{"id":26469,"date":"2023-04-19T01:03:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-18T23:03:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=26469"},"modified":"2023-04-18T18:05:12","modified_gmt":"2023-04-18T16:05:12","slug":"zbynek-fiala-duchodova-mela","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/04\/19\/zbynek-fiala-duchodova-mela\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: D\u016fchodov\u00e1 mela"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Pokud chceme d\u00e1t d\u016fchodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m do po\u0159\u00e1dku, zbavme se nap\u0159ed t\u011bch, kdo ho ni\u010d\u00ed.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Souboj o d\u016fchodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m prob\u00edh\u00e1 podle klasick\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu \u2013 odkrvit a privatizovat. Kdo by cht\u011bl v\u011bd\u011bt, co ho v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m fondov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu \u010dek\u00e1, a\u0165 se pod\u00edv\u00e1 na v\u00fdsledky t\u011bch st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch penzijn\u00edch fond\u016f. Podle anal\u00fdzy Freedom Financial Services v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010desk\u00fdch penzijn\u00edch fond\u016f loni prod\u011blala, ty nejhor\u0161\u00ed a\u017e o p\u011btinu. L\u00e9pe pochodily n\u011bkter\u00e9 dluhopisov\u00e9 fondy, ale v\u0161eho do \u010dasu, to je\u0161t\u011b nezah\u0159m\u011bl \u00fader inflace naplno, a to je n\u011bco, co dluhopisy spolehliv\u011b ni\u010d\u00ed. Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fd syst\u00e9m je nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se neop\u00edr\u00e1 o spekulaci, ale o pr\u00e1ci a mzdy. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, pokud je rozumn\u011b nastaven.<\/p>\n

Letos na \u010desk\u00fd d\u016fchodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m za\u00fato\u010dila p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm neschopnost vl\u00e1dy zabrzdit n\u00e1klady na energie, kter\u00e9 pak vyhnaly \u010deskou inflaci na \u0161pi\u010dku evropsk\u00e9ho \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. A kde je inflace, tam jsou valorizace d\u016fchod\u016f, pokud se nemaj\u00ed senio\u0159i m\u011bnit v kulturu popelnicov\u00fdch pol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0lednu 2022 bylo \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed procentn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bry d\u016fchod\u016f o 1,3 % a k\u00a0tomu je\u0161t\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 o 300 korun. Zv\u00fd\u0161ila se i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bra, odvozen\u00e1 od 10 procent pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy, to bylo o 140 K\u010d na 4040 K\u010d. Dal\u0161\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed procentn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bry d\u016fchodu prob\u011bhlo v\u00a0\u010dervnu 2022 o 8,2 % a v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2022 o 5,2 %. Nav\u00e1zalo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed procentn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bry v\u00a0pravideln\u00e9m term\u00edn u od ledna 2023 o 5,1 % a zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00fdplat v\u00fdchovn\u00e9ho u jednoho z\u00a0rodi\u010d\u016f ve v\u00fd\u0161i 500 K\u010d.<\/p>\n

Drah\u00e9? Drah\u00e9, ale p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nen\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fchodov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, ale v dvoucifern\u00e9 inflaci mimo n\u011bj. \u00dasm\u011bvn\u00e1 je \u00favaha ministra pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Mariana Jure\u010dky, \u017ee by valorizaci v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9ho dal\u0161\u00edho vzep\u011bt\u00ed inflace nahradil n\u011bjak\u00fdm do\u010dasn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem. To bude bezva, \u010das p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se vy\u010derp\u00e1, ale ceny z\u016fstanou naho\u0159e \u2026<\/p>\n

