Zat\u00edmco velk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 podniky jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na exportn\u00ed trhy, jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed mal\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

To zd\u016fraz\u0148uje i St\u00e1tn\u00ed statistick\u00e1 slu\u017eba Ukrajiny ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u201eHlavn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 charakteristiky dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed ve venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech v roce 2011\u201c, kter\u00e1 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee drobn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci na Ukrajin\u011b obhospoda\u0159uj\u00ed 16 % zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, ale poskytuj\u00ed 55 % zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkce, v\u010detn\u011b 97 % brambor, 97 % medu, 88 % zeleniny, 83 % ovoce a bobulovin a 80 % ml\u00e9ka.<\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu 2020\u00a0schv\u00e1lil<\/a>\u00a0MMF 18m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed \u00fav\u011brov\u00fd program pro Ukrajinu v hodnot\u011b 5 miliard dolar\u016f. V t\u00e9m\u017ee roce Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka rovn\u011b\u017e za\u010dlenila opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se prodeje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy jako podm\u00ednky do p\u016fj\u010dky na rozvojovou politiku (tzv. \u201ebal\u00ed\u010dek \u00falev\u201c COVID) pro Ukrajinu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 350 milion\u016f USD. To zahrnovalo po\u017eadovanou \u201ep\u0159edb\u011b\u017enou akci\u201c, kter\u00e1 \u201eumo\u017en\u00ed prodej zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy a vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy jako z\u00e1stavy\u201c.<\/p>\n

Podle Oaklandsk\u00e9ho institutu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eUkrajina je nyn\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dlu\u017en\u00edkem Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u011bnov\u00e9ho fondu na sv\u011bt\u011b a jej\u00ed ochromuj\u00edc\u00ed dluhov\u00e9 b\u0159emeno pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povede k dal\u0161\u00edmu tlaku ze strany v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f, dr\u017eitel\u016f dluhopis\u016f a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed na zp\u016fsob pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 obnovy, jej\u00ed\u017e n\u00e1klady se odhaduj\u00ed na 750 miliard USD.\u201c<\/em>Finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho zadlu\u017een\u00ed Ukrajiny k dal\u0161\u00ed privatizaci a liberalizaci a tla\u010d\u00ed zemi do kouta, aby j\u00ed u\u010dinily nab\u00eddku, kterou nem\u016f\u017ee odm\u00edtnout.<\/p>\n

Od za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky je ukrajinsk\u00e1 vlajka vyv\u011b\u0161ena p\u0159ed budovami parlament\u016f na Z\u00e1pad\u011b a ikonick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky jsou osv\u011btleny v jej\u00edch barv\u00e1ch. Obr\u00e1zek, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed pocit\u016f solidarity a podpory tohoto n\u00e1roda a z\u00e1rove\u0148 slou\u017e\u00ed k odveden\u00ed pozornosti od drsn\u00fdch machinac\u00ed geopolitiky a novodob\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho drancov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se neohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice a nebere ohled na osud oby\u010dejn\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n

Colin Todhunter<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Sowing Seeds of Plunder: A Lose-Lose Situation in Ukraine<\/a> vy\u0161el na Global Research 10.5.2023. P\u0159eklad\u00a0 Zv\u011bdavec.<\/p>\n

P\u0159evzato\u00a0Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Pro Ukrajince je to ztr\u00e1tov\u00e1 situace. Zat\u00edmco oni um\u00edraj\u00ed, aby ubr\u00e1nili svou p\u016fdu, finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,59,90,26,104],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27892"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27892"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27892\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}