{"id":23100,"date":"2023-02-18T01:02:51","date_gmt":"2023-02-18T00:02:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=23100"},"modified":"2023-02-17T09:30:37","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T08:30:37","slug":"valecna-propaganda-ve-svycarskych-mediich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/02\/18\/valecna-propaganda-ve-svycarskych-mediich\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 propaganda ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Pro\u010d \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia o v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed propagandu NATO.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 propaganda ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch?<\/span><\/h4>\n

Dob\u0159e informovan\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 si rychle v\u0161imne, \u017ee i v \u00fadajn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0160v\u00fdcarsku tradi\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e9dia o v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b propagandu NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Propaganda ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch se d\u00e1 v podstat\u011b rozd\u011blit do\u00a0<\/span>t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Za prv\u00e9, propaganda o historii v\u00e1lky;\u00a0za druh\u00e9, propaganda na t\u00e9ma v\u00fdvozu energie a surovin;\u00a0za t\u0159et\u00ed, takzvan\u00e1 krut\u00e1 propaganda o (\u00fadajn\u00fdch) v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinech.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia by r\u00e1da prodala\u00a0vypuknut\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e1lky sv\u00fdm d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00fdm \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a div\u00e1k\u016fm jako \u201enevyprovokovanou ruskou invazi\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Ve skute\u010dnosti Rusko\u00a0<\/span>reagovalo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na nez\u00e1konn\u00fd americk\u00fd p\u0159evrat a\u00a0<\/span>masakr na Majdanu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v Kyjev\u011b v roce 2014;\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO na Ukrajinu dopln\u011bn\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00fdmi\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00fdmi cvi\u010den\u00edmi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0sabot\u00e1\u017e\u00a0Minsk\u00e9 dohody\u00a0<\/span>;\u00a0<\/span><\/a>a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ruskojazy\u010dn\u00e9ho obyvatelstva Donbasu.\u00a0USA by nepochybn\u011b reagovaly v podstat\u011b stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem na vojensk\u00e9 spojenectv\u00ed mezi Kubou nebo Mexikem a Ruskem nebo \u010c\u00ednou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o\u00a0<\/span>export energie a komodit,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia by r\u00e1da oklamala sv\u00e9 publikum, aby si myslelo, \u017ee Rusko pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 energii, obil\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed komodity jako \u201ezbra\u0148\u201c.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti je to\u00a0<\/span>naopak<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: zat\u00edmco Rusko chce d\u00e1l vyv\u00e1\u017eet a vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat, z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce blokuj\u00ed rusk\u00e9 plynovody, ropn\u00e9 tankery, v\u00fdvoz\u00a0<\/span>obil\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a hnojiv .\u00a0<\/span>Ukrajinsk\u00e1 dohoda o obil\u00ed byla pou\u017eita<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159i \u00fatoku na Krymsk\u00fd most\u00a0a plynovody NordStream byly\u00a0<\/span>vyhozeny do pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159i americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 akci v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed .\u00a0Za vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ceny energi\u00ed jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 USA a EU, nikoli Rusko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit sv\u00e9 publikum, \u017ee je p\u00e1chaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ru\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti dosud v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f a \u00famysln\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f na civilisty sp\u00e1chaly\u00a0<\/span>ukrajinsk\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jednotky a milice , zat\u00edmco Rusko se dosud sna\u017eilo civiln\u00edm ob\u011btem vyhnout.