{"id":20391,"date":"2022-12-28T06:29:09","date_gmt":"2022-12-28T05:29:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=20391"},"modified":"2022-12-28T06:29:09","modified_gmt":"2022-12-28T05:29:09","slug":"zahadna-vlna-narusila-zemskou-magnetosferu-a-na-hodiny-vystavila-planetu-nebezpecnemu-zareni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/12\/28\/zahadna-vlna-narusila-zemskou-magnetosferu-a-na-hodiny-vystavila-planetu-nebezpecnemu-zareni\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 vlna naru\u0161ila zemskou magnetosf\u00e9ru a na hodiny vystavila planetu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 n\u00e1razov\u00e1 vlna naru\u0161ila v pond\u011bl\u00ed ve\u010der 19. prosince 2022 magnetosf\u00e9ru Zem\u011b.\u00a0Magnetosf\u00e9ra je oblast, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161i planetu p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u016fvod n\u00e1razov\u00e9 vlny nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m, astronomov\u00e9 si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z erupce energetick\u00e9ho a vysoce magnetizovan\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bp\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9ho plynu vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho ze Slunce, co\u017e se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 erupce koron\u00e1ln\u00ed hmoty (CME).<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle str\u00e1nky\u00a0<\/span>Space Weather<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(Vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed), erupce mohla poch\u00e1zet ze slune\u010dn\u00ed skvrny AR3165, kter\u00e1 14. prosince vyst\u0159elila do vesm\u00edru nejm\u00e9n\u011b osm slune\u010dn\u00edch erupc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily v\u00fdpadky proudu nad Atlantsk\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bdci zat\u00edm nebij\u00ed na poplach, trhlina v magnetosf\u00e9\u0159e mohla z\u016fstat otev\u0159ena cel\u00e9 hodiny a umo\u017enit proud\u011bn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru a\u017e na zemsk\u00fd povrch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Slune\u010dn\u00ed skvrnu bylo vid\u011bt 14. prosince sy\u010det a pot\u00e9 spustila v\u00fdbuch t\u0159\u00eddy M6, kter\u00fd zas\u00e1hl Zemi.\u00a0Erupce t\u0159\u00eddy M jsou klasifikov\u00e1ny jako st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti a mohou zp\u016fsobit kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 r\u00e1diov\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky, jak se to stalo nad Atlantikem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Observato\u0159 dynamiky Slunce (Solar Dynamics Observatory) N\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro letectv\u00ed a vesm\u00edr (NASA), co\u017e je satelitn\u00ed sonda analyzuj\u00edc\u00ed Slunce, zachytila \u200b\u200berupce ze slune\u010dn\u00ed skvrny \u2013 tmav\u00e9 oblasti chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povrchu, ze kter\u00e9 vyv\u011braj\u00ed proudy plazmy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ze slune\u010dn\u00ed skvrny byly pozorov\u00e1ny brilantn\u00ed z\u00e1blesky sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poslaly nar\u00e1zovou vlnu sm\u011brem k Zemi.\u00a0K \u0161okov\u00fdm vln\u00e1m doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e rychl\u00fd impuls slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru pronikne p\u0159es zaost\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00fd slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr.\u00a0Jsou tvo\u0159eny stla\u010den\u00fdmi a zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdmi plyny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Erupce koron\u00e1rn\u00ed hmoty mohou z povrchu Slunce vypudit miliardy tun koronov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.\u00a0Materi\u00e1l obsahuje plazmov\u00e1 a magnetick\u00e1 pole.\u00a0Tyto erupce maj\u00ed s\u00edlu zp\u016fsobit takzvan\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee zasahovat do satelit\u016f a energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed na Zemi a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 astronauty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zemsk\u00e1 magnetosf\u00e9ra se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v jej\u00edm magnetick\u00e9m poli, kter\u00e9 se t\u00e1hne tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f od povrchu Zem\u011b do vesm\u00edru.\u00a0Zemsk\u00fd magnetismus ovliv\u0148uje v\u0161e od celosv\u011btov\u00e9 komunikace po migraci zv\u00ed\u0159at a vzorce po\u010das\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Slunce p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do aktivn\u00edho obdob\u00ed sv\u00e9ho 11let\u00e9ho cyklu aktivity, kter\u00fd za\u010dal v roce 2019 a podle p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed dos\u00e1hne vrcholu v roce 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n

Slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce, co\u017e jsou v\u00fdbuchy elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edho se rychlost\u00ed sv\u011btla (na rozd\u00edl od erupc\u00ed koron\u00e1rn\u00ed hmoty, kter\u00e9 jsou mnohem pomalej\u0161\u00ed), se b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostanou na Zemi do osmi minut od objeven\u00ed ve slune\u010dn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed: Studie zachycuje\u00a0<\/span>\u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus slune\u010dn\u00edch erupc\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, ale jak erupce ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1s na Zemi?)<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou jsou erupce X, po kter\u00fdch n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed erupce t\u0159\u00eddy M, jak\u00e9 jsme vid\u011bli 14. prosince.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eT\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed M erupce: M6, M3 a M2 v\u0161echny z AR3165.\u00a0To je dnes zat\u00edm 8 erupc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy M. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed, bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se erupce X?\u00a0Sledujte n\u00e1s nad\u00e1le!\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0napsal sol\u00e1rn\u00ed fyzik Keith Strong na Twitteru.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1razov\u00e9 vlny by mohly spustit geomagnetickou bou\u0159i podobnou ud\u00e1losti Carrington<\/span><\/h2>\n

N\u00e1razov\u00e1 vlna, kter\u00e1 naru\u0161\u00ed zemskou magnetosf\u00e9ru, m\u016f\u017ee spustit geomagnetick\u00e9 bou\u0159e.\u00a0Tyto geomagnetick\u00e9 bou\u0159e mohou deformovat\u00a0<\/span>magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a zhroutit satelity sm\u011brem na planetu.\u00a0Mohou tak\u00e9 zni\u010dit elektrick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a vypnout internet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Geomagnetick\u00e9 bou\u0159e se vyskytuj\u00ed po slune\u010dn\u00ed erupci, pokud uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 energie ze Slunce dos\u00e1hnou prostoru kolem Zem\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed geomagnetickou bou\u0159\u00ed v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 historii byla Carringtonsk\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost v roce 1859, kter\u00e1 uvolnila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejnou energii jako 10 miliard jednomegatonov\u00fdch atomov\u00fdch bomb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po n\u00e1razu na Zemi siln\u00fd proud slune\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic sma\u017eil telegrafn\u00ed syst\u00e9my kolem zem\u011bkoule a vytvo\u0159il pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e jasn\u011bji ne\u017e sv\u011btlo M\u011bs\u00edce v \u00fapl\u0148ku, kter\u00e9 se objevily daleko na jihu, a\u017e v Karibiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud by k podobn\u00e9mu incidentu do\u0161lo dnes, varovali v\u011bdci, tak by zp\u016fsobil \u0161kody v hodnot\u011b bilion\u016f (tis\u00edce miliard) dolar\u016f, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky proudu a byly by ohro\u017eeny tis\u00edce \u017eivot\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

NASA ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee geomagnetick\u00e1 bou\u0159e v roce 1989 vyvrhla miliardu tun v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed oblak nabit\u00e9ho plynu, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil v\u00fdpadek proudu v cel\u00e9 kanadsk\u00e9 provincii Quebec.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h2>\n

Uvedeno nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt ani jen \u0161pi\u010dka ledovce toho, co je Slunce schopno zp\u016fsobit na Zemi.\u00a0V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 zkoumaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu s\u00e9rie neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch a masivn\u00edch skok\u016f v \u00farovn\u00edch radiace registrovan\u00fdch ve star\u00fdch letokruz\u00edch strom\u016f b\u011bhem cel\u00e9 historie Zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teorie \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee prudk\u00e9 n\u00e1r\u016fsty mohly poch\u00e1zet ze slune\u010dn\u00edch bou\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly a\u017e 80kr\u00e1t siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Carringtonsk\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sledujte str\u00e1nku\u00a0<\/span>Space.news<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kde naleznete dal\u0161\u00ed novinky o n\u00e1razov\u00fdch vln\u00e1ch a slune\u010dn\u00edch bou\u0159\u00edch.\u00a0Tak\u00e9 si prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte\u00a0<\/span>video<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u00ed\u017ee (v angli\u010dtin\u011b) a zjist\u011bte, jak by slune\u010dn\u00ed bou\u0159e mohla zni\u010dit sv\u011btov\u00fd internet:<\/span><\/p>\n