{"id":27630,"date":"2023-05-08T04:24:28","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T02:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=27630"},"modified":"2023-05-08T04:24:28","modified_gmt":"2023-05-08T02:24:28","slug":"ruska-ropa-zaplavuje-svetove-trhy-prostrednictvim-vyznamnych-asijskych-zprostredkovatelu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/05\/08\/ruska-ropa-zaplavuje-svetove-trhy-prostrednictvim-vyznamnych-asijskych-zprostredkovatelu\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusk\u00e1 ropa zaplavuje sv\u011btov\u00e9 trhy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch asijsk\u00fdch zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<section class=\"perex\">Navzdory z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm se do sv\u011bta vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce rusk\u00e9ho paliva ne\u017e p\u0159ed ukrajinskou kriz\u00ed. Jen se dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159es Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii, Indii, \u010c\u00ednu a dal\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed st\u00e1ty \u2013 s vysok\u00fdmi provizemi.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"clanek-obsah\">Navzdory z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm uvalen\u00fdm na Rusko kv\u016fli konfliktu na Ukrajin\u011b dov\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 asijsk\u00e9 a zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1padoasijsk\u00e9 ekonomiky zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho benzinu za zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 ceny a s ne\u010dekan\u00fdmi zisky jej d\u00e1le prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed do EU pod sv\u00fdmi zna\u010dkami.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce p\u0159inutily Moskvu aktivn\u011b diverzifikovat sv\u016fj energetick\u00fd export \u2013 v\u00fdvoz ropy a plynu tvo\u0159il 45 % rozpo\u010dtu rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy na rok 2022 \u2013 a rychle zaplnila mezeru po sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9m v\u00fdvozu ropy do Evropy nov\u00fdmi z\u00e1kazn\u00edky v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Indii a zem\u00edch Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory z\u00e1kazu v\u00fdvozu ropy po mo\u0159i ze strany EU dos\u00e1hl v\u00fdvoz rusk\u00e9 ropy po mo\u0159i v prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed leto\u0161n\u00edho roku\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-04-24\/russia-s-crude-exports-still-show-little-sign-of-production-cuts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">3,5 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b<\/a>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159ekonal 3,35 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b zaznamenan\u00fdch na po\u010d\u00e1tku ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu p\u0159ed rokem.<\/p>\n<p>Podle analytik\u016f a vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu se tak stalo navzdory z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 vedly k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bkolika aktivn\u00edch obchodn\u00edch partnerstv\u00ed s ruskou ropou na trz\u00edch EU.<\/p>\n<h2>Hled\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak obej\u00edt sankce<\/h2>\n<p>Dubajsk\u00fd ropn\u00fd magn\u00e1t Hakam Valliani sd\u011blil spole\u010dnosti The Cradle, \u017ee sankce obecn\u011b nem\u011bly v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na dod\u00e1vky rusk\u00e9ho benzinu, proto\u017ee nov\u00ed kupci zaplnili mezeru po trhu EU. Washington podle n\u011bj tato omezen\u00ed prosadil proto, aby donutil EU kupovat drah\u00fd americk\u00fd benzin nam\u00edsto levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rusk\u00e9 ropy.<\/p>\n<p>Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rusk\u00fdm zkapaln\u011bn\u00fdm zemn\u00edm plynem (LNG) je cena americk\u00e9ho LNG t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 1 000 dolar\u016f za tunu dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, tak\u017ee \u201eEvropsk\u00e1 unie plat\u00ed za americk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Valliani.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eA\u0165 u\u017e sankce budou, nebo nebudou, jednotlivci si najdou zp\u016fsob, jak je obej\u00edt, a vymysl\u00ed mazan\u00e9 strategie, jak omezen\u00ed obej\u00edt,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 a dod\u00e1v\u00e1:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eJe d\u011bsiv\u00e9, \u017ee se hrout\u00ed cel\u00fd americk\u00fd cenov\u00fd benchmark a syst\u00e9m SWIFT a \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch p\u011bti letech bude zapot\u0159eb\u00ed nov\u00fd benchmark. Rusko nyn\u00ed p\u0159i transakc\u00edch s palivy akceptuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u011bny, v\u010detn\u011b indick\u00fdch rupi\u00ed, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch renminbi a dal\u0161\u00edch region\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn.\u201c<\/em>Valliani p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thecradle.co\/article-view\/20037\/why-bri-is-back-with-a-bang-in-2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm BRICS (na BRICS+)<\/a>\u00a0dojde k poklesu hodnoty dolaru a k rozpadu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u011bnov\u00e9ho fondu (MMF): \u201eBudouc\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd zdroj zlata a ropy bude poch\u00e1zet z BRICS+.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>To umo\u017enilo zem\u00edm, jako je Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, \u010c\u00edna, Indie a \u00cdr\u00e1n, dov\u00e1\u017eet v\u011bt\u0161inu rusk\u00e9 ropy nikoli pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159ebu, ale pro p\u0159epravu t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m na trhy v Evrop\u011b a Asii s nedostatkem energie.<\/p>\n<h2>Sa\u00fadsk\u00fd dovoz rusk\u00e9 ropy<\/h2>\n<p>Podle\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/record-flows-russian-diesel-mideast-boost-exports-europe-africa-2023-04-04\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">agentury Reuters<\/a>\u00a0dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie neb\u00fdval\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho paliva, aby obe\u0161la americk\u00e9 sankce. Obchodn\u00edci tak\u00e9 vyu\u017eili ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch cen k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1sob paliva v uzlu Fujairah, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie dnes hraje st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli jako dodavatel pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch paliv do Evropy a Afriky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, Kuvajt a Rusko p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k z\u00e1sob\u00e1m paliv v Asii.<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed producent v r\u00e1mci OPEC a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd v\u00fdvozce ropy, musela zv\u00fd\u0161it sv\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dod\u00e1vky energie \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017eit svou vlastn\u00ed produkci podle rozhodnut\u00ed OPEC+ \u2013 kv\u016fli omezen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho dovozu rusk\u00e9 ropy a ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f, kter\u00e1 zavedly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n<p>V b\u0159eznu a na za\u010d\u00e1tku dubna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cryptopolitan.com\/saudi-buys-russian-oil-to-evade-us-sanctions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">dovezla Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie rekordn\u00edch 261 000 tun rusk\u00e9 nafty<\/a>. T\u0159i kontejnery byly vylo\u017eeny v D\u017eidd\u011b, jeden byl dod\u00e1n do Ras Tanury. Rozmez\u00ed cen franko paluba pro n\u00e1klad rusk\u00e9 nafty, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt nalo\u017een v b\u0159eznu, se pohybovalo od 60 do 70 dolar\u016f za barel.<\/p>\n<p>Tato cena je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 20 dolar\u016f za barel ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u201ebl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00ed benchmark\u201c, kter\u00fd nedosahuje cenov\u00e9ho stropu 100 dolar\u016f za barel stanoven\u00e9ho konsorciem G7, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje obchodn\u00edk\u016fm vyu\u017e\u00edvat k p\u0159eprav\u011b rusk\u00e9ho paliva z\u00e1padn\u00ed plavidla a poji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energypolicy.columbia.edu\/publications\/the-eu-ban-on-russian-oil-crude-implications-for-the-middle-east\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Centra pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed energetickou politiku<\/a>\u00a0p\u0159i Kolumbijsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b upozornila Evropskou komisi, \u017ee z konfliktu na Ukrajin\u011b do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry profituj\u00ed zem\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed ropu v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii.<\/p>\n<p>Studie zkoum\u00e1 d\u016fsledky zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho dovozu rusk\u00e9 ropy ze z\u00e1padoasijsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00fd se projevil p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm cen a vytvo\u0159il p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro rafinaci, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a distribuci rusk\u00e9 ropy.<\/p>\n<p>Podle analytik\u016f se hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdvozci z oblasti Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, jako jsou Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie a Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, stanou \u201ehlavn\u00edmi balanc\u00e9ry v Evrop\u011b\u201c a budou zaji\u0161\u0165ovat dod\u00e1vky ropy na kontinent.<\/p>\n<p>Parlament EU, znepokojen\u00fd dovozem rusk\u00e9 nafty ze Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie a jej\u00edm n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm reexportem do Evropy,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/E-9-2023-001140_EN.