A na \u0159ad\u011b je nov\u00e9 pou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eilou. Vl\u00e1da projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1vrh, \u017ee by pracuj\u00edc\u00edm d\u016fchodc\u016fm p\u0159estala d\u016fchody trochu nav\u00edc zvy\u0161ovat, ale m\u00edsto toho by je osvobodila od plateb soci\u00e1ln\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd prd\u016fch si p\u0159ijde po dal\u0161\u00edm roce pr\u00e1ce na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fchodu o 0,4 procenta. Ale to mu pak plat\u00ed furt. Zato kdyby m\u00edsto toho p\u0159estal platit soci\u00e1lku, sice r\u00e1zem dostane nav\u00edc p\u011bkn\u00fdch 6,5 procenta z\u00a0vym\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edho z\u00e1kladu, ale jen po dobu pracovn\u00edho zapojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Men\u0161\u00ed radost by z\u00a0toho m\u011bl d\u016fchodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Rozd\u00edl by byl v\u00a0cashflow, v okam\u017eit\u00e9m v\u00fdpadku p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f 566 tis\u00edc pracuj\u00edc\u00edch d\u016fchodc\u016f (\u010d\u00edslo z\u00a0roku 2021). To by p\u011bkn\u011b za\u0165alo sekeru. Nejv\u00edc by chyb\u011bly p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. U \u017eivnostn\u00edk\u016f je to jedno, jejich pod\u00edl se d\u00e1 odhadnout podle jejich da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se po zru\u0161en\u00ed EET vrac\u00ed k\u00a0bezv\u00fdznamnosti.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed mina m\u00e1 podobu absurdn\u00edho konfliktu mezi v\u00fdpo\u010dty \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho d\u016fchodu, kter\u00fd p\u0159inesl perverzn\u00ed motivaci pro p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdplaty, a to i tam, kde pro to nebyly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 rozumn\u00e9 \u2013 dejme tomu zdravotn\u00ed \u2013 d\u016fvody. Do p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho d\u016fchodu se mohlo j\u00edt o p\u011bt let d\u0159\u00edv, te\u010f se to snad zkr\u00e1t\u00ed na t\u0159i roky, ale to \u0159e\u0161\u00ed jen \u010d\u00e1st probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Pod\u00edvejme se podrobn\u011bji, na ten konflikt p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f ministerstva pr\u00e1ce k\u00a0valorizac\u00edm a \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm d\u016fchod\u016fm. Je a\u017e neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, jak se jim ta \u010d\u00edsla perou.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdklad za\u010dn\u011bme u v\u00fdpo\u010dtu vym\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edho z\u00e1kladu d\u016fchodu, kter\u00fd se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0okam\u017eiku odchodu do d\u016fchodu. Odvozuje se od p\u0159edchoz\u00ed mzdy, ale je to dost komplikovan\u00e9, proto\u017ee pod\u00edl mzdy nad ur\u010ditou v\u00fd\u0161i se zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b (sni\u017euje se na \u201ereduk\u010dn\u00edch limitech\u201c). Je to poz\u016fstatek solidarity z\u00a0minulosti, a taky nutnost, aby d\u016fchodci po \u017eivot\u011b na n\u00edzk\u00fdch mzd\u00e1ch v\u016fbec mohli vy\u017e\u00edt. N\u00edzk\u00fd d\u016fchod je proto stanoven pom\u011brn\u011b bl\u00edzko k p\u0159edchoz\u00edm n\u00edzk\u00fdm mzd\u00e1m, zat\u00edmco z\u00a0t\u011bch nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch mezd se p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jen zlomek, pouh\u00e1 desetina p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstk\u016f nad ur\u010dit\u00fd limit. Kdo m\u011bl prachy, m\u011bl spo\u0159it, to je v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n

Nakonec v\u00e1m tedy vym\u011b\u0159\u00ed d\u016fchod, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou \u010d\u00edsel. Prvn\u00edm je z\u00e1klad, to je desetina pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy v\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce, a druh\u00fdm je ona procentn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bra, jak vy\u0161la z\u00a0reduk\u010dn\u00ed ml\u00fdnice. Kdy\u017e dojde na valorizace, jejich\u017e hybatelem je polovina r\u016fstu re\u00e1ln\u00fdch mezd a inflace, zvy\u0161uje se procentn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bra v\u0161em o stejn\u00e9 procento. V tom u\u017e se nikdo nehrabe. Jakmile jednou nasko\u010d\u00edte do d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho vlaku, vezete se spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

Je tu v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed re\u017eim. N\u011bkdo, kdo p\u0159i\u0161el p\u0159ed \u0161edes\u00e1tkou o pr\u00e1ci a jinou nenajde, nasko\u010d\u00ed odevzdan\u011b do d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho vlaku d\u0159\u00edv. \u0160lo to a\u017e o p\u011bt let.\u00a0 Znamen\u00e1 to o\u017eelet penalizaci, kter\u00e1 ukousne z\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010dtu d\u016fchodu a\u017e 6 procent. Zd\u00e1 se to b\u00fdt hodn\u011b, ale nen\u00ed to jedin\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 tu vstupuje do hry. Kdy\u017e jede vlak valorizac\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e pen\u00e1le, p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 nasko\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 hodnotu v\u00fdhry v\u00a0loterii.<\/p>\n

