{"id":25186,"date":"2023-03-27T01:03:23","date_gmt":"2023-03-26T23:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=25186"},"modified":"2023-03-26T18:08:53","modified_gmt":"2023-03-26T16:08:53","slug":"zbynek-fiala-nebudte-stado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/03\/27\/zbynek-fiala-nebudte-stado\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Nebu\u010fte st\u00e1do"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Do z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed pronikaj\u00ed st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji \u00favahy o izolaci Z\u00e1padu v konfrontaci s Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou a o bumerangov\u00e9m efektu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dolaru jako zbran\u011b. Titul jednoho takov\u00e9ho britsk\u00e9ho analyticky orientovan\u00e9ho webu vyzn\u00edv\u00e1 ve smyslu \u201enev\u00eddan\u00e9, nesl\u00fdchan\u00e9\u201c, ale ono UnHeard lze p\u0159elo\u017eit i jako varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed chov\u00e1n\u00edm st\u00e1da.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak Rusko a \u010c\u00edna obe\u0161ly Z\u00e1pad<\/strong>\u00a0rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na\u00a0britsk\u00e9m n\u00e1zorov\u00e9m webu UnHeard. Mimochodem, tento web velice zaj\u00edmav\u011b definuje sv\u00e9 posl\u00e1n\u00ed. Cestu vp\u0159ed chce hledat orientac\u00ed na komunitu, nikoliv pouze na individualismus. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje roli odpov\u011bdnosti i pr\u00e1va, a taky smyslu a ctnosti nam\u00edsto povrchn\u00edho materialismu. Tou komunitou pak m\u00edn\u00ed tak\u00e9 debatn\u00ed kluby, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed budovat nad sv\u00fdm obsahem.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Si \u0164in-pchinga v\u00a0Moskv\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zem\u011b NATO v \u010dele s USA se v uplynul\u00e9m roce sna\u017eily p\u0159im\u011bt zbytek sv\u011bta, aby poskytl Ukrajin\u011b vojenskou pomoc a sou\u010dasn\u011b uvalil na Rusko sankce v nad\u011bji, \u017ee je tak budou izolovat. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se to v\u011bt\u0161inou nepoda\u0159ilo. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 sice mohou pouk\u00e1zat na to, \u017ee ned\u00e1vnou rezoluci OSN po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed sta\u017een\u00ed Ruska z Ukrajiny podpo\u0159ilo 141 ze 193 zem\u00ed, ale mezi 32 zem\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 se zdr\u017eely hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, byly \u010c\u00edna, Indie, P\u00e1kist\u00e1n a Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika \u2013 kter\u00e9 samy o sob\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace.<\/em><\/p>\n

Navzdory snah\u00e1m Z\u00e1padu konflikt \u201eglobalizovat“, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 sankce na Rusko uvalilo a vojenskou pomoc Ukrajin\u011b poslalo pouze 33 zem\u00ed \u2013 co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es osminu sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace. Byly to Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, USA, Kanada, Austr\u00e1lie, Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea, Japonsko a EU \u2013 jin\u00fdmi slovy ty zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edmo pod sf\u00e9rou vlivu USA, co\u017e v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech zahrnuje v\u00fdznamnou vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost USA. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace, odm\u00edtly n\u00e1sledovat jejich p\u0159\u00edkladu. V\u00e1lka ve skute\u010dnosti pos\u00edlila vztahy Ruska s \u0159adou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch nez\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b \u010c\u00edny a Indie a urychlila vznik nov\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, v n\u011bm\u017e je to Z\u00e1pad, kdo vypad\u00e1 st\u00e1le izolovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nikoli Rusko.<\/em><\/p>\n