\u00a0K zamaskov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u0159i zn\u00e1m\u00e9 techniky: za prv\u00e9, ukrajinsk\u00e9 akce jsou prezentov\u00e1ny jako rusk\u00e9 akce;\u00a0za druh\u00e9, ukrajinsk\u00e9 akce jsou ignorov\u00e1ny nebo zleh\u010dov\u00e1ny;\u00a0za t\u0159et\u00ed, rusk\u00e9 akce jsou vymy\u0161len\u00e9, fal\u0161ovan\u00e9 nebo zveli\u010dovan\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00edklady<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0zat\u00edm pat\u0159\u00ed \u00fadajn\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed divadla\u00a0<\/span>v<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Mariupolu (vyhozen\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>azovsk\u00fdmi vojsky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0);\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed porodnice\u00a0<\/span>v<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Mariupolu (sv\u011bdci\u00a0<\/span>nesouhlasili<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, pachatel\u00e9 nejasn\u00ed);\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>\u201emasakr v Bucha\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(\u00famrt\u00ed z ukrajinsk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 palby<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>poprava<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201ekolaborant\u016f\u201c, plus rusk\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>poprava<\/span><\/a>\u00a0asi dvan\u00e1cti partyz\u00e1n\u016f a \u0161pion\u016f, stejn\u011b jako\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdst\u0159ely<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na civilisty bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se k vojensk\u00fdm kolon\u00e1m);\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed vlakov\u00e9ho\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>Kramatorsk,\u00a0<\/span>zajateck\u00fd t\u00e1bor<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Elenovka a\u00a0<\/span>jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0v Z\u00e1poro\u017e\u00ed (v\u0161echny\u00a0<\/span>ukrajinsk\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0bombov\u00e9 \u00fatoky);\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201en\u00e1kupn\u00edch center\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u0161kol\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(ukrajinsk\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1kladen<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nebo\u00a0<\/span>arzen\u00e1l\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0);\u00a0\u00fadajn\u011b rusk\u00e9 rakety, kter\u00e9 dopadly v\u00a0<\/span>Polsku<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a v obytn\u00fdch bloc\u00edch v\u00a0<\/span>Kyjev\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Dn\u011bpru<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(ukrajinsk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>protiletadlov\u00e9 rakety<\/span><\/a>\u00a0);\u00a0stejn\u011b jako\u00a0<\/span>vykonstruovan\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o \u00fadajn\u00e9m rusk\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehromadn\u00e9m zn\u00e1sil\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201emu\u010d\u00edrn\u00e1ch\u201c \u2013<\/span><\/strong>zat\u00edmco na ukrajinsk\u00e9 stran\u011b ji\u017e byly zdokumentov\u00e1ny\u00a0<\/span>des\u00edtky hromadn\u00fdch poprav\u00a0<\/span><\/a>a\u00a0mu\u010den\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>To a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0m\u011bsta\u00a0<\/span>Don\u011bck<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdmi jednotkami v\u0161ak nen\u00ed ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u00e9matem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a propagandu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0o v\u0161ech t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lostech \u2013 a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch .\u00a0V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd obr\u00e1zek ukazuje zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy z Tagesschau a 10vor10 o divadle a porodn\u00ed klinice v Mariupolu, dopadu rakety v Dn\u011bpru a obr\u00e1zek na pozad\u00ed z\u00a0<\/span>SRF<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Rundschau, kter\u00fd je na n\u011bkolik sekund zobrazen jako d\u011bsiv\u00fd efekt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>rusk\u00fdm v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm zlo\u010dinem<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0na Ukrajin\u011b bylo dosud systematick\u00e9 ni\u010den\u00ed energetick\u00e9 infrastruktury drony a raketami.\u00a0Za\u010dalo to v \u0159\u00edjnu v reakci na ukrajinsk\u00fd \u00fatok na Krymsk\u00fd most a p\u0159i snaze vyhnout se p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm civiln\u00edm ob\u011btem to st\u00e1le m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed krizi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejnov\u011bji ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed a ameri\u010dt\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i a tak\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00fd izraelsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Naftali Bennett\u00a0<\/span>uvedli<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee Rusko a Ukrajina byly na ja\u0159e 2022 bl\u00edzko\u00a0<\/span>diplomatick\u00e9 dohod\u011b , ale ta byla\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>zablokov\u00e1na<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americkou a britskou vl\u00e1dou\u00a0\u2013 to nebyl probl\u00e9m. \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia zat\u00edm .<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>D\u016fvody \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy<\/span><\/h4>\n

