{"id":26190,"date":"2023-04-15T01:01:22","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T23:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=26190"},"modified":"2023-04-14T16:33:32","modified_gmt":"2023-04-14T14:33:32","slug":"zapadni-sankce-proti-rusku-evropska-spolecnost-je-stale-zranitelnejsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/04\/15\/zapadni-sankce-proti-rusku-evropska-spolecnost-je-stale-zranitelnejsi\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce proti Rusku: Evropsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost je st\u00e1le zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bal\u00ed\u010dky sankc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 EU p\u0159ijala proti Rusku, ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed na autorit\u011b, proto\u017ee s\u00edl\u00ed hlasy, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee byly uvaleny bez jasn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce, podle diskrimina\u010dn\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, ve sp\u011bchu a pod velk\u00fdm politick\u00fdm tlakem.\u00a0O finan\u010dn\u00ed neefektivnosti opat\u0159en\u00ed nemluv\u011b…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na konci b\u0159ezna prob\u011bhla v Bruselu prvn\u00ed evropsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed debata na t\u00e9ma \u201esankce EU zach\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko\u201c.\u00a0Kritick\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed\u201c, debata organizovan\u00e1 NAIMA Strategic Legal Services (firma specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed poradenstv\u00ed, p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed z Berl\u00edna v r\u016fzn\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch a severoamerick\u00fdch zem\u00edch) za \u00fa\u010dasti pr\u00e1vn\u00edch expert\u016f, m\u00e9di\u00ed a z\u00e1stupc\u016f obchodu.<\/p>\n

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Evropsk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m posti\u017een\u00fd sankcemi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158editel NAIMA Uwe Wolff hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee tato pr\u00e1vn\u00ed debata nen\u00ed o napad\u00e1n\u00ed sankc\u00ed jako opat\u0159en\u00ed jako takov\u00e9ho, ale o zlep\u0161en\u00ed sank\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu tak, aby byl odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di v\u00fdzv\u00e1m jednotlivc\u016f nebo spole\u010dnost\u00ed: Sank\u010dn\u00ed re\u017eim mus\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eet pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t, ze kter\u00e9ho vze\u0161el.\u00a0Wolff v t\u00e9to souvislosti uvedl, \u017ee sankce EU v\u016f\u010di Rusku v souvislosti s v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b mohou ovlivnit nejen pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, na kter\u00e9m je N\u011bmecko zalo\u017eeno, ale dokonce i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvky evropsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

\u201eJde o to, abychom nezpochyb\u0148ovali z\u00e1klad sankc\u00ed uvalen\u00fdch na Rusko, kter\u00e9 pova\u017eujeme za nezbytn\u00e9 v reakci na ruskou agresi proti Ukrajin\u011b, ale nep\u0159esnosti a nesrovnalosti v uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sankc\u00ed by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eeny, proto\u017ee o nich bylo rozhodnuto ve sp\u011bchu. a pod obrovsk\u00fdm politick\u00fdm tlakem,\u201c \u0159ekl \u0159editel NAIMA na za\u010d\u00e1tku debaty v Bruselu.<\/p>\n

Krit\u00e9rium n\u00e1rodnosti, hrub\u00e1 diskriminace<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k vysoce citliv\u00e9mu kontextu m\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kokt\u00e1n\u00ed kolem t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00e9st k nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s krit\u00e9rii pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi pro seznam rusk\u00fdch jednotlivc\u016f a spole\u010dnost\u00ed.\u00a0\u201eJednou z nedotknuteln\u00fdch z\u00e1sad na\u0161ich z\u00e1kon\u016f je, \u017ee sankce uvalen\u00e1 na n\u011bkoho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1 a prok\u00e1z\u00e1na.\u00a0Pokud je krit\u00e9riem pro sankce samotn\u00e1 n\u00e1rodnost, poru\u0161uje to tento princip a evropskou spole\u010dnost to jen \u010din\u00ed zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c uvedla debata.<\/p>\n

A mnoho sankc\u00ed je zalo\u017eeno pouze na n\u00e1rodnosti.\u00a0Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 5b na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed 833\/2014 je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no p\u0159ij\u00edmat vklady od rusk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f nebo fyzick\u00fdch osob s bydli\u0161t\u011bm v Rusku.\u00a0Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium ne\u017e rusk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed\/pobyt.\u00a0Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro \u010dl\u00e1nek 5g na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed 833\/2014, ale nejenom.\u00a0Tento typ diskriminace je rovn\u011b\u017e v rozporu s principem rovnosti p\u0159ed z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd je zakotven jak v \u010dl. 20 Listiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v, tak v dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech Evropsk\u00e9 unie.\u00a0EU zejm\u00e9na po\u0161lap\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadu nediskriminace zakotvenou v \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch 14 a 21 Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kaz poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eeb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t zalo\u017een na krit\u00e9riu st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti, dok\u00e1\u017eete si p\u0159edstavit z\u00e1plavu nep\u0159esnost\u00ed a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 z toho plyne.\u00a0Zde je jen jeden p\u0159\u00edklad, kdy si Evropsk\u00e1 unie vede \u0161patn\u011b: z\u00e1kaz pr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eeb.\u00a0V r\u00e1mci 8. bal\u00ed\u010dku sankc\u00ed bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eeb p\u0159\u00edmo nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b, pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osob\u011b, subjektu nebo org\u00e1nu se s\u00eddlem v Rusku (nikoli jednotlivc\u016fm).\u00a0Existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky, ale op\u011bt se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me v\u00e1gn\u00ed terminologi\u00ed: v\u00fdkon pr\u00e1va na obhajobu, p\u0159\u00edstup k ur\u010dit\u00fdm soudn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, rusk\u00e9 subjekty, ale ve skute\u010dnosti kontrolovan\u00e9 subjekty ze zem\u00ed EU),\u00a0\u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ud\u011bluj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed povolen\u00ed, pokud to pova\u017euj\u00ed za vhodn\u00e9 a pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u011bci (humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc, fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, diplomatick\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed, kritick\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky energie v \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech atd.).\u00a0Z\u00e1v\u011bry?\u00a0\u010clov\u011bk nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vn\u00edm expertem, aby pochopil, \u017ee z\u00e1kaz pr\u00e1vn\u00edho poradenstv\u00ed je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edho pr\u00e1va na obhajobu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bal\u00ed\u010dky sankc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 EU p\u0159ijala proti Rusku, ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed na autorit\u011b, proto\u017ee s\u00edl\u00ed hlasy, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26191,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,22,125],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26190"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26190"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26192,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26190\/revisions\/26192"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}