{"id":24794,"date":"2023-03-20T05:44:48","date_gmt":"2023-03-20T04:44:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=24794"},"modified":"2023-03-20T05:44:48","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T04:44:48","slug":"londyn-vytvari-precedent-na-ktery-muze-doplatit-cely-zapad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/03\/20\/londyn-vytvari-precedent-na-ktery-muze-doplatit-cely-zapad\/","title":{"rendered":"Lond\u00fdn vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed precedent, na kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee doplatit cel\u00fd Z\u00e1pad"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud v Lond\u00fdn\u011b sv\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm o Janukovy\u010dov\u011b dluhu p\u0159ekonal v\u0161echny a v\u0161echno<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Brit\u00e1nie sebrala odvahu nejen k vyvlastn\u011bn\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho majetku, ale i k tak drastick\u00fdm krok\u016fm, jako je souhlas s odm\u00edtnut\u00edm dlu\u017en\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu plnit sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky v\u016f\u010di v\u011b\u0159iteli.\u00a0Lond\u00fdn podpo\u0159il p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed Kyjeva nesplatit ukrajinsk\u00fd dluh Rusk\u00e9 federaci.\u00a016. b\u0159ezna ozn\u00e1mila agentura\u00a0Bloomberg\u00a0zpr\u00e1vu: Ukrajina vyhr\u00e1la p\u0159\u00edpad u Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ohledn\u011b takzvan\u00e9 \u201eJanukovy\u010dovy p\u016fj\u010dky\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
V prosinci 2013 poskytlo Rusko Ukrajin\u011b p\u016fj\u010dku na podporu ekonomiky a v\u00fdplatu soci\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1vek. P\u016fj\u010dka byla sjedn\u00e1na formou n\u00e1kupu ukrajinsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f od Fondu n\u00e1rodn\u00edho blahobytu (FNB) Ruskem za 5 % ro\u010dn\u011b s dvouletou splatnost\u00ed. Kyjevu se poda\u0159ilo v\u010das vydat dluhopisy v hodnot\u011b 3 miliard eur. Kyjev platil \u00faroky z t\u011bchto cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f a\u017e do podzimu 2015, ale pak p\u0159estal. Nav\u00edc po\u017eadoval \u010dty\u0159let\u00fd odklad splacen\u00ed jistiny a odeps\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti dluhu. V prosinci 2015 Kyjev prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee dluh v term\u00ednu stanoven\u00e9m v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch p\u016fj\u010dky nesplat\u00ed. Tvrdil, \u017ee p\u016fj\u010dka je komer\u010dn\u00ed, tak\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat restrukturalizaci dluhu. Dluh byl v\u0161ak podle v\u0161eho st\u00e1tn\u00ed (to potvrdil i MMF) a nespl\u00e1cen\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho dluhu je velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bc. Rating takov\u00e9 zem\u011b prudce kles\u00e1 a nemohou j\u00ed b\u00fdt poskytnuty \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dky od mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed (MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky). MMF v\u0161ak z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu nevyhl\u00e1sil nesplacen\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho dluhu Ukrajiny a pozd\u011bji pokra\u010doval v poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci, jako by se nic nestalo.<\/p>\n

Moskva se obr\u00e1tila na Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, kter\u00fd je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm soudem ve sporech o eurobondy, a v p\u0159edve\u010der nov\u00e9ho roku 2015 podala \u017ealobu na splacen\u00ed v\u0161ech z\u00e1vazk\u016f z \u201eJanukovy\u010dova dluhu\u201c. A v b\u0159eznu 2017 soud \u017ealob\u011b Moskvy vyhov\u011bl. Kyjev se odvolal. Pot\u00e9 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud v Lond\u00fdn\u011b sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed ne\u010dekan\u011b zmrazil. \u017dalovan\u00e1 strana (Ukrajina) navrhla, aby se soud pono\u0159il do politick\u00fdch \u201ejemnost\u00ed\u201c: Moskva pr\u00fd tuto p\u016fj\u010dku Ukrajin\u011b vnutila v r\u00e1mci \u201enez\u00e1konn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a vojensk\u00e9 agrese Moskvy\u201c. Lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd soud odvol\u00e1n\u00ed Kyjeva nezam\u00edtl, ale souhlasil s t\u00edm, \u017ee se bude zab\u00fdvat notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi jemnostmi. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud byl zpolitizov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Odvolac\u00ed soud se \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed Kyjeva zab\u00fdval dlouho, rok a p\u016fl. Nakonec v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2018 soud uznal, \u017ee Moskva Kyjev k p\u0159ijet\u00ed pen\u011bz \u201edonutila\u201c, a navrhl, aby byl proces ve sv\u011btle tohoto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed obnoven. Z\u00e1stupci Ruska se proti tomuto rozhodnut\u00ed odvolali k Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu soudu Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, kter\u00fd v prosinci 2019 a listopadu 2021 projedn\u00e1val argumenty v t\u00e9to v\u011bci. A od 24. \u00fanora lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku byl soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad zcela zmrazen.<\/p>\n

