{"id":23232,"date":"2023-02-20T06:02:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T05:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=23232"},"modified":"2023-02-20T06:02:08","modified_gmt":"2023-02-20T05:02:08","slug":"raisi-v-pekingu-strategicke-plany-mezi-iranem-a-cinou-jedou-na-plny-plyn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/02\/20\/raisi-v-pekingu-strategicke-plany-mezi-iranem-a-cinou-jedou-na-plny-plyn\/","title":{"rendered":"Raisi v Pekingu: Strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a \u010c\u00ednou jedou na pln\u00fd plyn"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
Raisiho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva Pekingu, prvn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho prezidenta za posledn\u00edch 20 let, je v\u00fdrazem velk\u00e9ho \u201eobratu Teher\u00e1nu na V\u00fdchod\u201c a uzn\u00e1n\u00edm \u010c\u00edny, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n hraje v jej\u00edch pl\u00e1nech BRI kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n
N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Ebrah\u00edma Ra\u00eds\u00edho v Pekingu a jeho osobn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed s prot\u011bj\u0161kem Si \u0164in-pchingem je p\u0159elomov\u00e1 ve v\u00edce ohledech.<\/p>\n

Raisi, prvn\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident, kter\u00fd ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvil \u010c\u00ednu po 20 letech, vedl politickou a ekonomickou delegaci na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni, v n\u00ed\u017e byli nov\u00fd guvern\u00e9r centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky a minist\u0159i hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a obchodu.<\/p>\n

To, \u017ee Raisi a Si spole\u010dn\u011b dohl\u00ed\u017eeli na podpis 20 dvoustrann\u00fdch dohod o spolupr\u00e1ci, od zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, obchodu, cestovn\u00edho ruchu a ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u017e po zdravotnictv\u00ed, pomoc p\u0159i katastrof\u00e1ch, kulturu a sport, nen\u00ed ani t\u00edm hlavn\u00edm, co si odnesli.<\/p>\n

Slavnostn\u00ed zpe\u010det\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0komplexn\u00edho strategick\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a \u010c\u00ednou<\/a>, k n\u011bmu\u017e do\u0161lo tento t\u00fdden, p\u0159edstavuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v oblasti multipolarity: dv\u011b panovnick\u00e9 zem\u011b \u2013 ob\u011b spojen\u00e9 strategick\u00fdm partnerstv\u00edm s Ruskem \u2013 vtiskuj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edmu publiku a tak\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu Jihu svou vizi spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, f\u00e9rov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho 21. stolet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zcela pom\u00edj\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed dikt\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Peking a Teher\u00e1n poprv\u00e9 nav\u00e1zaly komplexn\u00ed strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed, kdy\u017e Si nav\u0161t\u00edvil \u00cdr\u00e1n v roce 2016 \u2013 pouh\u00fd rok po podpisu Spole\u010dn\u00e9ho komplexn\u00edho ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu (JCPOA) neboli \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 dohody.<\/p>\n

V roce 2021 Peking a Teher\u00e1n podepsaly dohodu o 25let\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 p\u0159etavila komplexn\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed do praktick\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho a kulturn\u00edho rozvoje v n\u011bkolika oblastech, zejm\u00e9na v energetice, obchodu a infrastruktu\u0159e. Do t\u00e9 doby byl nejen \u00cdr\u00e1n (po desetilet\u00ed), ale i \u010c\u00edna ter\u010dem jednostrann\u00fdch sankc\u00ed USA.<\/p>\n

Zde<\/a>\u00a0je pom\u011brn\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 anal\u00fdza probl\u00e9m\u016f a vyhl\u00eddek 25let\u00e9 dohody. A zde je pou\u010dn\u00fd pohled ze sousedn\u00edho P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd je rovn\u011b\u017e strategick\u00fdm partnerem \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n: mus\u00ed v\u0161e modernizovat<\/h2>\n

Peking a Teher\u00e1n ji\u017e aktivn\u011b spolupracuj\u00ed na v\u00fdstavb\u011b vybran\u00fdch trat\u00ed teher\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho metra, vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u017eeleznice Teher\u00e1n-Isfah\u00e1n a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b na spole\u010dn\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch projektech. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd technologick\u00fd gigant Huawei m\u00e1 Teher\u00e1nu pomoci vybudovat r\u00e1mec pro telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 5G.<\/p>\n

