{"id":25718,"date":"2023-04-07T01:00:30","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T23:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=25718"},"modified":"2023-04-06T10:43:38","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T08:43:38","slug":"potravinova-krize-bude-nejvetsi-krizi-21-stoleti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/04\/07\/potravinova-krize-bude-nejvetsi-krizi-21-stoleti\/","title":{"rendered":"Potravinov\u00e1 krize bude nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kriz\u00ed 21. stolet\u00ed!"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Potravinov\u00e1 krize bude nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kriz\u00ed 21. stolet\u00ed.\u00a0Zvedne ceny potravin a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed hlad a chudobu.\u00a0R\u016fst cen potravin povede k inflaci a vyvol\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed krize ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0To se nedotkne pouze rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch zem\u00ed.\u00a0Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho potravinov\u00e9ho programu OSN (WFP) bude muset letos v\u00edce ne\u017e 73 milion\u016f lid\u00ed v 78 zem\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou z\u00e1visl\u00ed na potravinov\u00e9 pomoci, po\u010d\u00edtat se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edd\u011bly.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vysok\u00e9 ceny vyvolaly protesty za potraviny po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b Mexika, Indie, Senegalu, Lond\u00fdna, Mauret\u00e1nie a dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Afriky.\u00a0Na protest proti potravinov\u00e9 krizi letos vypukly potravinov\u00e9 nepokoje v Indii, Mexiku, Haiti, na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch, v Etiopii, Indon\u00e9sii a Jemenu.\u00a0Tato krize pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejv\u00edce zas\u00e1hne africk\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou domovem mnoha nejchud\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed sv\u011bta.\u00a0Nedostatek j\u00eddla jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pot\u0159eba povede k nepokoj\u016fm a sebevra\u017ed\u00e1m a miliony lid\u00ed na n\u011bj mohou zem\u0159\u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny regiony sv\u011bta letos za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed drastickou inflaci zp\u016fsobenou potravinami.\u00a0Maloobchodn\u00ed ceny vzrostly o 18 % v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, o 17 % na Sr\u00ed Lance a o 10 % nebo v\u00edce v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe a Rusku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 3. kv\u011btna 2008 cyklon zdevastoval myanmarskou n\u00edzko polo\u017eenou deltu Irrawaddy a podle OSN zanechal v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 milion lid\u00ed bez domova.\u00a0Jen v okrese Labutta v delt\u011b zem\u0159elo odhadem 80 000 lid\u00ed.\u00a0Podle Organizace pro v\u00fd\u017eivu a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Myanmar letos vyveze 600 000 tun r\u00fd\u017ee, v\u010detn\u011b Sr\u00ed Lanky a Banglad\u00e9\u0161e.\u00a0Cyklon zaplavil 5000 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy.\u00a0Cyklon Nargis zas\u00e1hl hlavn\u00ed oblast zem\u011b, kde se p\u011bstuje r\u00fd\u017ee, a zhor\u0161il potravinovou krizi, kter\u00e1 vyvolala nepokoje od Haiti po Egypt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak k tomu dojde<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed ceny ropy, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, biopaliva a exploze sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami t\u00e9to potravinov\u00e9 krize.\u00a0Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jsou rostouc\u00ed ceny ropy, kter\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 dos\u00e1hly 123 dolar\u016f za barel.\u00a0Cena ropy prodra\u017euje dopravu a t\u00edm i j\u00eddlo.\u00a0Ceny ropy letos zv\u00fd\u0161ily n\u00e1klady na dovoz potravin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po potravin\u00e1ch se do roku 2030 zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed.\u00a0\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b je to zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee sv\u011btov\u00e1 populace vzroste do roku 2050 o t\u0159i miliardy lid\u00ed.\u00a0Popt\u00e1vka po potravin\u00e1ch se tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed d\u00edky nov\u00e9 prosperit\u011b v Indii a \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed ovlivn\u00ed produkci potravin v mnoha zem\u00edch.\u00a0M\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke klimatick\u00e9 nestabilit\u011b, kter\u00e1 negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje sklize\u0148.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ceny potravin jsou ovlivn\u011bny rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou po biopalivech.\u00a0Biopaliva vyroben\u00e1 z potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch plodin, jako je kuku\u0159ice, cukrov\u00e1 t\u0159tina a palmov\u00fd olej, maj\u00ed za c\u00edl sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost sv\u011bta na benz\u00ednu.\u00a0Ale kdy\u017e je ropa drah\u00e1, lze tyto alternativn\u00ed zdroje energie prod\u00e1vat tak\u00e9 za vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu.\u00a0V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce byla \u010dtvrtina americk\u00e9 kuku\u0159ice zpracov\u00e1na na etanol, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako palivo pro vozidla.\u00a0USA dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho exportu kuku\u0159ice.\u00a0Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky se t\u00edm z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pod tlak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1soby potravin jsou na nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni za 35 let.\u00a0Popt\u00e1vka roste mnohem rychleji ne\u017e nab\u00eddka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed masivn\u00ed pomoc od vl\u00e1d a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na z bohat\u00fdch zem\u00ed.\u00a0Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska by m\u011bly existovat pob\u00eddky ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produkce potravin.\u00a0Relativn\u00ed cenov\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy jsou nevyhnutelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed efektivn\u00ed ekonomiky.\u00a0To je znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 tak chud\u00ed, \u017ee se pro n\u011b mal\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen st\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou \u017eivota a smrti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edmi d\u016fvody krize jsou cena ropy a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0R\u016fst cen ropy je zp\u016fsoben p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm geopolitick\u00fdmi riziky, nikoli nab\u00eddkou a popt\u00e1vkou.\u00a0Politick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed produkci ropy v Ir\u00e1ku, Nig\u00e9rii, Venezuele a \u00cdr\u00e1nu.\u00a0Ir\u00e1k se st\u00e1le sna\u017e\u00ed vzpamatovat z desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lky.\u00a0Nigerijsk\u00e1 produkce je ovlivn\u011bna \u00fatoky a sabot\u00e1\u017eemi.\u00a0Venezuelsk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba ropy se od prosince 2002, kdy politick\u00e9 nepokoje zastavily venezuelskou t\u011b\u017ebu, nikdy pln\u011b nezotavila.\u00a0Kl\u00ed\u010dem je p\u0159in\u00e9st m\u00edr do t\u00e9to zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed vytvo\u0159ilo nestabiln\u00ed klima, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee zni\u010dit pole s obil\u00edm.\u00a0V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se hodn\u011b mluv\u00ed o glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Ka\u017ed\u00fd den si st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017euje sv\u011bt.\u00a0V kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu douf\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci mohou zlep\u0161it kultiva\u010dn\u00ed techniky v boji proti glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu hladu.\u00a0V\u011bdci z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, jako je International Rice Research Institute na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch, studuj\u00ed, jak zlep\u0161it plodiny, kter\u00e9 jsou odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm a plevel\u016fm, jsou v\u00fd\u017eivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a poskytuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnosy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Potravinov\u00e1 krize bude nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kriz\u00ed 21. stolet\u00ed.\u00a0Zvedne ceny potravin a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed hlad a chudobu.\u00a0R\u016fst cen…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9228,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1941,371,750],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25718"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25718"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25718\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}