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">byl nucen zah\u00e1jit diskusi<\/a>\u00a0o tomto nov\u00e9m fenom\u00e9nu a prozkoumat, \u201ejak\u00e9 d\u016fkazy m\u00e1 Komise k dispozici na podporu sv\u00e9ho tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee nafta dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 ze Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie do Evropsk\u00e9 unie nen\u00ed pouze rebrandovanou ruskou ropou?\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Skupina rovn\u011b\u017e zkoum\u00e1 cenov\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi zlevn\u011bn\u00fdm dovozem ropy z Ruska do Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie a dovozem ropy z kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed do EU. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je zjistit, zda Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie a dal\u0161\u00ed subjekty ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed trh hraj\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i uspokojov\u00e1n\u00ed dovozn\u00edch pot\u0159eb Evropy a zda zabra\u0148uj\u00ed poklesu trhu v d\u016fsledku z\u00e1kazu dovozu rusk\u00e9 ropy.<\/p>\n<p>Hakam Valliani se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee ropa z Ruska je pro Evropu i USA nezbytnost\u00ed, a p\u0159esto\u017ee si v\u0161ichni uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o sankcionovan\u00fd produkt, nakonec jej kupuj\u00ed. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40 % americk\u00e9ho dovozu ropy poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Ruska a \u017ee obchodn\u00edci v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii, ji\u017en\u00ed Asii, \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu, Kazachst\u00e1nu, Turkii a zbytku z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie ve sv\u00fdch zem\u00edch p\u0159ezna\u010duj\u00ed rusk\u00fd benzin.<\/p>\n<p>Valliani tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee i banky o t\u011bchto transakc\u00edch v\u011bd\u00ed, ale rozhodly se je ignorovat, a dod\u00e1v\u00e1:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eRusk\u00e9ho leteck\u00e9ho benzinu sice nen\u00ed k dispozici mnoho, ale ziskov\u00e1 mar\u017ee z n\u011bj je o 25 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u paliva vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho v USA. Ziskov\u00e1 mar\u017ee u nafty Euro 5 je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u nafty vyroben\u00e9 na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b nebo ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Mar\u017ee na metrick\u00e9 tun\u011b nafty se pohybuje kolem 100 dolar\u016f.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Vliv \u010c\u00edny a Indie<\/h2>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/india-china-snap-up-russian-oil-april-above-price-cap-2023-04-18\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">zpr\u00e1vy tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed<\/a>, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna a Indie hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v tom, aby se Rusko vyhnulo z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm a zv\u00fd\u0161ilo sv\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky ropy na \u00farove\u0148 p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na Indie\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/business\/story\/russian-oil-gets-backdoor-entry-europe-via-india-boosting-exports-ukraine-war-2356307-2023-04-06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">se stala v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem<\/a>\u00a0na sv\u011btov\u00fdch trz\u00edch s ropou, proto\u017ee dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed levnou ruskou ropu a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 ji na palivo pro Evropu a USA. Ve fisk\u00e1ln\u00edm roce 2022-2023 Indie dovezla z Ruska velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ropy, co\u017e j\u00ed umo\u017enilo zv\u00fd\u0161it dod\u00e1vky nafty a leteck\u00e9ho paliva do Evropy.<\/p>\n<p>V lednu\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/indias-russian-oil-imports-surge-record-january-trade-2023-02-17\/#:~:text=NEW%20DELHI%2C%20Feb%2017%20(Reuters,data%20from%20trade%20sources%20showed.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Indie dovezla rekordn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0rusk\u00e9 ropy, kter\u00e9 se oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu roku ztrojn\u00e1sobilo. Pot\u00e9, co Moskva sn\u00ed\u017eila ceny ropy pro Indii \u2013 po vypuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b \u2013 se Rusko stalo hlavn\u00edm dodavatelem ropy do Indie a p\u0159edstihlo Ir\u00e1k i Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edl Ruska na dovozu energie do Indie se v \u00fanoru\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/business\/Economy\/indias-russian-oil-imports-hit-record-high-in-february-now-more-than-iraq-saudi-put-together\/article66583237.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">zv\u00fd\u0161il na 1,62 milionu barel\u016f<\/a>\u00a0denn\u011b a z necel\u00e9ho 1 procenta p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b v roce 2022 na sou\u010dasn\u00fdch 35 procent.