{"id":23753,"date":"2023-03-01T09:31:50","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T08:31:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=23753"},"modified":"2023-03-01T09:31:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T08:31:50","slug":"informacni-valky-studie-ukazuje-moc-medii-nad-verejnym-minenim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/03\/01\/informacni-valky-studie-ukazuje-moc-medii-nad-verejnym-minenim\/","title":{"rendered":"Informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky: Studie ukazuje moc m\u00e9di\u00ed nad ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Transatlantick\u00fd think tank European Council on Foreign Relations zve\u0159ejnil studii, kter\u00e1 odhalila \u2013 mo\u017en\u00e1 ne\u00famysln\u011b \u2013 moc, kterou maj\u00ed m\u00e9dia nad ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm.\u00a0Pod\u00edvejme se na to.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
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O studii Evropsk\u00e9 rady pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vztahy (ECFR)\u00a0jsem se ji\u017e zmi\u0148oval ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku z 26. \u00fanora \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Geopolitika a m\u00e9dia \u2013 legenda o rusk\u00e9 izolaci \u201c a sl\u00edbil jsem, \u017ee se t\u00e9to studii budu v\u011bnovat podrobn\u011bji.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Studie nejen ukazuje, \u017ee pokus Z\u00e1padu o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed izolaci Ruska selhal.\u00a0Jasn\u011b to tak\u00e9 ukazuje moc m\u00e9di\u00ed nad ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm, nebo jin\u00fdmi slovy, jak mocn\u00e1 je z\u00e1padn\u00ed propaganda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Znovu a znovu jsem poukazoval na to, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed bubliny, kter\u00e9 je mimo moc z\u00e1padn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed korporace, je velmi pou\u010dn\u00e9.\u00a0Net\u00fdk\u00e1 se to jen rusk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed, ze kter\u00fdch zde hodn\u011b p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1m, abych uk\u00e1zal, jak se v Rusku informuj\u00ed o aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch politick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech.\u00a0To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 m\u00e9di\u00ed prakticky v\u0161ech zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nepat\u0159\u00ed do sf\u00e9ry vlivu USA a t\u00edm i z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Velmi p\u016fsobiv\u011b to potvrzuje studie Evropsk\u00e9 rady pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vztahy (ECFR).\u00a0A ECFR opravdu nen\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00fd ze \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rusk\u00e9 propagandy, ECFR je loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed k c\u00edl\u016fm transatlantick\u00fdch, tedy c\u00edl\u016fm elit USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 rada pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vztahy (ECFR) je evropsk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem Americk\u00e9 rady pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vztahy a od sv\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed v roce 2007 se jasn\u011b postavila proti Rusku.\u00a0ECFR ned\u00e1vno zve\u0159ejnila studii zalo\u017eenou na pr\u016fzkumech ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, USA, Turecku, Rusku, \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Indii a dev\u00edti zem\u00edch EU.\u00a0Studie s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Sjednocen\u00fd z\u00e1pad odd\u011blen\u00fd od zbytku: Sv\u011btov\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed rok po rusk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ne\u00famysln\u011b) odhaluje moc z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie ukazuje, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed mimo sf\u00e9ru vlivu z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, a proto dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 informace ne\u017e ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou uv\u011bzn\u011bni v z\u00e1padn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed bublin\u011b, se na ukrajinsk\u00fd konflikt d\u00edvaj\u00ed velmi odli\u0161n\u011b.\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny p\u016fsob\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u011b a to plat\u00ed i pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u00e9dia (BBC, Deutsche Welle, Radio Liberty atd.), tak\u017ee n\u00e1zory a argumenty z\u00e1padu jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00e9 je to na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, kde jsou nez\u00e1padn\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad rusk\u00e1 \u2013 m\u00e9dia st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bji cenzurov\u00e1na a zakazov\u00e1na.\u00a0Tato cenzura m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 d\u016fvody, jak ukazuje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed v zem\u00edch mimo z\u00e1padn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed bublinu.\u00a0V zem\u00edch, kde jsou voln\u011b dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a stanoviska \u2013 v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rusk\u00e9 i z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u2013 na ukrajinskou krizi, se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od z\u00e1padn\u00edho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, kde jsou rusk\u00e9 argumenty a n\u00e1zory cenzurov\u00e1ny, a proto je v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed ani nezn\u00e1. .<\/span><\/p>\n

