{"id":24879,"date":"2023-03-22T00:58:15","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T23:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=24879"},"modified":"2023-03-21T14:22:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T13:22:50","slug":"jan-campbell-nove-svetlo-nauryz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/03\/22\/jan-campbell-nove-svetlo-nauryz\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Campbell: Nov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo \u2013 Nauryz"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

\u00davod<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nauryz pro \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a turkick\u00e9 n\u00e1rody je sv\u00e1tkem jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti. Jedn\u00e1 se o jeden z\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, kter\u00fd se datuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 5 tis\u00edci lety. Symbolizuje p\u0159\u00edchod jara podle astronomick\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e, konec jednoho ro\u010dn\u00edho cyklu a zrozen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota a nov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V Kazachst\u00e1nu sv\u00e1tek se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Velk\u00fd den n\u00e1roda (\u04b0\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0438\u04a3 \u04b1\u043b\u044b \u043a\u04af\u043d\u0456). V roce 1991 z\u00edskal ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed dekretem b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta Kazachst\u00e1nu: 22. b\u0159ezen, den jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti. V roce 2001, se stal st\u00e1tn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem a byl za\u0159azen do seznamu sv\u00e1tk\u016f Republiky Kazachst\u00e1n. Od roku 2009 jsou v Kazachst\u00e1nu prohl\u00e1\u0161eny za dny pracovn\u00edho klidu t\u0159i dny v b\u0159eznu.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159eddve\u0159\u00ed toho v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho sv\u00e1tku v\u00a0Kazachst\u00e1nu, s\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 miliony voli\u010d\u016f, prob\u011bhly p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 volby do doln\u00ed komory parlamentu (Majilis) a m\u00edstn\u00edch zastupitelsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f (Maslikhat\u016f) ve st\u00ednu boj\u016f na Ukrajin\u011b a proti korupci, st\u00e1tn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy prezidenta Si v\u00a0Moskv\u011b a krize v\u00a0bankovn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu USA a \u0160v\u00fdcarska.<\/p>\n

Voleb doma a v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo sedm registrovan\u00fdch stran, hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed skon\u010dilo v\u00a0dob\u011b pr\u00e1ce na p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku (v 16 hodin SE\u010c) a do parlamentu se m\u016f\u017ee dostat \u0161est stran v\u010detn\u011b vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho Amanatu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 53,46 % hlas\u016f. Demokratick\u00e1 strana Ak \u017dol m\u00e1 7,87 %, Lidov\u00e1 strana Kazachst\u00e1nu 6,25 % a Lidov\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 vlasteneck\u00e1 strana Auyl 10,52 % podporu. V\u0161en\u00e1rodn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e1 strana z\u00edskala 5,35 %. Strana Respublica m\u011bla 8,9 %. Celkem v\u00a0zemi fungovalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 tis\u00edc, v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed 77 volebn\u00edch m\u00edstnost\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch v\u00a062 st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n

Jestli\u017ee p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 volby p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed snahu o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00a0kontextu sv\u00e1tku Nauryz, to \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed krize v\u00a0bankovn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu p\u0159edstavuje opak: \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed korupce a krize pomoc\u00ed zastaral\u00fdch metod, kter\u00e9 neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed nov\u00e9mu duchu doby a ani kontextu snahy vl\u00e1dy Republiky Kazachst\u00e1n realizovat nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m vztah\u016f mezi vl\u00e1dou a ob\u010dany pod n\u00e1zvem „Nov\u00fd Kazachst\u00e1n“.<\/p>\n

Star\u00fd a Nov\u00fd Kazachst\u00e1n <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi Nov\u00fdm a Star\u00fdm Kazachst\u00e1nem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v realizaci otev\u0159en\u00e9ho dialogu vl\u00e1dy se spole\u010dnost\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed transparentnosti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti, mimo jin\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spravedliv\u00e9ho p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed zem\u011b ve prosp\u011bch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve Star\u00e9m Kazachst\u00e1nu to byl – up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno probl\u00e9m. V roce 2019 podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed pouze 162 lid\u00ed pln\u011b kontrolovalo polovinu bohatstv\u00ed t\u00e9to st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. A velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st tohoto bohatstv\u00ed se tehdy nach\u00e1zela v offshorech v \u017denev\u011b, Lond\u00fdn\u011b, New Yorku, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a dal\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch centrech, nad kter\u00fdmi se sb\u00edraj\u00ed temn\u00e9 mraky bou\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Toho si je v\u011bdom prezident Tokajev. Proto po ud\u00e1lostech roku 2022 na\u0159\u00eddil vl\u00e1d\u011b, aby co nejd\u0159\u00edve vypracovala pl\u00e1n repatriace aktiv. Podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch odhad\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b odhad\u016f mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Tax Justice Network, dos\u00e1hla v\u00fd\u0161e kapit\u00e1lu vyveden\u00e9ho z Kazachst\u00e1nu 160 miliard dolar\u016f. Tato \u010d\u00e1stka byla ze zem\u011b nez\u00e1konn\u011b vyvedena v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 25 let.<\/p>\n

