{"id":25428,"date":"2023-04-01T01:16:57","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T23:16:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=25428"},"modified":"2023-03-31T17:32:53","modified_gmt":"2023-03-31T15:32:53","slug":"signal-ze-souhvezdi-strelce-zahadny-jasny-zablesk-ve-vesmiru-se-vymyka-vedeckemu-vysvetleni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/04\/01\/signal-ze-souhvezdi-strelce-zahadny-jasny-zablesk-ve-vesmiru-se-vymyka-vedeckemu-vysvetleni\/","title":{"rendered":"Sign\u00e1l ze souhv\u011bzd\u00ed St\u0159elce: Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd jasn\u00fd z\u00e1blesk ve vesm\u00edru se vymyk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu vysv\u011btlen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00dadaje z \u010detn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto jevu jsou slab\u011b v souladu s t\u00edm, co o n\u011bm v\u011bdci v\u011bd\u00ed.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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U\u017e te\u010f je zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee objekt (tedy zdroj z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed) se nach\u00e1z\u00ed dv\u011b miliardy a 400 milion\u016f sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od n\u00e1s a v takov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti dal vzniknout nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu takov\u00e9mu z\u00e1blesku v cel\u00e9 historii astronomick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Samotn\u00fd fakt, \u017ee v tak nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u016fbec cokoliv opravit, vypad\u00e1 jako n\u011bjak\u00e1 fantazie.\u00a0Jak v\u011bdci p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, objekt byl 70kr\u00e1t jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kter\u00fdkoli sv\u00e9ho druhu, kter\u00fd byl kdy vid\u011bn.\u00a0Takov\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost se podle astrofyzik\u016f stane jednou za tis\u00edce let.\u00a0Podle<\/a>\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 agentury to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad v historii lidsk\u00e9 civilizace.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Objekt dostal n\u00e1zev GRB 221009A a nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed St\u0159elce.\u00a0Mimochodem, n\u011bkde je st\u0159ed na\u0161\u00ed galaxie \u2013 Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha, kter\u00e1 ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 supermasivn\u00ed \u010dernou d\u00edru.\u00a0Ale tento GRB 221009A zjevn\u011b nen\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed: d\u00e9lka galaxie Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha je asi 250 tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Co to je:<\/strong> \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se tomu gama z\u00e1blesk.\u00a0Z\u00e1blesk gama je n\u00e1hl\u00fd, siln\u00fd z\u00e1blesk gama z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru.\u00a0P\u0159i takov\u00e9m v\u00fdbuchu jeho zdroj n\u011bkdy vyd\u00e1 tolik energie, kolik na\u0161e Slunce je\u0161t\u011b nestihlo vygenerovat za cel\u00fd sv\u016fj \u017eivot.\u00a0A ten je mimochodem star\u00fd 4,5 miliardy let.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mimochodem, z hlediska radiace, tedy destruktivn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed na v\u0161e \u017eiv\u00e9, je gama z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed to nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co si dok\u00e1\u017eete p\u0159edstavit.\u00a0Ni\u010d\u00ed samotn\u00e9 atomy v \u017eiv\u00e9m organismu.\u00a0A pokud existuje pocit, \u017ee se n\u00e1s to stejn\u011b net\u00fdk\u00e1, pak o tom existuj\u00ed nejasn\u00e9 pochybnosti: v\u011bdci nap\u0159\u00edklad tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee to byl gama z\u00e1blesk n\u011bkde v na\u0161\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti, kter\u00fd vedl k \u201eordovick\u00e9mu z\u00e1niku\u201c 445 milion\u016f p\u0159ed lety – jedno z p\u011bti nejtragi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch masov\u00fdch vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed v historii pozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Z\u00e1blesky gama ve vesm\u00edru jsou tedy pozorov\u00e1ny hlavn\u011b ze dvou druh\u016f.\u00a0Prvn\u00edm jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 z\u00e1blesky gama: takov\u00fd z\u00e1blesk trv\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011b sekundy a velmi \u010dasto i n\u011bjak\u00e9 nepodstatn\u00e9 zlomky sekundy.\u00a0Podle v\u011bdc\u016f se tak d\u011bje ve chv\u00edli, kdy n\u011bkde v hlubin\u00e1ch vesm\u00edru dojde ke sr\u00e1\u017ece dvou nap\u0159\u00edklad neutronov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd.\u00a0P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee neutronov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda je superhust\u00e1 shluk t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ni\u010deho krom\u011b neutron\u016f, do kter\u00e9ho je stla\u010deno j\u00e1dro \u201emrtv\u00e9\u201c hv\u011bzdy ponechan\u00e9 bez obalu.\u00a0A pokud bylo toto j\u00e1dro „za \u017eivota“ hv\u011bzdy je\u0161t\u011b hmotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pak se prost\u011b zhrout\u00ed nikam – do \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry.\u00a0A tyto \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry tak\u00e9 nemus\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u011b bloudit n\u011bkde ve vesm\u00edru, mohou se srazit se stejn\u00fdmi neutronov\u00fdmi hv\u011bzdami nebo dokonce navz\u00e1jem.\u00a0A z\u00e1rove\u0148 takov\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u00e1“<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A existuje druh\u00fd typ takov\u00e9ho jevu – dlouh\u00fd z\u00e1blesk gama: obvykle nen\u00ed tak smrt\u00edc\u00ed, ale trv\u00e1 a\u017e \u0161est hodin.\u00a0A to je podle v\u0161ech indici\u00ed jeden z projev\u016f v\u00fdbuchu supernovy, tedy oh\u0148ostroje na rozlou\u010denou um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho sv\u00edtidla, kter\u00e9 v tu chv\u00edli odhod\u00ed cel\u00fd sv\u016fj obal.\u00a0Ve st\u0159edu respektive z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 osam\u011bl\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 se zhrout\u00ed bu\u010f do neutronov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy, nebo do \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry.\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdbuch supernovy je o n\u011bco hlad\u0161\u00ed a del\u0161\u00ed proces.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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