{"id":25404,"date":"2023-04-01T01:03:34","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T23:03:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=25404"},"modified":"2023-03-31T15:20:45","modified_gmt":"2023-03-31T13:20:45","slug":"velka-media-a-systematicky-utlak-palestincu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/04\/01\/velka-media-a-systematicky-utlak-palestincu\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia a systematick\u00fd \u00fatlak Palestinc\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vylou\u010den\u00edm palestinsk\u00fdch hlas\u016f a vyhozen\u00edm novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed vystoupit proti izraelsk\u00e9mu apartheidu, se mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia pod\u00edlej\u00ed na izraelsk\u00e9m \u201esyst\u00e9mu ml\u010den\u00ed\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e jsou Palestinci \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed pod izraelskou vojenskou okupac\u00ed na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu souzeni u izraelsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch soud\u016f, maj\u00ed omezen\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, procesy jsou vedeny v hebrej\u0161tin\u011b (jazyk, kter\u00e9mu v\u011bt\u0161ina ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch nerozum\u00ed) a sta\u010d\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka. poslat obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho do v\u011bzen\u00ed.\u00a0M\u00edra odsouzen\u00ed je p\u0159es 99 %.\u00a0Kdy\u017e jsou Palestinci konfrontov\u00e1ni s hlavn\u00edmi m\u00e9dii, jejich \u017eivoty jsou \u010dasto vyl\u00ed\u010deny lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou Palestinci.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad studie Maha Nassar z roku 2020 zjistila, \u017ee 99 % n\u00e1zorov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f o Palestinc\u00edch publikovan\u00fdch The Washington Post za obdob\u00ed p\u011bti desetilet\u00ed (1970\u20132019) bylo naps\u00e1no nepalestinci.<\/span><\/p>\n

New York Times si ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed nevedly o moc l\u00e9pe.\u00a0M\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 2 % p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 publikuje o Palestinc\u00edch, jsme napsali my.<\/span><\/p>\n

Palestinci jsou neust\u00e1le \u201esouzeni\u201c, vinni, dokud se neprok\u00e1\u017ee jejich nevina \u2013 u skute\u010dn\u00fdch soud\u016f i u soudu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 bez spravedliv\u00e9ho a spravedliv\u00e9ho zastoupen\u00ed.\u00a0I kdy\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee represivn\u00ed izraelsk\u00e1 politika a medi\u00e1ln\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed palestinsk\u00fdch hlas\u016f spolu p\u0159\u00edmo nesouvis\u00ed, na\u0161e nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tabulka ve Visualizing Palestine ukazuje, \u017ee tyto represivn\u00ed taktiky jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9ho \u201esyst\u00e9mu ml\u010den\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed proti Palestinc\u016fm a zast\u00e1nc\u016fm osvobozen\u00ed Palestiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nVisualizing Palestine publikoval v \u00fanoru 2022 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m System of Silencing, kter\u00fd identifikuje m\u00e9dia jako jednu z nes\u010detn\u00fdch supresivn\u00edch taktik pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k uml\u010den\u00ed kritick\u00fdch projev\u016f o izraelsk\u00e9m re\u017eimu a sionismu.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Kdy\u017e \u010dtu \u010dl\u00e1nky o Palestin\u011b, \u010dasto m\u011b udivuje m\u00edra zaujatosti a nep\u0159esnosti p\u0159i hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 neodr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed moji realitu jako Palestince a m\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti ze \u017eivota pod izraelskou vojenskou okupac\u00ed v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b.\u00a0Palestinci jsou mainstreamov\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zkreslov\u00e1ni a v hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zneviditeln\u011bni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) z roku 2021 Holly M. Jackson zkoum\u00e1 protipalestinsk\u00e9 p\u0159edsudky v New York Times b\u011bhem dvou palestinsk\u00fdch intif\u00e1d (neboli povst\u00e1n\u00ed) v letech 1987 a 2000. Jackson uzav\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 33 000 \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 analyzovala za tato dv\u011b obdob\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 % uvedlo Palestinu nebo Palestince, zat\u00edmco v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % uvedlo Izrael nebo Izraelce.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho byli Palestinci \u010dast\u011bji popisov\u00e1ni jako n\u00e1siln\u00edci ne\u017e Izraelci a Palestinci byli dvakr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bji zm\u00edn\u011bni pasivn\u00edm hlasem ne\u017e Izraelci.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco pozitivn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed Palestinc\u016f b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 intif\u00e1dy m\u00edrn\u011b vzrostlo, protipalestinsk\u00e1 zaujatost z\u016fstala mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma obdob\u00edmi konstantn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry americk\u00e1 mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia nereflektuj\u00ed realitu a zku\u0161enosti Palestinc\u016f na m\u00edst\u011b, co\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a politiku USA v\u016f\u010di Palestin\u011b a Izraeli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Titulky, kter\u00e9 zkresluj\u00ed realitu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1le si velmi jasn\u011b pamatuji den, kdy byla v kv\u011btnu 2022 izraelskou arm\u00e1dou zavra\u017ed\u011bna na\u0161e milovan\u00e1 zku\u0161en\u00e1 novin\u00e1\u0159ka Shireen Abu Akleh.