{"id":27787,"date":"2023-05-11T00:58:57","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T22:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=27787"},"modified":"2023-05-10T17:28:34","modified_gmt":"2023-05-10T15:28:34","slug":"zbynek-fiala-prumysl-miri-pod-nulu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/05\/11\/zbynek-fiala-prumysl-miri-pod-nulu\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Pr\u016fmysl m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pod nulu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 konkurence p\u0159itvrzuje, elektrick\u00e1 auta u\u017e tam jsou za hubi\u010dku.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u010cesk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl zachra\u0148oval b\u0159eznovou pr\u016fmyslovou produkci, kdy\u017e p\u0159idal obrovit\u00fdch 42 procent aut oproti b\u0159eznu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku. Jen\u017ee lo\u0148sk\u00e1 v\u00fdroba aut v\u00e1zla kv\u016fli kritick\u00e9mu nedostatku dov\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, tak\u017ee celoro\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek byl hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e roku 2014. Je to tedy skok z\u00a0hlubok\u00e9 d\u00edry. Jin\u00e9 obory se do n\u00ed sesouvaj\u00ed. Jak informoval\u00a0Radek Mat\u011bjka z\u00a0\u010cS\u00da, ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed produkce poklesla. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pokles zaznamenali statistici v energetice. Pokles pokra\u010doval i v\u00a0chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, hutnictv\u00ed a sl\u00e9v\u00e1renstv\u00ed nebo t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed, kde produkce meziro\u010dn\u011b klesla o p\u011btinu.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 hodnota nov\u00fdch zak\u00e1zek klesala, ve v\u00fdrob\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kov\u016f, hutnictv\u00ed a sl\u00e9v\u00e1renstv\u00ed o v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011btinu, v\u00a0kovod\u011bln\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu o\u00a0desetinu a pokles popt\u00e1vky pokra\u010doval i ve v\u00fdrob\u011b chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f. Textiln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl zaznamenal dvojcifern\u00fd pokles zak\u00e1zek.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.czso.cz\/csu\/czso\/cri\/prumysl-brezen-2023<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0158ada pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch obor\u016f se tak dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do z\u00e1sadn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Za n\u011bco m\u016f\u017ee nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed energie v\u00a0EU, jak to za\u0159\u00eddila na\u0161e drah\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, kde to slovo \u201edrah\u00e1\u201c opravdu sed\u00ed. Energetika ods\u00e1v\u00e1 zdroje z\u00a0ekonomiky, a vedle toho ji oslabuje tak\u00e9 inflac\u00ed, kde rovn\u011b\u017e hrd\u011b kralujeme v\u00a0EU. Vedle poklesu v\u00fdroby to p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i pokles \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat t\u0159eba na v\u00fdvoji maloobchodn\u00edch tr\u017eeb. Ty v\u00a0b\u0159eznu klesly meziro\u010dn\u011b o 8 procent.<\/p>\n

Ale je tu je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed vliv. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 prudce p\u0159ib\u00fdvat samov\u00fdrobc\u016f elekt\u0159iny, tak\u017ee dom\u00e1c\u00ed trh se zmen\u0161uje. \u010cEZ letos znovu prodal prakticky ve\u0161kerou v\u00fdrobu dop\u0159edu na energetick\u00e9 burze. Ti chud\u00e1ci, a je n\u00e1s drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina, kdo jsou odk\u00e1z\u00e1ni na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed dod\u00e1vky, si tedy mus\u00ed nechat diktovat cenov\u00e9 zh\u016fv\u011b\u0159ilosti z\u00a0lipsk\u00e9 burzy, kter\u00e9 jsou naprosto odtr\u017een\u00e9 od dom\u00e1c\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f v\u00fdroby. Debaty o tom, \u017ee by se m\u011bla cena elekt\u0159iny odtrhnout od nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed elekt\u0159iny z\u00a0plynov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f \u010di jinak p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit realit\u011b, tak znovu dos\u00e1hnou pouze rozt\u0159epen\u00ed pysku \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f. Nen\u00ed jin\u00e1 z\u00e1chrana ne\u017e vlastn\u00ed sol\u00e1r nebo v\u011btrn\u00edk, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kombinovan\u00e1 v\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny a tepla v\u00a0obecn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rni\u010dce na \u0161t\u011bpku.<\/p>\n

Pro zaj\u00edmavost, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed investice do obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a elektromobility tvo\u0159ily loni drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu z\u00a01\u00a0100 miliard dolar\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00edch investic do zelen\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Je to p\u011btin\u00e1sobn\u00fd r\u016fst oproti stavu p\u0159ed deseti lety. Dynamika t\u011bchto investic p\u0159itom prudce zrychluje. Vp\u0159edu jako hon\u00edc\u00ed psi sl\u00edd\u00ed po nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech rizikov\u00fd kapit\u00e1l. Sol\u00e1ry a v\u011btrn\u00edky u\u017e jsou komodita, proto loni se nejv\u00edc investovalo do ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed energie, elektrick\u00fdch aut a taky do potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tam je nov\u00fdm trh\u00e1kem ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku. Nen\u00ed to a\u017e tak raketov\u00e1 v\u011bda, kdy\u017e se to d\u011bl\u00e1 jinak, ne\u017e ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm spalin a d\u00e9monick\u00fdmi kousky, jak ty nepatrn\u00e9 koncentrace oxidu uhl\u00edku zachytit a zne\u0161kodnit v\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9m miner\u00e1lu. Mnohem sn\u00e1ze dos\u00e1hneme v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho efektu pyrol\u00fdzou biomasy, \u010dili v\u00fdrobou d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pak rozemele a vprav\u00ed do p\u016fdy. Tam vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro mikroorganismy a \u017eivn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a stabilizuje obsah organick\u00e9 hmoty v ornici. Tak\u017ee to pom\u016f\u017ee jak zamo\u0159en\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, tak p\u0159i rehabilitaci p\u016fdy zmrza\u010den\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm. Je to postup, kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m u\u017e tis\u00edce let jako \u201eterra preta\u201c z\u00a0indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky \u010di Amazonie.<\/p>\n

