{"id":22590,"date":"2023-02-09T10:42:28","date_gmt":"2023-02-09T09:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=22590"},"modified":"2023-02-09T11:13:26","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T10:13:26","slug":"scott-ritter-pravda-o-tancich-jak-nato-lhalo-ke-sve-zkaze-na-ukrajine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/02\/09\/scott-ritter-pravda-o-tancich-jak-nato-lhalo-ke-sve-zkaze-na-ukrajine\/","title":{"rendered":"Scott Ritter: Pravda o tanc\u00edch! Jak NATO lhalo ke sv\u00e9 zk\u00e1ze na Ukrajin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tankov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka se vyvinula.\u00a0Hlavn\u00ed tankov\u00e9 bitvy, kter\u00e9 byly charakteristick\u00fdm znakem velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a arabsko-izraelsk\u00fdch konflikt\u016f a kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily jako z\u00e1klad pro opera\u010dn\u00ed doktr\u00ednu NATO i Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu (a byly pln\u011b implementov\u00e1ny Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty b\u011bhem operace Pou\u0161tn\u00ed bou\u0159e v roce 1991), m\u011bli sv\u016fj den.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako u v\u011bt\u0161iny inovac\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed byla schopnost p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt modern\u00ed hlavn\u00ed bitevn\u00ed tank p\u0159ekon\u00e1na v\u00fdvojem obrann\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9 obrany.\u00a0Pokud by se modern\u00ed s\u00edla pokusila zah\u00e1jit tot\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatok s p\u0159evahou tank\u016f proti dob\u0159e vybaven\u00e9mu protivn\u00edkovi vyzbrojen\u00e9mu modern\u00edmi protitankov\u00fdmi st\u0159elami ve v\u00fd\u0161i o\u010d\u00ed, v\u00fdsledkem by byla rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eka pro \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed stranu, poznamenanou kou\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi troskami. vyho\u0159el\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nech\u00e1pejte m\u011b \u0161patn\u011b, tanky st\u00e1le hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli na modern\u00edm boji\u0161ti.\u00a0Jejich status mobiln\u00edch bunkr\u016f je neoceniteln\u00fd pro druh atri\u010dn\u00edch konflikt\u016f, kter\u00e9 formuj\u00ed sou\u010dasnou f\u00e1zi rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch pozemn\u00edch boj\u016f.\u00a0Rychlost a panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a hlavn\u00ed d\u011blo tanku z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednou z nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zbran\u00ed na modern\u00edm boji\u0161ti.<\/p>\n

Nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak modern\u00ed tank funguje jako sou\u010d\u00e1st kombinovan\u00e9ho zbrojn\u00edho t\u00fdmu, podporovan\u00e9ho lafetovanou a nesenou p\u011bchotou a velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm podp\u016frn\u00fdch zbran\u00ed (d\u011blost\u0159electvo a leteck\u00e1 podpora).\u00a0Pokud je v\u0161ak tank provozov\u00e1n izolovan\u011b, je jen drahou mobiln\u00ed rakv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mnoho bylo naps\u00e1no o ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m rozhodnut\u00ed NATO a jeho spojenc\u016f dod\u00e1vat z\u00e1padn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed bojov\u00e9 tanky Ukrajin\u011b.\u00a0Samostatnou ot\u00e1zkou jsou politick\u00e9 aspekty tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed.\u00a0Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 praktick\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed, tj. zda byly vojensk\u00e9 schopnosti Ukrajiny pos\u00edleny nasazen\u00edm t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch zbra\u0148ov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

K zodpov\u011bzen\u00ed t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky je t\u0159eba prozkoumat t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed aspekty: v\u00fdcvik, logistickou udr\u017eitelnost a opera\u010dn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdcvik<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdcvik \u010dlena americk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky M1 Abrams trv\u00e1 22 t\u00fddn\u016f.\u00a0Tento v\u00fdcvik d\u00e1v\u00e1 voj\u00e1kovi pouze z\u00e1kladn\u00ed dovednosti, aby byl opera\u010dn\u00ed.\u00a0Skute\u010dn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed odbornosti lze dos\u00e1hnout pouze b\u011bhem m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ne-li let, dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku nejen pro samotn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ale pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v podobn\u011b vycvi\u010den\u00e9m t\u00fdmu kombinovan\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.\u00a0Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, ani ukrajinsk\u00e1 tankov\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka zku\u0161en\u00e1 v zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se sov\u011btsk\u00fdmi tanky T-72 nebo T-64 nebude schopna okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ej\u00edt na z\u00e1padn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed bojov\u00fd tank.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b pos\u00e1dku sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho tanku tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u0159i lid\u00e9, co\u017e je d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee sov\u011btsk\u00e9 tanky jsou vybaveny automatick\u00fdm nakl\u00e1dac\u00edm mechanismem.\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00ed tanky maj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i \u010dleny pos\u00e1dky, proto\u017ee hlavn\u00ed tankov\u00e9 d\u011blo se nab\u00edj\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b.\u00a0P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se t\u00e9to dynamice vy\u017eaduje \u010das a vy\u017eaduje rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd tr\u00e9nink.<\/p>\n