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dtvrtina z 4,5-4,6 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b rusk\u00e9 ropy dovezen\u00e9 v letech 2022-2023 sm\u011b\u0159ovala do indick\u00fdch rafineri\u00ed a dlouhodob\u00e1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dnpindia.in\/nation\/india-becomes-gateway-for-russian-oil-into-europe-spurs-exports\/209078\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">dohoda<\/a>\u00a0mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm producentem ropy v Rusku, spole\u010dnost\u00ed Rosn\u011bf\u0165, a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed indickou rafineri\u00ed, spole\u010dnost\u00ed Indian Oil Corp, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it a diverzifikovat druhy ropy p\u0159epravovan\u00e9 do Indie.<\/p>\n<h2>Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd obchod s palivy<\/h2>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thecradle.co\/article-view\/23574\/russia-begins-exporting-fuel-to-iran-by-rail-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">bylo ozn\u00e1meno<\/a>, \u017ee Rusko za\u010dalo po\u010d\u00e1tkem leto\u0161n\u00edho roku vyv\u00e1\u017eet do \u00cdr\u00e1nu po \u017eeleznici benz\u00edn a naftu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v \u00fanoru a b\u0159eznu Moskva umo\u017enila Teher\u00e1nu p\u0159\u00edstup a\u017e k 30 000 tun benz\u00ednu a nafty.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli ru\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 v roce 2017 ozn\u00e1mili, \u017ee se s \u00cdr\u00e1nem bude obchodovat s ropn\u00fdmi produkty, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky za\u010daly a\u017e v roce 2023. Z\u00e1silky ropy byly do \u00cdr\u00e1nu p\u0159epravov\u00e1ny po \u017eeleznici z Ruska p\u0159es Turkmenist\u00e1n a Kazachst\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cdr\u00e1n pot\u0159ebuje zemn\u00ed plyn a naftu pro provoz sv\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren a rafineri\u00ed, ale jeden z p\u0159edn\u00edch rafin\u00e9r\u016f ropy se s\u00eddlem v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii, kter\u00fd si p\u0159\u00e1l z\u016fstat v anonymit\u011b, sd\u011blil serveru The Cradle, \u017ee existuje mo\u017enost, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n pou\u017eije ruskou z\u00e1silku na v\u00fdvoz do jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee P\u00e1kist\u00e1n \u2013 krom\u011b Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu \u2013 je neform\u00e1ln\u00edm trhem pro \u00edr\u00e1nskou ropu v hodnot\u011b n\u011bkolika miliard dolar\u016f, a d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky benz\u00ednu z \u00cdr\u00e1nu jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eeny kamiony do sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed, jako je Ir\u00e1k, podporuj\u00ed domn\u011bnku, \u017ee Teher\u00e1n vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 na obchodech s benz\u00ednem.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce op\u011bt uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee maj\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thecradle.co\/article-view\/23867\/the-sanctions-boomerang-why-trade-bans-backfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">tendenci se obr\u00e1tit proti nim<\/a>. Prodej rusk\u00e9 ropy je na vzestupu a Asie z toho m\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, proto\u017ee p\u0159eprod\u00e1v\u00e1 levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rusk\u00e9 palivo za vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ceny do Evropy, kter\u00e1 je v tomto z\u00e1stupn\u00e9m konfliktu s Ruskem jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pora\u017een\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p><b>F. M.\u00a0Shakil<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"podcarou\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thecradle.co\/article-view\/24418\/russian-oil-floods-global-markets-via-major-asian-intermediaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Russian oil floods global markets via major Asian intermediaries<\/a> vy\u0161el 4.5.2023 na The Cardtle. P\u0159eklad Zv\u011bdavec.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159evzato\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zvedavec.news\/komentare\/2023\/05\/9629-ruska-ropa-zaplavuje-svetove-trhy-prostrednictvim-vyznamnych-asijskych-zprostredkovatelu.htm\">Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-19187 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-PRO-300x36.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1283\" height=\"154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-PRO-300x36.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-PRO.jpg 699w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1283px) 100vw, 1283px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Navzdory z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm se do sv\u011bta vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce rusk\u00e9ho paliva ne\u017e p\u0159ed ukrajinskou kriz\u00ed. Jen&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10296,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[283,310,22,125],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27630"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27630"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27630\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}