{"id":2063,"date":"2021-05-29T05:09:12","date_gmt":"2021-05-29T03:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=2063"},"modified":"2021-05-29T05:09:12","modified_gmt":"2021-05-29T03:09:12","slug":"o-piratske-dani-a-mizeni-nekonkurenceschopnych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/05\/29\/o-piratske-dani-a-mizeni-nekonkurenceschopnych\/","title":{"rendered":"O pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 dani a mizen\u00ed nekonkurenceschopn\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Jsou spole\u010dnosti a organizace, ve kter\u00fdch se sign\u00e1l ztr\u00e1c\u00ed. V p\u0159edstavenstvu t\u0159eba schv\u00e1l\u00ed program \u201efirma vl\u00eddn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm.\u201c \u0158editel marketingu je vylo\u017een\u011b nad\u0161en\u00fd. \u0158editel\u00e9 pobo\u010dek projevuj\u00ed o n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b nad\u0161en\u00ed, jednotliv\u00ed vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b\u2026 a kdy\u017e z\u00e1kazn\u00edk p\u0159ijde na p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eku, nev\u0161imne si \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho rozd\u00edlu.<\/b><\/p>\n

V jin\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch je tomu ale p\u0159esn\u011b naopak. Ve veden\u00ed organizace zazn\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 heslo, horliv\u00ed pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed to pojmou velmi radik\u00e1ln\u011b, jejich pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zajdou je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l\u2026 zkr\u00e1tka, vztahy funguj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 jako zesilova\u010d.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak\u00e9 povahov\u00e9 rysy p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed, jak\u00e9 je celkov\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed vztah\u016f, jak\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed je odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1no, a mo\u017en\u00e1 i na mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch aspektech.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e rodinn\u00e9 domky<\/b><\/p>\n

Proto je dobr\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b poslouchat Pir\u00e1ty. Ne kv\u016fli jejich n\u00e1zor\u016fm. Beztak \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed, nejedn\u00e1-li se o kvalitu l\u00e1tek ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch v\u011bdom\u00ed (a mo\u017en\u00e1 ani tam ne). Ale proto, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eou velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b zachytit n\u00e1lady, z\u00e1m\u011bry a chut\u011b kohokoliv mocn\u00e9ho v Bruselu, Washingtonu a Berl\u00edn\u011b, a zes\u00edlit je tak, abychom l\u00e9pe rozum\u011bli. Jemn\u00fd mikrofon a v\u00fdkonn\u00fd reproduktor.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se tedy ned\u00e1vno mluvilo o radik\u00e1ln\u00edm zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u011b z nemovitosti, nebylo to jen pl\u00e1cnut\u00ed do vody. Nebylo to ani vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v opilosti nebo zoufal\u00fd v\u00fdk\u0159ik n\u011bkoho, kdo nutn\u011b pot\u0159ebuje zv\u00fd\u0161it da\u0148ov\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy za ka\u017edou cenu. M\u016f\u017eeme to \u010d\u00edst sp\u00ed\u0161e jako vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1zoru p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho mezi dr\u017eiteli finan\u010dn\u00ed a politick\u00e9 moci. V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee STAN ani Demoblok nijak neprotestovaly.<\/p>\n

To nemus\u00ed znamenat, \u017ee jsou ji\u017e vypracov\u00e1ny konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny. Sta\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee logika situace k takov\u00e9mu opat\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uje. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je vydrancovan\u00e1. Podniky jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b v zahrani\u010dn\u00edch rukou nebo jsou v roli subdodavatel\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00edch korporac\u00ed. I surovinov\u00e9 zdroje u\u017e fakticky byly vyvlastn\u011bny do ciziny. Dom\u00e1c\u00edm u\u017e nepat\u0159\u00ed ani zna\u010dka \u0160koda nebo hora \u0158\u00edp. Ani zadlu\u017een\u00ed nelze zvy\u0161ovat donekone\u010dna. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 vlastn\u011b jedno jedin\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e1 hodnota \u2013 miliony rodinn\u00fdch domk\u016f, vil a byt\u016f. Bylo jen ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu, kdy dojde i na n\u011b. Ano, d\u00e1 se \u010dekat lidov\u00fd odpor. Ale po \u010dem jin\u00e9m s\u00e1hnout, kdy\u017e nic jin\u00e9ho nezb\u00fdv\u00e1?<\/p>\n