\u0160kolen\u00ed je drah\u00e9.\u00a0NATO v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b poskytuje Ukrajin\u011b t\u0159i typy z\u00e1padn\u00edch hlavn\u00edch bojov\u00fdch tank\u016f: britsk\u00fd Challenger 2, n\u011bmeck\u00fd Leopard 2 a americk\u00fd M1A2.\u00a0Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdcvikov\u00fd kurz \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00fd tank vy\u017eaduje sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fd pl\u00e1n, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159enositeln\u00fd do jin\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Decentralizovan\u00e9 tr\u00e9ninkov\u00e9 procesy vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 t\u00edmto nesourod\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem podporuj\u00ed neefektivitu a vedou k nesrovnalostem ve v\u00fdsledc\u00edch \u2013 jedna pos\u00e1dka nen\u00ed stejn\u00e1 jako druh\u00e1, co\u017e se d\u011bje v boji, kde jednotky maj\u00ed b\u00fdt zam\u011bniteln\u00e9, aby dosahovaly p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed v\u011bci b\u00fdt rovn\u00fd z\u016fstat, je obvykle fat\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

D\u016fraz kladen\u00fd na rychl\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky nav\u00edc tyto probl\u00e9my jen prohlubuje.\u00a0Realita je takov\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdcvikov\u00e9 programy vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 a implementovan\u00e9 n\u00e1rody poskytuj\u00edc\u00edmi tanky nespl\u0148uj\u00ed tento \u00fakol, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee \u0161patn\u011b vycvi\u010den\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky vyzbrojen\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u011b sofistikovan\u00fdmi zbra\u0148ov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my v nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b jdou po tanku \u2013 po zuby. rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da navr\u017een\u00e1 a vybaven\u00e1 ke zni\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u011bchto tank\u016f.<\/p>\n

Logistick\u00e1 udr\u017eitelnost<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tanky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi technicky nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbra\u0148ov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my na modern\u00edm boji\u0161ti.\u00a0Neust\u00e1le jsou poruchov\u00fd, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud nejsou spr\u00e1vn\u011b udr\u017eov\u00e1ny. M1 Abrams vy\u017eaduje t\u0159i hodiny \u00fadr\u017eby za ka\u017edou hodinu provozu n\u00e1dr\u017ee.\u00a0Tento probl\u00e9m se zhor\u0161uje v bitv\u011b.<\/p>\n

Typicky je tankov\u00e1 jednotka osazena vysoce specializovan\u00fdmi t\u00fdmy organick\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017eby, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou opravit v\u011bt\u0161inu drobn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou tank vyhodit z dr\u00e1hy.\u00a0Vzhledem k po\u017eadavk\u016fm na \u0161kolen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vy\u0161kolit kvalitn\u00ed mechaniky, je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by Ukrajin\u011b byl poskytnut tento typ podpory \u00fadr\u017eby.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tanky poskytnut\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b budou muset b\u00fdt vr\u00e1ceny zem\u00edm NATO k rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm oprav\u00e1m techniky po\u0161kozen\u00e9 prost\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm nebo bojem.\u00a0Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed bojov\u00fd tank v ukrajinsk\u00fdch rukou sel\u017ee b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho nasazen\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee celkov\u00fd po\u010det tank\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 Ukrajina k dispozici, bude mnohem men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po\u010det nasazen\u00fdch tank\u016f.<\/p>\n

Provozn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed velitel ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, gener\u00e1l Valerij Zalu\u017enyj, minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc \u0159ekl The Economist, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuje 300 tank\u016f, 500 bojov\u00fdch vozidel p\u011bchoty a 500 d\u011bl, pokud m\u00e1 m\u00edt n\u011bjakou \u0161anci porazit Rusko.<\/p>\n

Po setk\u00e1n\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed skupiny Ramstein dne 20. ledna a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch diskus\u00edch o poskytnut\u00ed tank\u016f se NATO a jeho spojenci dohodli na dod\u00e1vce m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 % po\u017eadovan\u00fdch tank\u016f, m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 % po\u017eadovan\u00fdch IFV a m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20 % dodaj\u00ed vy\u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159electvo.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho je harmonogram dod\u00e1vek tohoto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nekonzistentn\u011b rozlo\u017een na obdob\u00ed mnoha m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku.\u00a0To nejen komplikuje ji\u017e tak pro Ukrajinu nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky v\u00fdcviku a logistick\u00e9 udr\u017eitelnosti, ale tak\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 znemo\u017e\u0148uje jak\u00e9koli smyslupln\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o integraci tohoto materi\u00e1lu do koherentn\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu operac\u00ed.\u00a0Ukrajina bude zkr\u00e1tka nucena poskytnutou techniku \u200b\u200b\u2013 zejm\u00e9na tanky \u2013 zav\u00e1d\u011bt do boje jen po kousc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Pravdou o tanc\u00edch je, \u017ee NATO a jeho spojenci oslabuj\u00ed, nikoli posiluj\u00ed Ukrajinu t\u00edm, \u017ee j\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 komplikovan\u00e9 na provoz, mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 na \u00fadr\u017ebu a kter\u00e9 nelze p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, pokud nejsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny soudr\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a podporov\u00e1ny rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi partne\u0159i v kombinovan\u00fdch zbran\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Rozhodnut\u00ed vybavit Ukrajinu z\u00e1padn\u00edmi hlavn\u00edmi bojov\u00fdmi tanky je skute\u010dn\u00fdm sebevra\u017eedn\u00fdm paktem, kter\u00fd by ti, kdo tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed na mysli z\u00e1jmy Ukrajiny, m\u011bli p\u0159ehodnotit, ne\u017e bude p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tankov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka se vyvinula.\u00a0Hlavn\u00ed tankov\u00e9 bitvy, kter\u00e9 byly charakteristick\u00fdm znakem velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[39,1549,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22590"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22590"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22590\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}