Valorizace b\u011bhem roku 2022 zvedly d\u016fchody o 19,6 procenta, zat\u00edmco koeficient pro stanoven\u00ed vym\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edho z\u00e1kladu u nov\u00fdch d\u016fchod\u016f od roku 2023 p\u0159es zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 reduk\u010dn\u00ed limity dal jen 3,6 procenta p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstku. Nov\u00ed d\u016fchodci na za\u010d\u00e1tku leto\u0161n\u00edho roku tak p\u0159i\u0161li v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru o 16 % – ale jen pokud se v\u010das neprobudili. Kdy\u017e p\u016fjdou do p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho d\u016fchodu a penalizace je p\u0159iprav\u00ed o 6 procent, po\u0159\u00e1d na tom budou o 10 procentn\u00edch bod\u016f l\u00edp ne\u017e v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m term\u00ednu. Valorizace smazaly pen\u00e1le za p\u0159ed\u010dasnost a syst\u00e9m lidi p\u0159inutil, aby \u010derpali v\u00edc a brali d\u016fchod d\u00e9le.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edc na tom vyd\u011blali ti, kdo \u0161li do p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho d\u016fchodu hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku, a \u00fapln\u011b nejv\u00edc ti, kdo do toho \u0161li s\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fchody, proto\u017ee tam se s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det skoro bez redukc\u00ed s\u00a0jednotnou procentn\u00ed valorizac\u00ed. Tak\u017ee z vym\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edho z\u00e1kladu 20 tis\u00edc, kter\u00fd by letos vynesl d\u016fchod 16\u00a0819 K\u010d, se dalo p\u0159i lo\u0148sk\u00e9m p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9m odchodu vyva\u0159it a\u017e 18\u00a0279 korun plus dal\u0161\u00edch p\u011bt procent leto\u0161n\u00ed lednov\u00e9 valorizace. I ten, kdo v\u00a0t\u00e9to loterii, kde vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd, se probudil a\u017e na konci roku, vyhr\u00e1l 11 stovek. No, nekupte to\u2026 A je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed to je, kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017eete i v\u00a0d\u016fchodu d\u00e1l pracovat. Jen kdo se neprobudil, bude br\u00e1t zbytek \u017eivota m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e by mohl dostat, kdyby nev\u00e1hal vz\u00edt d\u016fchodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na h\u016fl. Tomu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 perverzn\u00ed motivace.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00fdm z\u00a0t\u011bch, co to vyu\u017eili, to p\u0159eju, spousta lid\u00ed m\u00e1 mizernou mzdu i po celo\u017eivotn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Ov\u0161em o n\u00edzk\u00e9 d\u016fchody si koledovali i OSV\u010c, kte\u0159\u00ed platili jen minimum, by\u0165 by mohli platit v\u00edc. Jak v\u0161ak zn\u00e1mo, platba dan\u00ed a pojistn\u00e9ho je u n\u00e1s v\u00a0t\u00e9to kategorii sp\u00ed\u0161e dobrovoln\u00e1 a o smutn\u00fdch konc\u00edch takov\u00fdch minim\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f m\u00e1lokdo uva\u017euje. Tak\u017ee bych v\u00a0tom mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u011bl hledat skryt\u00fd \u00famysl zachr\u00e1nit d\u016fsledky t\u00e9to \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9 politiky a udr\u017eet si ur\u010ditou kategorii elektor\u00e1tu na \u00fa\u010det da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f. Proto\u017ee schodky d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu se plat\u00ed z\u00a0dan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ti, co to spustili, proto nemusili b\u00fdt naprost\u00ed idioti. Skryt\u00e1 agenda je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0pohledu syst\u00e9mu to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee spousta osob m\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1t d\u016fchod mnohem d\u00e9le, ne\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal z\u00e1kon, a ta l\u00e9ta mezi p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm a \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm term\u00ednem, kdy bude vyplaceno t\u0159eba a\u017e 60 d\u00e1vek m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho d\u016fchodu, tu celo\u017eivotn\u00ed bilanci p\u011bkn\u011b prodra\u017e\u00ed. I u t\u011bch ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch d\u016fchod\u016f se jedn\u00e1 se a\u017e o milion korun plus valorizace za p\u011bt let na jednoho p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho d\u016fchodce. U t\u011bch vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch d\u016fchod\u016f jsou \u010d\u00e1stky a\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9. O p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fd d\u016fchod loni po\u017e\u00e1dalo 81 tis\u00edc poji\u0161t\u011bnc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jestli tedy syst\u00e9m pot\u0159ebuje n\u011bjak\u00fd reformn\u00ed z\u00e1sah, tak ten mus\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt u ministra, kter\u00fd to p\u0159ipustil.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/em>
\n\u017durnalista, v minulosti dlouholet\u00fd \u0161\u00e9fredaktor \u010dasopisu Ekonom.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Pokud chceme d\u00e1t d\u016fchodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m do po\u0159\u00e1dku, zbavme se nap\u0159ed t\u011bch, kdo ho ni\u010d\u00ed. Souboj…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14037,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,998,59,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26469"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26469\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}