Raisi a Xi p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011b zd\u016fraznili zv\u00fd\u0161enou spole\u010dnou koordinaci v OSN a \u0160anghajsk\u00e9 organizaci pro spolupr\u00e1ci (SCO), jej\u00edm\u017e je \u00cdr\u00e1n nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010dlenem, a tak\u00e9 novou iniciativu Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli to nebylo v\u00fdslovn\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bno, v pozad\u00ed v\u0161ech t\u011bchto iniciativ je de-dolarizace obchodu \u2013 v r\u00e1mci \u0160OS, ale tak\u00e9 multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed skupiny st\u00e1t\u016f BRICS. \u00cdr\u00e1n se m\u00e1 st\u00e1t jedn\u00edm z nov\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f BRICS+, co\u017e je obrovsk\u00fd krok, o n\u011bm\u017e se rozhodne na jejich nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm summitu v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice v srpnu p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku.<\/p>\n

V Teher\u00e1nu se odhaduje, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u00ed obchod mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a \u010c\u00ednou m\u016f\u017ee ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu dos\u00e1hnout v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 miliard dolar\u016f, co\u017e bude trojn\u00e1sobek sou\u010dasn\u00fdch hodnot.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o budov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury, je \u00cdr\u00e1n kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm partnerem BRI. Geostrategie je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b t\u011b\u017eko srovnateln\u00e1: 2 250 km pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv, Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv, Om\u00e1nsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e a Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e \u2013 a obrovsk\u00e9 pozemn\u00ed hranice s Ir\u00e1kem, Tureckem, Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed, \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem, Turkmenist\u00e1nem, Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nem a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd think tank vid\u00ed, jak je \u00cdr\u00e1n nenahraditeln\u00fd nejen z hlediska pozemn\u00edch koridor\u016f BRI, ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstav \u010cabah\u00e1r m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hlavn\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsko-indickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, nebo\u0165 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho severoji\u017en\u00edho dopravn\u00edho koridoru (INSTC) \u2013 a je tak p\u0159\u00edmo spojen s\u00a0indickou viz\u00ed Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky<\/a>, kter\u00e1 se t\u00e1hne a\u017e do St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed develope\u0159i v\u0161ak maj\u00ed jin\u00e9 n\u00e1pady, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na alternativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavy v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu a Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i. To pos\u00edl\u00ed lodn\u00ed spojen\u00ed se St\u0159edn\u00ed Asi\u00ed (Turkmenist\u00e1n a Kazachst\u00e1n), Ruskem a Kavkazem (\u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n).<\/p>\n

A to d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, kdy\u017e se rozvoj p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edch termin\u00e1l\u016f spoj\u00ed s modernizac\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch \u017eeleznic \u2013 a\u017e po vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u017eeleznici.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b revolu\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvojem by bylo, kdyby \u010c\u00edna koordinovala propojen\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho koridoru BRI s ji\u017e prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm 3 200 km dlouh\u00fdm \u010d\u00ednsko-p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00fdm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm koridorem (CPEC) z Ka\u0161garu v Sin-\u0165iangu do p\u0159\u00edstavu Gwadar v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

To se zd\u00e1lo naprosto re\u00e1ln\u00e9, kdy\u017e byl p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Imran Ch\u00e1n je\u0161t\u011b u moci, ne\u017e byl svr\u017een st\u00e1tn\u00edm p\u0159evratem. Kl\u00ed\u010dem k cel\u00e9mu podniku je vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 infrastruktury v Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1nu, a to na obou stran\u00e1ch hranice. Na p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 stran\u011b by to do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry pomohlo rozb\u00edt CIA \u017eiven\u00e9 \u201epovstalce\u201c typu Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, zbavit se nezam\u011bstnanosti a d\u00e1t ekonomick\u00e9mu rozvoji hlavn\u00ed slovo obchodu.<\/p>\n

Do rovnice samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vstupuje Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n \u2013 v podob\u011b \u010d\u00ednsko-afgh\u00e1nsko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho koridoru spojen\u00e9ho s CPEC. Od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2021 Peking podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje T\u00e1lib\u00e1nu, jak m\u016f\u017ee profitovat z infrastrukturn\u00edho koridoru \u2013 dopln\u011bn\u00e9ho \u017eeleznic\u00ed, d\u00e1lnic\u00ed a plynovodem \u2013 ze Sin-\u0165iangu, p\u0159es Wach\u00e1nsk\u00fd koridor ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, p\u0159es Hind\u00faku\u0161 a\u017e do \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

J\u00e1dro multipolarity<\/h2>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n m\u00e1 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady pro rozmach vysokorychlostn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u017eeleznice, kterou poh\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00edna a kter\u00e1 spojuje \u00cdr\u00e1n s v\u011bt\u0161inou zem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Asie (Kazachst\u00e1n, Turkmenist\u00e1n, T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1n, Kyrgyzst\u00e1n).<\/p>\n