Jak lze vysv\u011btlit takov\u00e9 jednostrann\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dnou propagandu ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch?\u00a0D\u016fvody jsou geopolitick\u00e9 a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cenzura a autocenzura<\/a>\u00a0existovaly ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku\u00a0ji\u017e b\u011bhem\u00a0<\/span>1. a 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, i kdy\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b zasahovaly \u201eob\u011b strany\u201c konfliktu.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho m\u011blo \u0160v\u00fdcarsko v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b rozmanit\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, i kdy\u017e \u0161lo o geopolitick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, tak\u017ee celkov\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed bylo skute\u010dn\u011b velmi komplexn\u00ed, vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 a mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b respektovan\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Se\u00a0<\/span>studenou v\u00e1lkou<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0se v\u0161ak ekonomick\u00e1 a vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost \u0160v\u00fdcarska na USA a NATO natolik rozrostla, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u011b kritick\u00e1 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na geopolitick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch ji\u017e nebyla mo\u017en\u00e1.\u00a0Z dokument\u016f z af\u00e9ry Fichen\u00a0<\/span>vypl\u00fdv\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 tajn\u00e1 slu\u017eba\u00a0<\/span>sledovala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nonkonformn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159e a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby intervenovala u vydavatel\u016f.\u00a0Byla to tak\u00e9 doba Schweizer\u00a0<\/span>Crypto AG<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 CIA .<\/span><\/p>\n

S koncem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1991 a zejm\u00e9na se za\u010d\u00e1tkem\u00a0<\/span>\u201ev\u00e1lky proti terorismu\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0v roce 2001 se prostor pro kritickou medi\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci na geopolitick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch\u00a0(\u201ebu\u010f s n\u00e1mi, nebo proti n\u00e1m\u201c)\u00a0<\/span>nad\u00e1le sni\u017eoval .\u00a0<\/span><\/a>V roce 1996 tak\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko vstoupilo do partnerstv\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s NATO\u00a0\u2013 bez referenda .\u00a0Tato z\u00e1vislost a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost je\u00a0viditeln\u00e1 tak\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010dlenstv\u00ed \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch boss\u016f v\u00a0<\/a><\/span>transatlantick\u00fdch org\u00e1nech<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud by tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia m\u011bla nez\u00e1visle a kriticky informovat o geopolitick\u00fdch konfliktech a v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch, byla by to vlastn\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>provokace<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0aliance NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm faktorem je rychle postupuj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>koncentrace m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0na pouh\u00fdch p\u011bt\u00a0<\/span>hlavn\u00edch poskytovatel\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kte\u0159\u00ed ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 % \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho medi\u00e1ln\u00edho trhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou roli hraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 tzv. tiskov\u00e9 agentury\u00a0.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>V 19. stolet\u00ed si neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0160v\u00fdcarsko\u00a0<\/span>zalo\u017eilo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vlastn\u00ed tiskovou agenturu Schweizerische Depeschen-Agentur SDA, aby nebylo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na velmoc\u00edch v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch.\u00a0Mezit\u00edm existuj\u00ed pouze\u00a0<\/span>t\u0159i sv\u011btov\u00e9 agentury,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0od nich\u017e noviny, televize a rozhlas dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u201ezpr\u00e1vy\u201c: americk\u00e1 AP, britsk\u00e1 Reuters a francouzsk\u00e1 AFP.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety musela SDA z cenov\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f dokonce zcela p\u0159edat<\/span><\/a>\u00a0svou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017ebu n\u011bmeck\u00e9 DPA v Berl\u00edn\u011b\u00a0, kter\u00e1 zase spolupracuje s americkou AP.\u00a0Jej\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f Tom Curley v roce 2009\u00a0<\/span>vysv\u011btlil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jak americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vyv\u00edj\u00ed tlak na agenturu AP, aby zabr\u00e1nila kritick\u00fdm zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m o vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00edch.\u00a0A inform\u00e1tor CIA John Stockwell ji\u017e v roce 1985\u00a0<\/span>odhalil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jak jeho t\u00fdm podstr\u010dil fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o agentur\u00e1ch a m\u00e9di\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nic netu\u0161\u00edc\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed nakonec prim\u00e1rn\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed (p\u0159elo\u017een\u00e9)\u00a0<\/span>agenturn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z metropol\u00ed NATO New York, Lond\u00fdn a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u00e1dia, televize, novin nebo zpravodajsk\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed.\u00a0I\u00a0<\/span>zahrani\u010dn\u00ed korespondenti, kte\u0159\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0si ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku beztak mohou dovolit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jen NZZ a SRF, se v\u011bt\u0161inou musej\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>odvol\u00e1vat<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Zpr\u00e1vy jsou pak ochotn\u011b dopln\u011bny prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi \u201eodborn\u00edk\u016f\u201c z think-tank\u016f NATO a\u00a0<\/span>nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0financovan\u00fdch USA , v\u010detn\u011b \u201eAmnesty International\u201c a \u201eHuman Rights Watch\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou roli, zejm\u00e9na ve v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b, hraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>PR agentury<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>rad\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b a kter\u00e9 ji\u017e oblet\u011bly stovky propagandistick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b .\u00a0Ji\u017e b\u011bhem jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek v 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>vytv\u00e1\u0159ely<\/span><\/a>\u00a0PR agentury zpr\u00e1vy o \u00fadajn\u00fdch \u201et\u00e1borech smrti\u201c a \u201emasakrech\u201c, kter\u00e9 se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1zaly jako fale\u0161n\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem si pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd ob\u010dan \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e ve \u0161kole, zam\u011bstnan\u00fd nebo v d\u016fchodu \u2013 v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ucelenou\u00a0<\/span>\u201epropagandistickou matrici\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, z n\u00ed\u017e je zpo\u010d\u00e1tku t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uniknout.\u00a0Nepom\u016f\u017ee\u00a0ani pohled na pohodlnou online encyklopedii\u00a0<\/span>Wikipedie , kterou u\u017e d\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>p\u0159evzaly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, PR agentury a aktivist\u00e9 .<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud se \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 nedr\u017e\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>k\u00fd\u017een\u00e9ho narativu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0o geopolitick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch , co\u017e je d\u00edky obecn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m beztak vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, reakce n\u00e1sleduje okam\u017eit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f tehdy levicov\u011b liber\u00e1ln\u00edho Weltwoche\u00a0publikoval kritick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o pr\u00e1ci m\u00e9di\u00ed b\u011bhem\u00a0<\/span>bosensk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky , n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed a \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed vydavatel\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b zas\u00e1hli a novin\u00e1\u0159 byl do\u010dasn\u011b\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>zak\u00e1z\u00e1n ps\u00e1t<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd historik\u00a0<\/span>Daniele Ganser , kter\u00fd je kritick\u00fd pro NATO, byl ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>odstran\u011bn<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ze v\u0161ech \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch univerzit\u00a0a \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii ho l\u00e9ta o\u010der\u0148uj\u00ed.\u00a0P\u0159esto je dnes pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdy jindy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2016 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, od Aargauer Zeitung po Republic a NZZ, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o \u00fadajn\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>\u201espiknut\u00ed Russiagate\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 se ned\u00e1vno uk\u00e1zalo jako\u00a0<\/span>fiktivn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce .\u00a0Pokud jde o\u00a0<\/span>syrskou v\u00e1lku<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia st\u00e1le p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed o \u00fadajn\u00fdch \u201e\u00fatoc\u00edch jedovat\u00fdm plynem\u201c ze strany syrsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e d\u00e1vno uk\u00e1zaly jako operace\u00a0<\/span>islamist\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0podporovan\u00fdch USA .\u00a0V jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b BBC dokonce\u00a0<\/span>sama<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zinscenovala \u00fadajn\u00fd \u201echemick\u00fd \u00fatok\u201c spole\u010dn\u011b s \u201erebely\u201c a britsk\u00fdmi specialisty .<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia ve zkratce<\/span><\/h4>\n

Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd pohled na dne\u0161n\u00ed \u0161v\u00fdcarskou medi\u00e1ln\u00ed krajinu odhaluje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed obr\u00e1zek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dob\u0159e hodnocen\u00e1\u00a0studie SPR<\/a>\u00a0o bur\u017eoazn\u00edch akademick\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/span>Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(NZZ) ji\u017e v roce 2016 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee kolem 90 % propagandy o tehdej\u0161\u00edm ukrajinsk\u00e9m konfliktu a syrsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed strana konfliktu USA\/NATO.\u00a0Od t\u00e9 doby se NZZ pod veden\u00edm \u0161\u00e9fredaktora a\u00a0\u201eatlantika\u201c<\/a>\u00a0Erica Gujera je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce dostal do souladu s NATO .\u00a0Gujer v roce 2010\u00a0napsal<\/a>\u00a0knihu s b\u00fdval\u00fdm \u0159editelem neokonzervativn\u00ed skupiny Project for a New American Century a udr\u017eoval kontakty se\u00a0zpravodajsk\u00fdmi agenturami<\/a>\u00a0ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a N\u011bmecku.\u00a0N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i NZZ jsou tak\u00e9\u00a0\u201emlad\u00fdmi v\u016fdci\u201c<\/a>\u00a0\u201eamerick\u00e9 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 nadace\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vydavatelstv\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Tamedia<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 dominuje \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, kter\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed 20 Minuten, Z\u00fcrcher Tages-Anzeiger, Berner Bund a Basler Zeitung, ji\u017e z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zadalo svou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed redakci S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung v Mnichov\u011b, kter\u00fd je zase \u00fazce zapojen do NATO. t\u011bla\u00a0<\/span>takov\u00fd<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako Atlantik most je\u00a0<\/span>integrov\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b \u201e20 minut\u201c se b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b vyvinulo ve skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fd raketomet pro\u00a0<\/span>pad\u011blky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>propagandu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ringier\u00a0<\/span>-Verlag<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a \u201eBlick\u201c p\u0159itahovaly pozornost b\u011bhem koronavirov\u00e9 katastrofy zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b\u00a0<\/span>provl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u017eurnalistikou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a radik\u00e1ln\u00edmi hesly (\u201esolidarita s neo\u010dkovan\u00fdmi je u konce\u201c).\u00a0Ringier\u00a0<\/span>spolupracuje s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm Springer-Verlag, jeho\u017e firemn\u00ed politika\u00a0<\/span><\/a>stanov\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201epodporu transatlantick\u00e9 aliance\u201c\u00a0.\u00a0V kv\u011btnu 2022 Blick exkluzivn\u011b zve\u0159ejnil\u00a0<\/span>fale\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o \u00fadajn\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch zv\u011brstvech na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e v b\u0159eznu 2022\u00a0vyzval<\/a>\u00a0vydavatel\u00a0<\/span>CH Media<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(Aargauer Zeitung, Watson, Tele Z\u00fcri, Tele B\u00e4rn atd.) k opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, dod\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce zbran\u00ed a neb\u00e1t se jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0V hipstersk\u00e9m m\u00e9diu Watson p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mlad\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i m\u011bkk\u00e9 PR \u010dl\u00e1nky, zat\u00edmco tvrdou propagandu NATO\u00a0kupuj\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u00e9dia nebo\u00a0<\/a>p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a>\u00a070let\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd k\u016f\u0148\u00a0.\u00a0V roce 2015 Watson omylem zkop\u00edroval kritick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o syrsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce z Infosperberu \u2013 b\u011bhem dvou dn\u016f byl\u00a0smaz\u00e1n<\/a>\u00a0a autor byl ura\u017een jako \u201ePutin troll\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve\u00a0<\/span>Schweizer Fernsehen referuje o Ukrajin\u011b korespondent z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy, kter\u00fd d\u0159\u00edve\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>pracoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pro m\u00e9dium CIA \u201eR\u00e1dio Svobodn\u00e1 Evropa\u201c\u00a0, zat\u00edmco v 10vor10 moderuje \u201eMlad\u00fd v\u016fdce\u201c z Americk\u00e9 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 nadace\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Rundschau\u00a0<\/span>zalo\u017een\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Bilderbergerem z \u201erusk\u00e9 propagandy\u201c varuje.\u00a0<\/span>Ji\u017e v roce 2016 studie SPR uk\u00e1zala, jak SRF klame<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u00e9 div\u00e1ky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch manipula\u010dn\u00edch technik, v\u010detn\u011b jemn\u00e9 stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 hudby\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve\u00a0<\/span>\u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9m r\u00e1diu ochotn\u00e9ho poslucha\u010de\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>informuje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0diplomatick\u00fd zpravodaj\u00a0, kter\u00fd byl ji\u017e v 90. letech pro vstup \u0160v\u00fdcarska do NATO.