Abychom to uk\u00e1zali, pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na n\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my zahrnut\u00e9 ve studii a porovn\u00e1me, jak je na tom ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, USA a zem\u00edch EU na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a v Turecku a Indii na stran\u011b druh\u00e9.\u00a0Tady jde o to, \u017ee srovn\u00e1v\u00e1me z\u00e1padn\u00ed st\u00e1ty s Tureckem a Indi\u00ed, proto\u017ee v obou zem\u00edch maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 voln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k argument\u016fm obou stran konfliktu.\u00a0Jak uk\u00e1\u017eu grafy zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 ve studii, uvid\u00edte tak\u00e9, jak o zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed lid\u00e9 v Rusku a \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ukon\u010dit v\u00e1lku nebo pokra\u010dovat?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Prvn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou, kterou studie \u0159e\u0161ila, byly n\u00e1zory lid\u00ed na t\u0159i prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Konflikt mezi Ruskem a Ukrajinou mus\u00ed b\u00fdt co nejd\u0159\u00edve zastaven, i kdyby to znamenalo, \u017ee Ukrajina p\u0159enech\u00e1 sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed Rusku<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed dominance mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odvol\u00e1na, i kdyby to znamenalo p\u0159ijmout ruskou \u00fazemn\u00ed agresi proti Ukrajin\u011b<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Mus\u00ed si ponechat v\u0161echna sv\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, i kdyby to znamenalo, \u017ee v\u00e1lka bude trvat d\u00e9le a v\u00edce Ukrajinc\u016f bude zabito a stanou se uprchl\u00edky<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n

    S\u00edla z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed je jasn\u011b patrn\u00e1 z reakc\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch, proto\u017ee pouze na Z\u00e1pad\u011b si v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159eje, aby se v\u00e1lka prodlou\u017eila, i kdyby to znamenalo smrt je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce Ukrajinc\u016f.\u00a0To je p\u0159esn\u011b to, co \u00fadajn\u011b m\u00edrumilovn\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia neust\u00e1le bu\u0161\u00ed do sv\u00fdch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

    To, \u017ee v\u00e1lka mus\u00ed b\u00fdt co nejrychleji ukon\u010dena, i kdy\u017e Ukrajina p\u0159i tom ztrat\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch Ruska, podporuj\u00ed lid\u00e9 v Indii a Turecku, tedy v zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vid\u00ed argumenty obou stran prezentovan\u00e9 ve sv\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch.\u00a0Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna a Rusko le\u017e\u00ed mezi Z\u00e1padem na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a Indi\u00ed a Tureckem na stran\u011b druh\u00e9, a\u010dkoli Rusov\u00e9 a \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 tak\u00e9 preferuj\u00ed co nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u00e1zor na Rusko<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou bylo, jak si lid\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch zem\u00edch mysl\u00ed o Rusku.\u00a0I zde je patrn\u00e1 s\u00edla z\u00e1padn\u00ed propagandy, proto\u017ee v z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch, kde m\u00e9dia vedou masivn\u00ed protirusk\u00e9 kampan\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsou rusk\u00e9 argumenty cenzurov\u00e1ny, je jasn\u00e9: hodn\u011b p\u0159es polovinu lid\u00ed na Z\u00e1pad\u011b vid\u011bt Rusko jako protivn\u00edka, se kter\u00fdm jste v konfliktu.\u00a0Kdy\u017e k tomu p\u0159ipo\u010dtete ty, kte\u0159\u00ed vid\u00ed Rusko \u201ejen\u201c jako soupe\u0159e, pak 66 procent lid\u00ed v EU, 71 procent lid\u00ed v USA a dokonce 77 procent lid\u00ed ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed je protirusk\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n