Do \u010deho jin\u00e9ho investovat?<\/b><\/p>\n

Lze si snadno p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee da\u0148 z nemovitosti bude d\u011blat n\u011bjak\u00fdch 3 \u2013 20 tis\u00edc korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. Ob\u010das se stane, \u017ee n\u011bkdo nebude schopen da\u0148 platit, dluh se bude vr\u0161it a nakonec dojde na exekuci. Ide\u00e1ln\u011b bez \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch velk\u00fdch vln, kter\u00e9 by vzbudily pozornost a byly n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na administrativn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdo by nab\u00edzen\u00e9 nemovitosti kupoval? I to se r\u00fdsuje celkem jasn\u011b. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky pumpuj\u00ed do ekonomik obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz, kter\u00e9 jejich vlastn\u00edci nemaj\u00ed za co utr\u00e1cet. Jak napsala Ilona \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e1 v knize P\u0159elom, rostou vlastn\u011b u\u017e jenom bubliny, o kter\u00fdch v\u0161ichni v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee jednou prasknou. Akcie, bitcoiny, staro\u017eitnosti\u2026 A tady je mo\u017en\u00e9 nakupovat n\u011bco, co m\u00e1 skute\u010dnou hodnotu. Pozemky, domy, byty.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se to \u0161ikovn\u011b nastav\u00ed, nemus\u00ed to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd velk\u00fd rozruch vzbudit. Da\u0148 bude zvy\u0161ov\u00e1na postupn\u011b, tak\u017ee s ka\u017ed\u00fdm n\u00e1r\u016fstem se lid\u00e9 sm\u00ed\u0159\u00ed. V\u0161ichni budou tak n\u011bjak tu\u0161it, k \u010demu to sm\u011b\u0159uje. Ale ztrat\u00ed se to mezi tis\u00edcovkou jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi jsou lid\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b nespokojeni. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v mraku fantazijn\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o tom, jak se rodina Rockefeller\u016f koupe v podzemn\u00edch jeskyn\u00edch v krvi unesen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Kdo je\u0161t\u011b dok\u00e1\u017ee rozli\u0161it, co je pravda a co ne? A kdo m\u00e1 energii ka\u017edou jednotlivost prov\u011b\u0159ovat? I velk\u00e9 ni\u010demnosti mohou z\u016fstat nepov\u0161imnuty.<\/p>\n

Ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed mus\u00ed zmizet<\/b><\/p>\n

Pro spole\u010dnost jako celek by to bylo nesm\u00edrn\u011b destruktivn\u00ed, a to z mnoha d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pokud se da\u0148 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 z odhadn\u00ed ceny nemovitosti, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 je schv\u00e1ln\u011b udr\u017euj\u00ed v dezol\u00e1tn\u00edm stavu, aby si sn\u00ed\u017eili da\u0148. Sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bychom se tak dostali do situace opa\u010dn\u00e9 hus\u00e1kovsk\u00e9mu obdob\u00ed, kdy byly investov\u00e1ny obrovsk\u00e9 (a nikde nezaznamenan\u00e9) prost\u0159edky do staveb a zvelebov\u00e1n\u00ed soukrom\u00fdch dom\u016f, chat a chalup. Tentokr\u00e1t by to bylo naopak.<\/p>\n