Od invaze \u010c\u00edna obrovsky zv\u00fd\u0161ila n\u00e1kupy rusk\u00e9 ropy, plynu a uhl\u00ed, zat\u00edmco opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed mnohem v\u00edce stroj\u016f, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 elektroniky; vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd obchod se zv\u00fd\u0161il o v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 %. Ob\u011b zem\u011b se tak\u00e9 zav\u00e1zaly k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm investic\u00edm a infrastrukturn\u00edm projekt\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0160anghajsk\u00e9 organizace pro spolupr\u00e1ci, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho region\u00e1ln\u00edho uskupen\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b z hlediska geografick\u00e9ho rozsahu a po\u010dtu obyvatel, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje tak\u00e9 Indii, P\u00e1kist\u00e1n, \u00cdr\u00e1n a v\u0161echny hlavn\u00ed st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. V d\u016fsledku z\u00e1padn\u00edch sankc\u00ed byly nav\u00edc nuceny spol\u00e9hat se na platby v\u00a0rublech a j\u00fcanech nam\u00edsto dolaru, co\u017e pos\u00edlilo status j\u00fcanu jako rezervn\u00ed m\u011bny.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd prezident Si \u0164in-pching ned\u00e1vno nezvykle ost\u0159e pok\u00e1ral politiku USA, v n\u00ed\u017e obvinil Washington z \u00fa\u010dasti na kampani za potla\u010den\u00ed \u010c\u00edny: \u201eZ\u00e1padn\u00ed zem\u011b v \u010dele s USA proti n\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u0161estrann\u00e9 zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, obkli\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed bezprecedentn\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my pro rozvoj na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b,“ citovala jeho slova st\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u00e9dia. Vid\u00edme tak v\u00fdrazn\u00fd odklon od tradi\u010dn\u011b rozv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu \u010c\u00edny. N\u00e1sledoval po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed neobvykle kritick\u00e9ho dokumentu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed s n\u00e1zvem Hegemonie USA a jej\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee Amerika jedn\u00e1 \u201es c\u00edlem zasahovat do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed, usiluje o hegemonii, udr\u017euje ji a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, podporuje podvratnou \u010dinnost a infiltraci a sv\u00e9voln\u011b vede v\u00e1lky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e po\u0161kozuje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9mem pro USA a Z\u00e1pad je, \u017ee toto poselstv\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rezonovat po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad den\u00edk The Washington Post minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc p\u0159ipomn\u011bl v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00edm s\u00e9rie rozhovor\u016f s lidmi v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice, Indii a Keni a dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee maj\u00ed \u201ehluboce ambivalentn\u00ed pohled na konflikt, kter\u00fd se nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 ani tak ot\u00e1zkou, zda Rusko ud\u011blalo chybu, kdy\u017e provedlo invazi, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e sou\u010dasnou a historickou z\u00e1\u0161t\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Z\u00e1padu.“<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/unherd.com\/2023\/03\/how-russia-and-china-overtook-the-west\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd politolog Fareed Zakaria si v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 uveden\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu ohro\u017een\u00e9 hegemonie z\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, kdy\u017e v\u00a0n\u00e1zorov\u00e9 rubrice Washington Post napsal p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek\u00a0Dolar je na\u0161e supervelmoc a Rusko a \u010c\u00edna jej ohro\u017euj\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledek t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00edho summitu mezi Vladimirem Putinem a Si \u0164in-Pchingem p\u0159it\u00e1hl omezenou pozornost m\u00e9di\u00ed. \u201eJsme pro pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho j\u00fcanu pro dohody mezi Ruskem a zem\u011bmi Asie, Afriky a Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky.“ Jak druh\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomika sv\u011bta, tak nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvozce energie se tedy aktivn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed oslabit dominanci dolaru jako kotvy mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Usp\u011bj\u00ed?<\/em><\/p>\n

Dolar je americk\u00e1 supervelmoc. D\u00e1v\u00e1 Washingtonu bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 svaly. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mohou jednostrann\u011b uvalit sankce na ciz\u00ed zem\u011b a br\u00e1nit jim ve spolupr\u00e1ci s velkou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky. A kdy\u017e zase Washington bezstarostn\u011b utr\u00e1c\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee si b\u00fdt jist, \u017ee zbytek sv\u011bta si jeho dluh koup\u00ed, obvykle ve form\u011b pokladni\u010dn\u00edch pouk\u00e1zek.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b to, \u017ee Washington cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dolar jako zbra\u0148, p\u0159im\u011bla mnoho v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zem\u00ed ke hled\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zajistit, aby se nestaly p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm Ruskem. Pod\u00edl dolaru na sv\u011btov\u00fdch rezerv\u00e1ch centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank klesl ze zhruba 70 procent p\u0159ed 20 lety na necel\u00fdch 60 procent dnes a neust\u00e1le kles\u00e1. Evropan\u00e9 a \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed vybudovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my mimo syst\u00e9m SWIFT ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd dolarem. Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie koketuje s my\u0161lenkou stanovit ceny sv\u00e9 ropy v j\u00fcanech. Indie vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00fdch n\u00e1kup\u016f ropy z Ruska v nedolarov\u00fdch m\u011bn\u00e1ch. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny, kter\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1rod\u016f, mohou b\u00fdt dal\u0161\u00ed alternativou, ostatn\u011b \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka ji u\u017e vytvo\u0159ila. V\u0161echny tyto alternativy zvy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1klady, ale posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolik let n\u00e1s m\u011blo nau\u010dit, \u017ee n\u00e1rody jsou p\u0159ipraveny zaplatit za sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 c\u00edle.<\/em><\/p>\n