    Na druhou stranu v Indii a Turecku je to \u00fapln\u011b jinak.\u00a0V Indii vid\u00ed 51 procent lid\u00ed Rusko jako spojence a 29 procent jako \u201enezbytn\u00e9ho partnera\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 80 procent lid\u00ed v Indii je prorusk\u00fdch.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco v Turecku jen 14 procent vid\u00ed Rusko jako spojence, 55 procent vid\u00ed Rusko jako \u201enezbytn\u00e9ho partnera\u201c, co\u017e nazna\u010duje prorusk\u00e9 c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed 69 procent v Turecku.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kter\u00e9 zem\u011b jsou demokratick\u00e9?<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Ot\u00e1zka, kterou zemi lid\u00e9 mimo Z\u00e1pad pova\u017euj\u00ed za demokratickou, je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, koneckonc\u016f Z\u00e1pad se prezentuje jako ba\u0161ta a bojovn\u00edk za demokracii.\u00a0Lid\u00e9 mimo z\u00e1padn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed bublinu v\u0161ak vid\u00ed v\u011bci \u00fapln\u011b jinak.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n

    Za nejdemokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi pova\u017euje svou zemi 57 procent Ind\u016f, n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed USA s pouh\u00fdmi 22 procenty.\u00a0Za nejdemokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi pova\u017euje svou zemi 36 procent Turk\u016f, n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed USA se 17 procenty a t\u0159et\u00ed m\u00edsto \u201e\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed\u201c s 15 procenty.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010c\u00ednu neznaj\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee 77 procent \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f pova\u017euje svou zemi za nejdemokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Kdo zn\u00e1 \u010c\u00ednu, to pochop\u00ed, ale to u\u017e je jin\u00e9 t\u00e9ma.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Rusov\u00e9 jsou v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce rozd\u011bleni: \u201e\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed\u201c nen\u00ed na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b s 31 procenty.\u00a0Ani to nikoho, kdo zn\u00e1 Rusko, nep\u0159ekvapuje, ale rozeb\u00edrat se d\u016fvody \u2013 stejn\u011b jako u \u010c\u00edny \u2013 by bylo t\u00e9matem na samostatn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1m ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem, aby si studii s\u00e1m prohl\u00e9dl, proto\u017ee jsem zde uvedl pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi.\u00a0Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je nap\u0159\u00edklad i to, \u017ee v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zemi, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch z\u00e1padn\u00edch, v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 procent lid\u00ed nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed podpora Ukrajin\u011b je o obran\u011b \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvosti Ukrajiny.\u00a0A \u2013 tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u2013 pouze v Indii je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupina p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee USA a EU jsou jen o \u201eobran\u011b Ukrajiny jako demokracie\u201c.\u00a0I na Z\u00e1pad\u011b tomu v\u011b\u0159\u00ed jen men\u0161ina.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b studie velmi jasn\u011b ukazuje s\u00edlu m\u00e9di\u00ed p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0A ukazuje, \u017ee narativ\u016fm, kter\u00e9 koluj\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edmi m\u00e9dii o v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b a o Rusku, zbytek sv\u011bta, kde maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 nyn\u00ed mnohem svobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k informac\u00edm, ne\u017e na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, kter\u00fd je st\u00e1le v\u00edce cenzurov\u00e1n, nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed.\u00a0N\u00e1zev studie mluv\u00ed za v\u0161e:<\/span>\u201eSjednocen\u00fd z\u00e1pad, odd\u011blen\u00fd od zbytku sv\u011bta\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je na Z\u00e1pad\u011b st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cenzura, pro\u010d jsou na Z\u00e1pad\u011b zakazov\u00e1na rusk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia a pro\u010d tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia st\u00e1le tvrd\u011bji zasahuj\u00ed proti odli\u0161n\u00fdm n\u00e1zor\u016fm: Z\u00e1pad se boj\u00ed argument\u016f „druh\u00e9 strany“.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Boj\u00ed se ale argument\u016f, jejich\u017e argumenty jsou slab\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    (Pozn\u00e1mka Infokur\u00fdru<\/strong>: Zde vid\u00edte i d\u016fvod vypnut\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch zpravodajsk\u00fdch server\u016f v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Kter\u00e9, jak bylo odhaleno, bylo napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e v\u016fbec vypukla v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b)<\/em><\/p>\n

    Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

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    Transatlantick\u00fd think tank European Council on Foreign Relations zve\u0159ejnil studii, kter\u00e1 odhalila \u2013 mo\u017en\u00e1 ne\u00famysln\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23754,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[542,2081,158,48,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23753"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23753"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23753\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23754"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}