{"id":22730,"date":"2023-02-12T01:05:48","date_gmt":"2023-02-12T00:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=22730"},"modified":"2023-02-11T17:32:42","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T16:32:42","slug":"neuspechy-sankci-se-hromadi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/02\/12\/neuspechy-sankci-se-hromadi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ne\u00fasp\u011bchy sankc\u00ed se hromad\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce m\u011bly Rusko \u201ezruinovat\u201c nejen ekonomicky, ale i technologicky \u2013 podle zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ministryn\u011b zahrani\u010d\u00ed Annaleny Baerbock.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kaz dod\u00e1vek elektroniky m\u011bl\u00a0<\/span>ochromit<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rusk\u00fd zbrojn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl.\u00a0Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di se m\u00fdlili i v t\u011bch nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch faktech.\u00a0Jak je nyn\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u201eizolovan\u00e9mu\u201c Rusku se poda\u0159ilo obej\u00edt sankce uvalen\u00e9 USA v technologick\u00e9m sektoru.\u00a0Rusko nav\u00edc dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce mikro\u010dip\u016f a polovodi\u010d\u016f ne\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA a EU mimo jin\u00e9 zak\u00e1zaly dod\u00e1vky mikro\u010dip\u016f a polovodi\u010d\u016f do Ruska, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je p\u0159ipravily o \u201e70 procent\u201c jejich dovozu.\u00a0Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed firmy v sektoru, jako Intel, AMD, tchajwansk\u00fd \u010dipov\u00fd gigant TSMC a Nexperia z Nizozemska, p\u0159estaly v Rusku podnikat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ze dne na den.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na konci b\u0159ezna americk\u00fd prezident Biden\u00a0<\/span>sebev\u011bdom\u011b ozn\u00e1mil<\/span><\/a> , \u017ee Rusko ji\u017e nebude \u201eschopno p\u0159estav\u011bt ty ni\u010div\u00e9 zbra\u0148ov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my\u201c a je na cest\u011b zp\u011bt \u201edo 19. stolet\u00ed\u201c v d\u016fsledku rusk\u00e9 operace na Ukrajin\u011b, zat\u00edmco USA Ministryn\u011b obchodu Gina Raimondo uvedla: \u201eM\u00e1me zpr\u00e1vy od Ukrajinc\u016f, \u017ee kdy\u017e najdou na zemi rusk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, je pln\u00e9 polovodi\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyt\u00e1hli z my\u010dek n\u00e1dob\u00ed a ledni\u010dek\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Raimondo vystoupila na sly\u0161en\u00ed v Sen\u00e1tu\u00a0<\/span>v kv\u011btnu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a poznamenala, \u017ee se ned\u00e1vno setkala s ukrajinsk\u00fdm premi\u00e9rem.\u00a0\u201eNa\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem bylo odep\u0159\u00edt Rusku technologii \u2013 technologii, kter\u00e1 by ochromila jejich schopnost pokra\u010dovat ve vojensk\u00e9 operaci.\u00a0A to je p\u0159esn\u011b to, co d\u011bl\u00e1me.“<\/span><\/p>\n

A v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Evropsk\u00e9 komise Ursula von der Leyenov\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>vzdorovit\u011b ozn\u00e1mila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee rusk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl je v trosk\u00e1ch.\u00a0\u201eRusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da odeb\u00edr\u00e1 \u010dipy z my\u010dek n\u00e1dob\u00ed a ledni\u010dek na opravu sv\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed, proto\u017ee jim doch\u00e1zej\u00ed polovodi\u010de.\u00a0Rusk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl je v trosk\u00e1ch,\u201c prohl\u00e1sila v projevu v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tot\u00e1ln\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed Z\u00e1padu p\u0159edpov\u00eddat v\u00fdsledky<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ale to rusk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky nikdy d\u011blat nemusely, jak je nyn\u00ed evidentn\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>N\u011bmeck\u00fd t\u00fdden\u00edk Zeit<\/span><\/em>\u00a0s odkazem na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu\u00a0uvedl, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce nijak nesn\u00ed\u017eily rusk\u00fd dovoz elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek \u2013 naopak: Rusko dovezlo v roce 2022 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce procesor\u016f a polovodi\u010d\u016f ne\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou.\u00a0Celkov\u011b se dovoz v tomto segmentu zv\u00fd\u0161il z 1,8 miliardy eur na 2,45 miliardy eur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho rusk\u00fd dovoz meziro\u010dn\u011b klesl o pouh\u00fdch 16 procent.\u00a0To potvrdil i americk\u00fd ekonom a obh\u00e1jce sankc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Matthew Klein<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Podle jeho propo\u010dt\u016f byl rusk\u00fd dovoz v listopadu jen 15 procent pod m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brem roku 2021. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2022, kr\u00e1tce po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed rusk\u00e9 operace, z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u201eexperti\u201c o\u010dek\u00e1vali propad minim\u00e1ln\u011b o 30 a\u017e 40 procent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za to, \u017ee Rusko dok\u00e1zalo sankce obej\u00edt, vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme zem\u00edm jako \u010c\u00edna, Turecko nebo Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 rychle zaplnily mezery po z\u00e1padn\u00edch korporac\u00edch.\u00a0Funguj\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako m\u00edsto pro rusk\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkovatele, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed technologie od schr\u00e1nkov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 si Rusov\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, aby zaplnili mezery, kter\u00e9 vznikly v d\u016fsledku sankc\u00ed a sta\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch korporac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

MMF o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 ekonomika poroste<\/span><\/h2>\n

A\u017e doned\u00e1vna Z\u00e1pad pochyboval, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>rusk\u00e1 ekonomika<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159e\u017eije pod sankcemi, ale Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond (MMF) nyn\u00ed zn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>optimisti\u010dt\u011bji<\/span><\/a> ne\u017e dokonce sama rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. MMF, zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi chmurn\u00fdmi progn\u00f3zami, p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee rusk\u00fd HDP letos vzroste.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdaleka nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obchodn\u00edm partnerem Ruska je \u010c\u00edna.\u00a0Celkov\u011b vzrostl dovoz z \u010c\u00edny o 13 procent v roce 2022. Mnoho z\u00e1padn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed jako Apple nebo Ikea z\u00e1sobovalo rusk\u00fd trh je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se st\u00e1hly.\u00a0Toto rozhodnut\u00ed odej\u00edt by mohlo b\u00fdt kompenzov\u00e1no.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nyn\u00ed dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu nov\u00fdch aut a chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f, po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 techniky, jako jsou stavebn\u00ed stroje a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed auta.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u00fdvoz n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel z \u010c\u00edny v roce 2022 v\u00edce ne\u017e ztrojn\u00e1sobil, zat\u00edmco dovoz stavebn\u00edch stroj\u016f se zdvojn\u00e1sobil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z rusk\u00e9ho pohledu jsou v\u0161ak dovozy mikro\u010dip\u016f.\u00a0Spolu s Hongkongem \u010c\u00edna v roce 2022 dodala sv\u00e9mu sousedovi polovodi\u010de v hodnot\u011b 900 milion\u016f dolar\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobek oproti roku 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce m\u011bly Rusko \u201ezruinovat\u201c nejen ekonomicky, ale i technologicky \u2013 podle zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16688,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[22,125,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22730"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22730"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22730\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22731,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22730\/revisions\/22731"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}