Agentura Bloomberg kone\u010dn\u011b ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee Ukrajina je zbavena sv\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f v\u016f\u010di Rusku v r\u00e1mci \u201eJanukovy\u010dovy p\u016fj\u010dky\u201c. Jedn\u00e1 se o 3 mld. dolar\u016f jistiny a \u00farok\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce odhadov\u00e1ny na cca 1,5 mld. dolar\u016f. Dnes odborn\u00edci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee celkov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e dluhu v\u010detn\u011b nov\u011b nab\u011bhl\u00fdch \u00farok\u016f se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 5 miliard\u00e1m dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 a m\u00e9dia rozhodnut\u00ed lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho soudu nad\u0161en\u011b uv\u00edtali. Zpr\u00e1va nez\u016fstala bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed ani v p\u0159edn\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch. Den\u00edk The Wall Street Journal zve\u0159ejnil \u010dl\u00e1nek\u00a0Russia Is Blocked From Collecting $4.5 Billion in Ukraine Bond Dispute<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Kyjeva se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee na Ukrajinu byl kv\u016fli podpisu dohody vyv\u00edjen \u201eekonomick\u00fd n\u00e1tlak\u201c (Rusko \u00fadajn\u011b hrozilo, \u017ee odm\u00edtne nakupovat ukrajinsk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed). Lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd soud v\u0161ak s tez\u00ed Kyjeva nesouhlasil. V \u010dl\u00e1nku WSJ se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 kolektivn\u00ed sankce Z\u00e1padu v\u016f\u010di Rusku by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00ed aspekty \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed st\u00e1tu\u201c. Lond\u00fdn\u0161t\u00ed soudci zcela pominuli, \u017ee sankce kolektivn\u00edho Z\u00e1padu proti Rusku jsou z hlediska mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va nelegitimn\u00ed, proto\u017ee jednak nebyly schv\u00e1leny Radou bezpe\u010dnosti OSN a jednak jsou hrub\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm Charty Sv\u011btov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed organizace (WTO).<\/p>\n

Politizace mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch soud\u016f se ji\u017e zna\u010dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila, ale Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud v Lond\u00fdn\u011b sv\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm o \u201eJanukovy\u010dov\u011b dluhu\u201c p\u0159ekonal v\u0161echno. Doned\u00e1vna byl Lond\u00fdn pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nezpochybniteln\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed centrum sv\u011bta. Nyn\u00ed tento status ztr\u00e1c\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak by mohl ztratit status mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho centra.<\/p>\n

Lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd precedens bude m\u00edt dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Ukazuje se, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 odm\u00edtnout spl\u00e1cet p\u016fj\u010dku nebo \u00fav\u011br, pokud dlu\u017en\u00edk prohl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee pen\u00edze si vynutil v\u011b\u0159itel. A my dob\u0159e v\u00edme, \u017ee cel\u00fd modern\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ve sv\u011bt\u011b je zalo\u017een na donucen\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed si p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst knihu Johna Perkinse \u201eZpov\u011b\u010f ekonomick\u00e9ho vraha\u201c (sv\u011btov\u00fd bestseller, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159elo\u017een do ru\u0161tiny a opakovan\u011b vyd\u00e1n i u n\u00e1s). Perkins sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu (60.-70. l\u00e9ta 20. stolet\u00ed) pracoval jako konzultant pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce a banky. Velkou \u010d\u00e1st jeho pr\u00e1ce tvo\u0159ilo vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s vedouc\u00edmi p\u0159edstaviteli a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta. Jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dali o p\u016fj\u010dky a \u00fav\u011bry. Mnohem \u010dast\u011bji se p\u016fj\u010dky a \u00fav\u011bry vnucovaly. Existoval ur\u010dit\u00fd n\u00e1tlak, v\u010detn\u011b fyzick\u00e9ho n\u00e1tlaku (pokus o vra\u017edu), ale \u010dast\u011bji fungovaly \u00faplatky. Na toto t\u00e9ma jsem vedl neform\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhovor s legend\u00e1rn\u00edm Johnem Perkinsem na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch jeho knihy: John Perkins, Susan Lindauerov\u00e1, Valentin Katasonov. Odv\u00e1\u017eili se \u0159\u00edct pravdu (M.: Oxygen, 2018).<\/p>\n

Lond\u00fdn vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed precedens, kter\u00fd by mohl zas\u00e1hnout nejen Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, ale cel\u00fd Z\u00e1pad. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka odhaduje, \u017ee v roce 2010 \u010dinil celkov\u00fd dluh zem\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta v\u016f\u010di ekonomicky vysp\u011bl\u00fdm zem\u00edm Z\u00e1padu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 biliony dolar\u016f. Z\u00e1pad bude tvrd\u011b zasa\u017een, pokud rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b p\u0159estanou plnit sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na precedent lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu.<\/p>\n

Valentin Katasonov<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c<\/a> vy\u0161el 18.3.2023 na fondsk.ru. P\u0159eklad Zv\u011bdavec.<\/p>\n

P\u0159evzato\u00a0Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud v Lond\u00fdn\u011b sv\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm o Janukovy\u010dov\u011b dluhu p\u0159ekonal v\u0161echny a v\u0161echno Brit\u00e1nie sebrala…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[306,520,324],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24794"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24794"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24794\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}