Za \u00fa\u010delem navr\u00e1cen\u00ed pen\u011bz Kazachst\u00e1n sestavil zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed komisi pro ot\u00e1zky navr\u00e1cen\u00ed kapit\u00e1l\u016f ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed a pos\u00edlen\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti odlivu pen\u011bz ze zem\u011b. Proto\u017ee plat\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e se chce psa b\u00edt, h\u016fl se v\u017edy najde, komise za 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f roku 2022 – podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f \u2013 pomohla vr\u00e1tit do Kazachst\u00e1nu cca 1,5 miliardy dolar\u016f, 398 tis\u00edc hektar\u016f p\u016fdy v hodnot\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 milion\u016f dolar\u016f a v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch \u017eeleznic. Posledn\u00ed uveden\u00e1 polo\u017eka umo\u017enila ji\u017e sn\u00ed\u017eit tarify a je lep\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e nic nebo dokonce pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zmi\u0148uji se o snaze vl\u00e1dy Kazachst\u00e1nu, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0kontextu rostouc\u00ed chudoby v\u011bt\u0161iny, rostouc\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed mini-men\u0161iny a ob\u010dansk\u00fdch se nepokoj\u016f ve sv\u011bt\u011b znovu z\u00edskan\u00e1 aktiva budou obecn\u011b pou\u017eita na financov\u00e1n\u00ed projekt\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na zlep\u0161en\u00ed blahobytu a spravedlnosti ob\u010dan\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch klan\u016f. \u00a0Nev\u00edm p\u0159itom, zda je rozumn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u011b debatovat o tom, jak a kde pen\u00edze utratit.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod pro p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek p\u0159edstavuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Komise pro navr\u00e1cen\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u011b vyveden\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v epicentru mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konfrontace o jin\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd majetek – prost\u0159edky druho\u0159ad\u00e9 kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 banky Jysan. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, \u017ee jej\u00ed akcion\u00e1\u0159i a b\u00fdval\u00e9 veden\u00ed (nebudu nikoho jmenovat) se sna\u017e\u00ed vyv\u00e9st aktiva do zahrani\u010dn\u00edch jurisdikc\u00ed. Paradoxem je, \u017ee tato banka st\u00e1le existuje jen d\u00edky st\u00e1tn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed podpo\u0159e v podob\u011b milion\u016f dolar\u016f pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch kaza\u0161sk\u00fdm da\u0148ov\u00fdm poplatn\u00edk\u016fm. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se proto mnoho aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, toho \u010dasu bez odpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159itom kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee krachy bank zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. Proto v posledn\u00edch letech pravideln\u011b podporuj\u00ed slab\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce. Pro informaci uv\u00e1d\u00edm, \u017ee od roku 2017 bylo na podporu druho\u0159ad\u00fdch bank v Kazachst\u00e1nu vynalo\u017eeno v\u00edce ne\u017e 11,5 miliardy USD. Z toho pr\u00e1v\u011b banka Jysan obdr\u017eela v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 miliardy dolar\u016f. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto skute\u010dnost\u00ed se kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se o tyto prost\u0159edky opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b p\u0159ou. I na tomto m\u00edst\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: Kde a v\u00a0jak\u00e9 jurisdikci, s\u00a0k\u00fdm a jak\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky se dom\u00e1haj\u00ed sv\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, kdy\u017e pr\u00e1vo na pap\u00edru p\u0159edstavuje pouhou deklarac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se st\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vem pouze s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed moci, s\u00edly a odhodlanosti.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh s touto bankou je jedn\u00edm z mnoha mn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch, a p\u0159edstavuje pouze jednu z epizod rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed kampan\u011b za navr\u00e1cen\u00ed aktiv. Korupce a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nespravedlnost toti\u017e dlouhodob\u011b podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1klady st\u00e1tu, ni\u010d\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru ve\u0159ejnosti v instituce, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nerovn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a vedou k hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm. Proto vl\u00e1da opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee navr\u00e1cen\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u011b sta\u017een\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch a jin\u00fdch aktiv a boj proti korupci na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch umo\u017en\u00ed zemi zlep\u0161it jej\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed image, p\u0159il\u00e1kat nov\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice a zv\u00fd\u0161it hospod\u00e1\u0159skou stabilitu v politicky, hospod\u00e1\u0159sky a finan\u010dn\u011b nestabiln\u00ed dob\u011b.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0kontextu zm\u011bn ve sv\u011bt\u011b je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si tak\u00e9 uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu nejde jen a ani ne tak o pen\u00edze. Boj prezidenta Tokajeva za navr\u00e1cen\u00ed ukraden\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed zem\u011b je projevem odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 politick\u00e9 v\u016fle a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm i vnit\u0159n\u00edm sign\u00e1lem kaza\u0161sk\u00fdm oligarch\u016fm, dom\u00e1c\u00edm podnikatel\u016fm a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm partner\u016fm a soused\u016fm, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Rusku a \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Tokajev chce dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee je skute\u010dn\u011b odhodl\u00e1n bojovat proti korupci, b\u00fdt otev\u0159en\u00fd a transparentn\u00ed a \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost stav\u00ed nad osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy, proto\u017ee bez spolupr\u00e1ce se zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi sousedy mu z\u016fstanou jenom o\u010di pro pl\u00e1\u010d.<\/p>\n

Proto p\u0159eji n\u00e1rod\u016fm Kazachst\u00e1nu k\u00a0jejich sv\u00e1tku Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla – Nauryz, aby nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m vztah\u016f mezi vl\u00e1dou a ob\u010dany pod n\u00e1zvem Nov\u00fd Kazachst\u00e1n nez\u016fstal jenom deklarac\u00ed na pap\u00edru, ale stal se realitou a p\u0159\u00edkladem prosperuj\u00edc\u00edho st\u00e1tu pro mnoh\u00e9 jin\u00e9 v\u00a0dob\u011b zrozen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a nov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Souhlasu net\u0159eba.<\/p>\n

Jan Campbell<\/em>
\n19\/20.3.2023<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u00davod Nauryz pro \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a turkick\u00e9 n\u00e1rody je sv\u00e1tkem jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti. Jedn\u00e1 se o jeden…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,1338,122,276],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24879"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24881,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24879\/revisions\/24881"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}