Agentura Bloomberg zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpad podnikatele, kter\u00fd prodal softwarovou spole\u010dnost za n\u011bkolik miliard dolar\u016f a vrhl se na v\u00fdrobu biocharu, jak se tomuto produktu tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Ov\u0161em ve velk\u00e9m, v\u010detn\u011b budov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu. Ani u n\u00e1s nejsme v\u00a0tomto oboru zcela bez zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Dokonce existovala skupina \u010desk\u00fdch biolog\u016f a lesn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e1 cht\u011bla touto metodou obnovovat neplodnou p\u016fdu z\u00a0vyp\u00e1len\u00e9ho pralesa n\u011bkde v\u00a0Kon\u017esk\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 republice. Nab\u00edz\u00ed to dvoj\u00ed v\u00fdnos \u2013 zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00farodnosti a p\u0159\u00edjem za sekvestraci uhl\u00edku, tedy p\u0159\u00edjem z\u00a0obchod\u016f s\u00a0povolenkami.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b dramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je to v\u00a0revolu\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b automobilismu. \u0160koda m\u011bla v\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b asi 6 procent elektrick\u00fdch aut, Volkswagen 7 procent. To je prost\u011b m\u00e1lo a bude se to te\u010f \u0159e\u0161it na valn\u00e9 hromad\u011b Volkswagenu. V\u00a0Evrop\u011b je nejd\u00e1l Norsko, kde bylo loni 80 procent prodan\u00fdch aut elektrick\u00fdch, kraluje Tesla. Ale nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je rozhodn\u011b \u010c\u00edna, kde elektrick\u00e9 vozy tvo\u0159\u00ed 25 procent prodej\u016f aut, a p\u0159itom hlavn\u011b \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch. Modely Tesly tam najdete a\u017e na 4. a 8. m\u00edst\u011b. VW v\u00a0prvn\u00ed des\u00edtce nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dv\u011b novinky znovu m\u011bn\u00ed situaci. Prvn\u00ed jsou baterky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed m\u00edsto nedostatkov\u00e9ho lithia hojn\u00fd sod\u00edk. Maj\u00ed sice men\u0161\u00ed kapacitu, ale to se postupn\u011b\u00a0 vylep\u0161uje, a budou mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Druhou novinkou je masov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba mal\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch voz\u016f. Vedouc\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce BYD p\u0159edvedl na autosal\u00f3nu v\u00a0\u0160anghaji hatchback velkosti fabie pod n\u00e1zvem Seagull, kter\u00fd se bude v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b prod\u00e1vat za \u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0korun\u00e1ch nejde moc p\u0159es 200 tis\u00edc. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 Dacia (Renault) je je\u0161t\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako Bingo, vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010c\u00edn\u011b ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m podniku General Motors, SAIC a Wuling Motors. BYD Seagal si zat\u00edm zachoval lithiov\u00e9 baterie a nab\u00edz\u00ed dojezd 300 kilometr\u016f, ale se sod\u00edkov\u00fdmi bateriemi m\u00e1 BYD tak\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 novinky vznikaj\u00ed v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e cenov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kde byly propady cen a\u017e o 40 procent. Evropa je zat\u00edm od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch voz\u00edtek odst\u00edn\u011bna. A\u017e projdou evropskou homologac\u00ed, ponesou \u00fapravy, kter\u00e9 cenu zvednou a\u017e o 80 procent, soud\u00ed agentura Bloomberg. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd trh je v\u0161ak mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, a kdo chce prod\u00e1vat tam, m\u00e1 to opravdu t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-04-22\/byd-11-450-ev-hatchback-set-to-reshape-china-s-first-car-market<\/a><\/p>\n

Vra\u0165me se k\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 zn\u00e1mky drsn\u00e9 recese. Jak je vid\u011bt, ani ty automobilky, kter\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0b\u0159eznu zachra\u0148ovala \u010desk\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla, nejsou z\u00a0hou\u0161tin venku. Sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak. Volkswagen zaspal a v\u00a0\u010cesku to dor\u00e1\u017e\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 k\u00a0zelen\u00fdm technologi\u00edm. K\u00a0tlaku drah\u00fdch energi\u00ed se tak p\u0159id\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b tlak technologick\u00e9 zaostalosti.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
\u017durnalista, v minulosti dlouholet\u00fd \u0161\u00e9fredaktor \u010dasopisu Ekonom.<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 konkurence p\u0159itvrzuje, elektrick\u00e1 auta u\u017e tam jsou za hubi\u010dku. \u010cesk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl zachra\u0148oval b\u0159eznovou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16898,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,506,59,2109],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27787"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27787"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27788,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27787\/revisions\/27788"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}