Roste z\u00e1jem o n\u00e1hradn\u00ed m\u011bnu za dolar, ale takovou tu nenajdeme.\u00a0 Jako pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 se jev\u00ed tis\u00edcer\u00e9 drobn\u00e9 omezov\u00e1n\u00ed role dolaru,a to by mohlo tuto m\u011bnu oslabit.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ameri\u010dt\u00ed politici si zvykli utr\u00e1cet, jako by na schodku v\u016fbec nez\u00e1le\u017eelo. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd dluh vzrostl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011btin\u00e1sobn\u011b z 6,5 bilionu dolar\u016f p\u0159ed 20 lety na dne\u0161n\u00edch 31,5 bilionu dolar\u016f. Fed \u0159e\u0161il s\u00e9rii finan\u010dn\u00edch krach\u016f masivn\u00edm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm sv\u00e9 rozvahy, a\u017e dos\u00e1hla dvan\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobku ze 730 miliard dolar\u016f p\u0159ed 20 lety na dne\u0161n\u00edch 8,7 bilionu dolar\u016f. A to v\u0161echno d\u00edky jedine\u010dn\u00e9mu postaven\u00ed dolaru. Pokud bude sl\u00e1bnout, Amerika bude \u010delit z\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed jako nikdo p\u0159edt\u00edm.<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2023\/03\/24\/us-dollar-strength-russia-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Oba p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jsou kr\u00e1cen\u00e9, odkazy nab\u00eddnou origin\u00e1ln\u00ed zn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 voln\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s\u00a0dolarem se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 znovu stup\u0148ovat. N\u00e1klady bankovn\u00ed krize, kter\u00e1 neskon\u010dila, jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e st\u00e1la z\u00e1chrana bank na za\u010d\u00e1tku finan\u010dn\u00ed krize 2008. Vedle toho prezident Joe Biden zah\u00e1jil intenz\u00edvn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou politiku na podporu digitalizace a dekarbonizace, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 podle kongresov\u00fdch anal\u00fdz st\u00e1t v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed nikoliv n\u011bkolik n\u00edzk\u00fdch stovek miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00e9 u\u017e byly schv\u00e1leny, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u016fldruh\u00e9ho bilionu dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se vyno\u0159il nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m \u2013 v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b je del\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u00e9 zbran\u011b pro pomoc jsou vy\u010derp\u00e1ny, stejn\u011b jako munice. Mohl by to \u0159e\u0161it nesm\u00edrn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00fd p\u0159echod pr\u016fmyslu na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd re\u017eim, ale prezident Biden m\u00e1 sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 ruce extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzkou popularitou. V nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm volebn\u00edm cyklu bude pod tlakem Donalda Trumpa, kter\u00fd chce tuto v\u00e1lku okam\u017eit\u011b ukon\u010dit.<\/p>\n

Sv\u011bt je na prahu z\u00e1sadn\u00edch zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 neovlivn\u00edme. Jinou v\u011bc\u00ed je, \u017ee n\u00e1s mohou zasko\u010dit. Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom m\u011bli taky \u2013 jako UnHeard \u2013 ustavovat debatn\u00ed kluby, kter\u00e9 by prob\u00edraly to, o \u010dem se zat\u00edm nemluv\u00ed. Kluby, kter\u00e9 by ob\u010dana vytrhly ze sev\u0159en\u00ed st\u00e1da, st\u00e1da s\u00a0klapkami na o\u010d\u00edch \u201eboje proti dezinformac\u00edm\u201c, kter\u00fd je neodli\u0161iteln\u00fd od boje proti informac\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u017durnalista, v minulosti dlouholet\u00fd \u0161\u00e9fredaktor \u010dasopisu Ekonom<\/em><\/div>\n
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Do z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed pronikaj\u00ed st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji \u00favahy o izolaci Z\u00e1padu v konfrontaci s Ruskem a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4991,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[30,59,29,22,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25186"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25186\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}