\u00a0Byla to doba kolektivn\u00edho z\u00e1rmutku pro Palestince a ztr\u00e1ta Shireen nad\u00e1le bol\u00ed ty z n\u00e1s, kte\u0159\u00ed jsme ji znali a milovali a chceme spravedlnost.\u00a0V dob\u011b nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t pro na\u0161i komunitu a navzdory \u010detn\u00fdm o\u010dit\u00fdm sv\u011bdk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edkali, \u017ee izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zavra\u017edila Shireen, zat\u00edmco pokr\u00fdvala vojenskou invazi do Jeninu, hr\u00e1la mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vzoru vylou\u010den\u00ed a vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy.\u00a0Nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161eho byla stanice Fox News s titulkem \u201eReport\u00e9r Al-D\u017eaz\u00edry um\u00edr\u00e1 po kontroverzn\u00edm incidentu na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu\u201c.\u00a0BBC News p\u0159inesl titulek: \u201eReport\u00e9r Al-D\u017eaz\u00edry zabit p\u0159i izraelsk\u00e9m n\u00e1letu na Z\u00e1padn\u00ed b\u0159eh\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e identita vraha byla utajena.\u00a0The New York Times p\u0159inesl titulek \u201eShireen Abu Akleh, pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 palestinsk\u00e1 novin\u00e1\u0159ka, um\u00edr\u00e1 ve v\u011bku 51 let\u201c (a ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 verze \u010dl\u00e1nku se objevila pod titulkem \u201e\u201aBl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00ed pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u2018 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 lidskou str\u00e1nku\u201c, ani\u017e by se dokonce zm\u00ednil o smrti Shireen). .<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sn\u00edmek obrazovky z p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku na Instagramu \u017didovsk\u00fd hlas pro m\u00edr z 11. kv\u011btna 2022<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

V d\u016fsledku rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho pobou\u0159en\u00ed proti New York Times byl titulek pozd\u011bji zm\u011bn\u011bn na \u201ePion\u00fdrsk\u00fd palestinsk\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 zabit na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu\u201c.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco zm\u011bna titulku ukazuje, jak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1\u0161 hlas proti spolu\u00fa\u010dasti mainstreamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed na zatajov\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy, zm\u011bna titulku nad\u00e1le zahaluje identitu Shireenina vraha a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu jej\u00ed smrti v cel\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku dod\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1hu popisu izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. st\u0159elba, co\u017e je v rozporu s v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010fmi o\u010dit\u00fdch sv\u011bdk\u016f koleg\u016f novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli na m\u00edst\u011b se Shireen.\u00a0Trvalo m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed New York Times, ne\u017e dosp\u011blo ke stejn\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru, kter\u00fd o\u010dit\u00ed sv\u011bdci okam\u017eit\u011b uvedli: \u017ee v\u00fdst\u0159ely, kter\u00e9 zabily Shireen\u00a0vy\u0161el z pozice izraelsk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho vozidla.\u00a0Nen\u00ed to zdaleka poprv\u00e9, co izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da pop\u00edr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vy novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f o m\u00edst\u011b \u010dinu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdyby se situace obr\u00e1tila a o\u010dit\u00fdmi sv\u011bdky by byli izrael\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e palestin\u0161t\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i, New York Times by nenechal \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e h\u00e1dat identitu a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu smrti.\u00a0Dva ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady jsou: \u201eRaketov\u00fd \u00fatok Hamasu zabil 2 thajsk\u00e9 d\u011bln\u00edky v Izraeli\u201c a \u201ePalestinsk\u00fd st\u0159elec zabil 5 p\u0159i p\u00e1t\u00e9m \u00fatoku Izraele v posledn\u00edch dnech\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cenzura soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Palestinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se c\u00edt\u00ed ve zpravodajsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch nezastoupeni, se rozhodli sd\u00edlet sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti p\u0159\u00edmo se sv\u011btem na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.\u00a0P\u0159esto spole\u010dnosti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed cenzuruj\u00ed Palestince, z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti kv\u016fli tlaku izraelsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, aby zatkla Palestince za jejich online p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky.\u00a0Nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va zadan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Meta potvrdila, \u017ee opat\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dnosti zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na moderov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu \u201emaj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd dopad na lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va… na pr\u00e1va palestinsk\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f na svobodu projevu, shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, politickou \u00fa\u010dast a nediskriminaci, a tedy na schopnost Palestinc\u016f. z\u00edsk\u00e1vat informace a zpravodajsk\u00e9 informace.“ pod\u011blit se o sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti“.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2022 7amleh, arabsk\u00e9 centrum pro podporu soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, zdokumentovalo 1 119 poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v Palestinc\u016f sp\u00e1chan\u00fdch spole\u010dnostmi soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi stranami.\u00a07amleh dok\u00e1zal obnovit 30 % smazan\u00e9ho obsahu z r\u016fzn\u00fdch platforem.\u00a0V\u00edme, \u017ee probl\u00e9m cenzury je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, ale Palestinci se br\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee jsme odhodl\u00e1ni vypr\u00e1v\u011bt sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy.\u00a0B\u011bhem intif\u00e1dy jednoty v kv\u011btnu 2021 byly na\u0161e hlasy na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch tak hlasit\u00e9, \u017ee Vox News uvedly: \u201eRok 2021 je rokem, kdy Palestinci dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee mohou soupe\u0159it s izraelskou vl\u00e1dou v bitv\u011b narativ\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co bude d\u00e1l?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

na slovech z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed.\u00a0Slova maj\u00ed moc ovlivnit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Slova maj\u00ed moc zpochybnit politiky a tv\u016frce politik, zejm\u00e9na v mocn\u00fdch zem\u00edch, jako jsou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 Izrael bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b, vojensky a finan\u010dn\u011b podporuj\u00ed.\u00a0Slova maj\u00ed moc pohnout lidi k \u010din\u016fm, po\u017eadovat spravedlnost a ovlivnit politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.\u00a0Slova jsou n\u00e1strojem pro komunity, kter\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 diskriminaci, ke komunikaci o sv\u00e9 realit\u011b a zku\u0161enostech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vylou\u010den\u00ed palestinsk\u00fdch hlas\u016f z mainstreamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed \u010din\u00ed m\u00e9dia spoluvinn\u00fdmi v izraelsk\u00e9m \u201esyst\u00e9mu ml\u010den\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy o zabit\u00ed palestinsk\u00e9ho novin\u00e1\u0159e \u010din\u00ed mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia spoluvin\u00edky v izraelsk\u00e9m \u201esyst\u00e9mu ml\u010den\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed \u0159\u00edct pravdu o izraelsk\u00e9m apartheidu, \u010din\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u00e9dia spoluvin\u00edky izraelsk\u00e9ho \u201esyst\u00e9mu ml\u010den\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 o\u010dividn\u00e9 zaujatosti mainstreamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed a zkreslov\u00e1n\u00ed si Palestinci na jin\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch vydobyli narativ o n\u00e1s. Pokra\u010dujeme ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed na\u0161ich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f a realit a poskytujeme jemn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy izraelsk\u00fdch politik a praktik, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed syst\u00e9m apartheidu, kter\u00fd br\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed snaze o svobodu, spravedlnost a rovnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nenech\u00e1me se uml\u010det, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy Palestinc\u016f, po organizace ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, a Palestince, kte\u0159\u00ed si n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed prostor na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aline Batarseh<\/strong> je v\u00fdkonnou \u0159editelkou spole\u010dnosti Visualizing Palestine.\u00a0Je komunitn\u00ed organiz\u00e1torkou, aktivistkou a rozvojovou pracovnic\u00ed.\u00a0M\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s prac\u00ed s palestinsk\u00fdmi a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi neziskov\u00fdmi organizacemi, jejich\u017e posl\u00e1n\u00edm je prosazovat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost a rovnost pro jednotlivce a komunity posti\u017een\u00e9 syst\u00e9movou diskriminac\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Vylou\u010den\u00edm palestinsk\u00fdch hlas\u016f a vyhozen\u00edm novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed vystoupit proti izraelsk\u00e9mu apartheidu, se mainstreamov\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25405,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[107,158,312],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25404"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25404"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25406,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25404\/revisions\/25406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}