To v praxi znamen\u00e1 skv\u011bl\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm logistick\u00fdm uskupen\u00edm: zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ekonomickou z\u00f3nou (SEZ) Chorgos, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pouh\u00fdch 330 km od Almaty na kaza\u0161sko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 hranici a jen \u010dty\u0159i hodiny cesty od Urum\u010di, hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Sin-\u0165iangu.<\/p>\n

Pokud by se to \u010c\u00edn\u011b poda\u0159ilo, byl by to jak\u00fdsi svat\u00fd gr\u00e1l BRI, kter\u00fd by propojil \u010c\u00ednu a \u00cdr\u00e1n p\u0159es Kazachst\u00e1n, Turkmenist\u00e1n, Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n. Nic men\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e n\u011bkolik koridor\u016f v jednom.<\/p>\n

To v\u0161e se chyst\u00e1 v dob\u011b, kdy isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 revoluce v \u00cdr\u00e1nu slav\u00ed 44. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To, co se geopoliticky d\u011bje ji\u017e nyn\u00ed a co \u010c\u00edna pln\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, by se dalo definovat jako \u00fapln\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed absurdity: kolektivn\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed Z\u00e1padu s \u00cdr\u00e1nem jako s vyvrhelem nebo v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b s podrobenou neokoloni\u00ed.<\/p>\n

S t\u00edm, jak se kone\u010dn\u011b zkonsolidovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 proudy odporu zakotven\u00e9 v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 revoluci, se zd\u00e1, \u017ee historie kone\u010dn\u011b posouv\u00e1 \u00cdr\u00e1n jako jeden z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch p\u00f3l\u016f nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho procesu, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 v 21. stolet\u00ed: V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o integraci Eurasie.<\/p>\n

44 let po isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 revoluci m\u00e1 \u00cdr\u00e1n strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed se t\u0159emi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi BRICS: \u010c\u00edna, Rusko a Indie.<\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b stane jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch nov\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f BRICS+, je prvn\u00edm z\u00e1padoasijsk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd se stal plnopr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u010dlenem \u0160OS, a uzav\u00edr\u00e1 dohodu o voln\u00e9m obchodu s Euroasijskou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou uni\u00ed (EAEU).<\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n je vedle Ruska a Indie hlavn\u00edm strategick\u00fdm partnerem BRI, kterou vede \u010c\u00edna, i INSTC.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee dohoda JCPOA je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 mrtv\u00e1 a v\u0161echny z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u201esliby\u201c le\u017e\u00ed v prachu, Teher\u00e1n zrychluje sv\u016fj obrat zp\u011bt na V\u00fdchod.<\/p>\n

To, co Raisi a Si zpe\u010detili v Pekingu, je p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159evahy v cel\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii \u2013 v Pekingu to vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd d\u016fsledek uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a respektov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed v regionu.<\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 strategie \u201ePohled na V\u00fdchod\u201c nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt s BRI slu\u010diteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u0159ada projekt\u016f BRI urychl\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rozvoj \u00cdr\u00e1nu a upevn\u00ed jeho nep\u0159ehl\u00e9dnutelnou roli, pokud jde o obchodn\u00ed koridory a dodavatele energie.<\/p>\n

V 80. letech se Teher\u00e1n \u0159\u00eddil strategi\u00ed \u201eani V\u00fdchod, ani Z\u00e1pad\u201c \u2013 v\u011brn\u00fd z\u00e1sad\u00e1m isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 revoluce. Ta se nyn\u00ed pragmaticky vyvinula v \u201epohled na V\u00fdchod\u201c. Teher\u00e1n se sice v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e sna\u017eil o \u201epohled na Z\u00e1pad\u201c, ale to, co vl\u00e1da USA provedla s JCPOA \u2013 od jej\u00edho zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159es \u201emaxim\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1tlak\u201c a\u017e po jej\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161enou resuscitaci \u2013 bylo docela historickou lekc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To, co Raisi a Si pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159edvedli v Pekingu, je suver\u00e9nn\u00ed cesta vp\u0159ed. T\u0159i v\u016fdci euroasijsk\u00e9 integrace \u2013 \u010c\u00edna, Rusko a \u00cdr\u00e1n \u2013 jsou rychle na cest\u011b k upevn\u011bn\u00ed j\u00e1dra multipolarity.<\/p>\n

Pepe Escobar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n

Raisi in Beijing: Iran-China strategic plans go full throttle<\/a> vy\u0161el 17.2.2023 na thecradle.co. P\u0159eklad Zv\u011bdavec.<\/p>\n

P\u0159evzato\u00a0Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Raisiho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva Pekingu, prvn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho prezidenta za posledn\u00edch 20 let, je v\u00fdrazem velk\u00e9ho \u201eobratu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2678,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1161,30,59,38,1014],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23232"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23232"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23232\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}