To nen\u00ed jen teoretick\u00e1 mo\u017enost. V t\u011bch st\u00e1tech USA, kde se da\u0148 z nemovitosti odvozuje od odhadn\u00ed ceny, k tomu skute\u010dn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed. Rodinn\u00fd domek hezky za\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd uvnit\u0159, ale s otlu\u010denou fas\u00e1dou a hromadou odpadk\u016f na zahrad\u011b \u2013 k tomu takov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vede.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je hlub\u0161\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Jak jsem se pokusil uk\u00e1zat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Prolomen\u00ed hradeb, ko\u0159enem sou\u010dasn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f je rozd\u011blen\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed do dvou soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vrstev, kter\u00e9 nesd\u00edlej\u00ed ani ty skute\u010dn\u011b nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnoty. To vede k podpo\u0159e masov\u00e9 migrace a islamizace, klimatick\u00e9ho \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed, nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch korporac\u00ed, genderov\u00e9ho feminismu a v\u0161eho ostatn\u00edho, co ohro\u017euje civilizaci. V USA postoupilo toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed mnohem d\u00e1l, a d\u016fvodem je pr\u00e1v\u011b da\u0148 z nemovitosti. Pokud zm\u011bn\u00edte pr\u00e1ci a m\u00e1te ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed plat, zjist\u00edte, \u017ee nem\u00e1te na da\u0148 z nemovitosti. Mus\u00edte ji rychle prodat a p\u0159est\u011bhovat se do skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dtvrti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd tak m\u00e1 sousedy v\u00fdhradn\u011b ze sv\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstvy. Po soci\u00e1ln\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1sleduje i pln\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed fyzick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d Jevany nejsou Hollywood<\/b><\/p>\n

Zkuste si n\u011bkdy zajet do Jevan, kde m\u011bli sv\u00e9 vily Karel Gott, Karel Svoboda, Michal David a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edlistopadov\u00e9 celebrity. Najdete tam n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 vily, jak\u00e9 by mohly st\u00e1t n\u011bkde v Kalifornii, a o p\u00e1r set metr\u016f d\u00e1l \u0159emeslnick\u00e9 dome\u010dky. V cel\u00e9 obci byla pouze jedna hospoda. Nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vid\u011bt, jak\u00fd to m\u00e1 dopad na vztahy mezi vrstvami.<\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m Hollywoodu nenajdete restauraci, kam by mohl zaj\u00edt na ob\u011bd stavebn\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edk, a mohl si to bez probl\u00e9m\u016f dovolit. Ale je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco tam chyb\u00ed. V \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed by byl mezi vily filmov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd ob\u010das vm\u00e1\u010dknut\u00fd mali\u010dk\u00fd domek. V n\u011bm by bydleli t\u0159eba \u00fadr\u017eb\u00e1\u0159 a prodava\u010dka, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee jejich prad\u011bde\u010dek postavil domek, kdy m\u00edsto je\u0161t\u011b nebylo boh\u00e1\u010dskou \u010dtvrt\u00ed. V Americe ale nemohu platit da\u0148 z nemovitosti vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jejich plat.<\/p>\n

Toto odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i vyh\u00e1n\u011bc\u00ed povahu. \u017dijete si ve sv\u00e9m byte\u010dku, developer ud\u011bl\u00e1 nov\u00fd projekt ve va\u0161\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti, ceny nemovitost\u00ed stoupnou a v\u00e1m p\u0159ijde slo\u017eenka na dvojn\u00e1sobnou da\u0148 z nemovitosti ne\u017e dosud.<\/p>\n

Trend fyzick\u00e9ho odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vrstev se projevuje i v \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale hlavn\u011b u nov\u00fdch projekt\u016f. Nast\u011bhovat se pochopiteln\u011b mohou jen ti, kdo na to maj\u00ed. A pravideln\u00e9 hypot\u00e9\u010dn\u00ed spl\u00e1tky po dobu n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek let zajist\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zchudnut\u00ed budou muset pry\u010d. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pohyb je pomal\u00fd a postupn\u00fd. Zaveden\u00ed vysok\u00e9 dan\u011b odvozen\u00e9 od tr\u017en\u00ed hodnoty nemovitosti by jej v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychlilo.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed podce\u0148ovan\u00fd aspekt spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee ceny nemovitost\u00ed rostou rychleji ne\u017e celkov\u00e1 inflace a zcela jist\u011b rychleji ne\u017e platy. Vznikl by tedy automatick\u00fd mechanismus na zb\u00edda\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok by po zdan\u011bn\u00ed zb\u00fdvalo m\u00e9n\u011b a m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n