\u00a0Kdo se bude cht\u00edt obr\u00e1tit se st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed na\u00a0<\/span>ombudsmana<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, nedostane\u00a0<\/span>nic<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, proto\u017ee podle toho nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky SRF do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konflikt\u016f \u201eani neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed, ani vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokonce i \u00fadajn\u011b \u201elev\u00e1 alternativa\u201c\u00a0<\/span>WOZ<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a zv\u00eddav\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>republika<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0jsou z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u011b v souladu s transatlantickou lini\u00ed NATO v geopolitick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, jak je\u00a0vysv\u011btleno v \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>\u201eWOZ a sv\u011btov\u00e1 politika\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201eRepublika a imp\u00e9rium\u201c .<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed musela p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety zablokovat nebo omezit<\/a>\u00a0\u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>f\u00f3ra<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0na t\u00e9mata souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s Ruskem kv\u016fli \u00fadajn\u00fdm \u201ePutinov\u00fdm troll\u016fm\u201c\u00a0\u2013 ve skute\u010dnosti to byli zjevn\u011b dob\u0159e informovan\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed rychle vyvr\u00e1tili propagandu NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu a tam se ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch objev\u00ed zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd report\u00e9r<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd ji\u017e poskytl \u201edobr\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy\u201c o syrsk\u00fdch rebelech a pro kter\u00e9ho neutralita \u201enep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dv\u011b\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdjimky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0jsou levicov\u00fd, pacifistick\u00fd\u00a0Infosperber\u00a0<\/a><\/span>a<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0konzervativn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Weltwoche<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0vypukla v\u00e1lka a okam\u017eit\u011b se stal po\u017e\u00e1rem.\u00a0Novin\u00e1\u0159 pot\u00e9 zalo\u017eil \u0161v\u00fdcarskou platformu\u00a0GlobalBridge,<\/a>\u00a0kter\u00e1 se specializuje na geopolitiku .<\/span><\/p>\n

Bystr\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd se nechce nechat zm\u00e1st propagandou m\u00e9di\u00ed v souladu s NATO a hled\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>jin\u00e9 alternativy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt aktualizovan\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>medi\u00e1ln\u00ed navig\u00e1tor SPR<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nebo si ud\u011blat p\u0159edstavu o samotn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech pomoc\u00ed origin\u00e1ln\u00edho video materi\u00e1lu a\u00a0<\/span>v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. anal\u00fdza<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Rostouc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>online cenzura<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0se d\u00e1 obej\u00edt i\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi\u00a0<\/span>triky .\u00a0<\/span><\/a>M\u011bli bychom si v\u0161ak\u00a0d\u00e1vat pozor i na skute\u010dnou\u00a0<\/a><\/span>ruskou propagandu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsko v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 svou historicky ov\u011b\u0159enou neutralitu \u2013 riskantn\u00ed a kr\u00e1tkozrakou strategii, kter\u00e1 by se mohla pomst\u00edt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rusk\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nebo rusk\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017eky a kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 znemo\u017e\u0148uje diplomatickou zprost\u0159edkovatelskou roli.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti by byl \u201e\u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd model\u201c s federalismem, mnohojazy\u010dnost\u00ed a neutralitou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jedin\u00fdm sch\u016fdn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm i pro Ukrajinu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch o tom ale nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nic neusly\u0161\u00edte.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>P\u0159\u00edloha<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia v transatlantick\u00e9 s\u00edti (\u00a0<\/span>\u010dt\u011bte v\u00edce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia: Transatlantick\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/a>Viz tak\u00e9<\/span><\/h4>\n