O \u010dem by se m\u011blo diskutovat<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u00e1loco je pro spole\u010dnost tak destruktivn\u00ed jako da\u0148 z nemovitosti odvozen\u00e1 od tr\u017en\u00ed hodnoty. Minim\u00e1ln\u011b v na\u0161em prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Lze si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee v n\u011bjak\u00fdch \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fdch pom\u011brech a za jinak nastaven\u00fdch podm\u00ednek by to mohl b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj. To ale nen\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p>\n

To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by nebyla spousta probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 volaj\u00ed po \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Bylo by skv\u011bl\u00e9, kdyby se na\u0161el zp\u016fsob, jak lidi motivovat, aby bydleli p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b. Aby se star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 st\u011bhovali do men\u0161\u00edho a velk\u00e9 byty p\u0159enech\u00e1vali rodin\u00e1m s d\u011btmi. Je tu ot\u00e1zka vylou\u010den\u00fdch lokalit a vylid\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. I pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 byty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed u\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b zastavit prodej nemovitost\u00ed lidem bez st\u00e1tn\u00edho ob\u010danstv\u00ed. Pokud to nejde p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem, tak to obej\u00edt byrokratickou \u0161ikanou.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho by bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt debatu o dan\u00edch, kter\u00e1 vlastn\u011b neprob\u011bhla za cel\u00fdch 30 let. Na koho m\u00e1 b\u00fdt uvaleno da\u0148ov\u00e9 b\u0159emeno? Maj\u00ed platit jenom velmi bohat\u00ed nebo v\u0161ichni? Jak maj\u00ed b\u00fdt povinnosti rozd\u011bleny? Od jak\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 struktura dan\u00ed odrazovat? Jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 naopak podporovat? Jen\u017ee m\u00edsto debaty m\u00e1me ob\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdk\u0159iky typu \u201eka\u017ed\u00e9 zdan\u011bn\u00ed je kr\u00e1de\u017e\u201c, a da\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je extr\u00e9mn\u011b nespravedliv\u00fd ((vysok\u00e9 zdan\u011bn\u00ed chud\u00fdch, n\u00edzk\u00e9 zdan\u011bn\u00ed bohat\u00fdch) a z\u00e1rove\u0148 extr\u00e9mn\u011b neefektivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee to je p\u0159esn\u011b to, co od Pir\u00e1t\u016f ani Demobloku \u010dekat nem\u016f\u017eeme.<\/p>\n

Pro naprostou v\u011bt\u0161inu ve\u0159ejnosti by to m\u011blo b\u00fdt p\u0159ipomenut\u00edm, \u017ee re\u017eim, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eijeme, nen\u00ed jen dal\u0161\u00ed variantou toho, co bylo p\u0159ed listopadem. \u017de tentokr\u00e1t u\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 odk\u00fdvat ideologick\u00e9 fr\u00e1ze, odb\u00fdt si formality, s p\u00e1r p\u0159\u00e1teli si n\u011bkam zal\u00e9zt, a tam si \u017e\u00edt po sv\u00e9m. Tohle je jin\u00fd sek\u00e1\u010d. Z toho se jen tak nevy\u0161vejkujeme.<\/p>\n

Petr Hampl<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jsou spole\u010dnosti a organizace, ve kter\u00fdch se sign\u00e1l ztr\u00e1c\u00ed. V p\u0159edstavenstvu t\u0159eba schv\u00e1l\u00ed program \u201efirma…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1297,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[236,482,90,137],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2063"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2063"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2063\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}