{"id":20166,"date":"2022-12-24T01:07:46","date_gmt":"2022-12-24T00:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=20166"},"modified":"2022-12-23T17:11:10","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T16:11:10","slug":"jak-a-proc-indie-manevruje-mezi-ruskem-a-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/12\/24\/jak-a-proc-indie-manevruje-mezi-ruskem-a-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak a pro\u010d Indie man\u00e9vruje mezi Ruskem a USA"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
Geopolitick\u00e1 role Indie v konfliktu mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem je velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 t\u00e9ma.\u00a0Zde ukazuji, jak\u00e9 motivy a z\u00e1jmy \u0159\u00edd\u00ed indickou politiku.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n

Z\u00e1pad se letos pokusil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e, aby z\u00edskal Indii pro protiruskou politiku.\u00a0V\u0161echny tyto pokusy byly ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, ned\u00e1vno se Annalena Baerbock b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy v Indii stala\u00a0<\/span>nepopul\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indick\u00fd korespondent rusk\u00e9 tiskov\u00e9 agentury TASS uvedl d\u016fvody indick\u00e9 politiky ve velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>anal\u00fdze<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kterou jsem p\u0159elo\u017eil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek p\u0159ekladu:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Mezi USA a Ruskem: \u201ekonstruktivn\u00ed neutralita\u201c Indie v konfliktu na Ukrajin\u011b<\/span><\/h3>\n

Neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed postoj Indie ke konfliktu na Ukrajin\u011b a demonstrativn\u00ed odm\u00edtnut\u00ed Dill\u00ed odsoudit Rusko vyvolaly kritiku ze strany Z\u00e1padu a sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 reakce uvnit\u0159 zem\u011b.\u00a0Navzdory tomu se indick\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b zat\u00edm da\u0159ilo dr\u017eet stranou d\u011bn\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b, ale nikdo nedok\u00e1\u017ee \u0159\u00edci, jak dlouho bude tato politika slou\u017eit jej\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Historick\u00fd nezarovnan\u00fd“<\/span><\/h4>\n

Tento postoj byl otev\u0159en\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159en na Valn\u00e9m shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN, kde se Indie na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b zdr\u017eela hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o rezoluc\u00edch odsuzuj\u00edc\u00edch Moskvu, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b v\u0161ak jej\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel ve sv\u00fdch projevech nikdy neunavil zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eby \u201erespektu\u201c. za \u00fazemn\u00ed integritu st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c a vyzval k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00edm, nikoli vojensk\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

V koment\u00e1\u0159i k postoji Dill\u00ed v rozhovoru pro TASS zdroj bl\u00edzk\u00fd indick\u00e9mu ministerstvu zahrani\u010d\u00ed uvedl, \u017ee j\u00e1drem \u201ekonstruktivn\u00ed neutrality\u201c je \u201epokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s Ruskem a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vol\u00e1n\u00ed po m\u00edru na Ukrajin\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento postoj p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 dnes ji\u017e zapomenut\u00fd pojem \u201eaktivn\u00ed neutrality\u201c, kter\u00fd Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvalo b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 neza\u0159azen\u00e9 \u00e9ry studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0Po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti na Brit\u00e1nii v roce 1947 to byla Indie, kdo spoluzalo\u017eil Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sdru\u017eovalo 120 n\u00e1rod\u016f, a koncept neanga\u017eovanosti se stal \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem indick\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

V Rashtrapati Bhavan (prezidentsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed) se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee d\u00edky t\u00e9to politice se zemi poda\u0159ilo rozvinout v\u00fdborn\u00e9 vztahy se SSSR, co\u017e Ind\u016fm pomohlo nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i diskuzi o Ka\u0161m\u00edru v r\u00e1mci Bezpe\u010dnosti OSN. Rady a realizovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 projekty pom\u00e1haly n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu hutnictv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm odv\u011btv\u00edm.\u00a0Ob\u011b zem\u011b tak\u00e9 rozvinuly \u00fazkou obrannou spolupr\u00e1ci: B\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byla Moskva hlavn\u00edm dodavatelem zbran\u00ed a obrann\u00e9 techniky pro Indii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u011b se vztahy s Washingtonem aktivn\u011b rozv\u00edjely, i kdy\u017e ne bez probl\u00e9m\u016f.\u00a0Jak poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed politick\u00fd pozorovatel, Indie se neust\u00e1le ozna\u010duje za p\u0159\u00edtele Moskvy, ale Indov\u00e9 jsou ochotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed j\u00edt do USA, kde je obrovsk\u00e1 indick\u00e1 komunita \u2013 a\u017e p\u011bt milion\u016f lid\u00ed \u2013 za obchodem nebo studiem. .\u00a0V roce 2021 \u010dinil obchod Indie s USA 113 miliard dolar\u016f, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s asi 13,6 miliardami dolar\u016f s Ruskem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee nikdo v Indii nen\u00ed ochoten riskovat vztahy s USA.\u00a0Indie p\u0159itom nechce ztratit sv\u00e9 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 a perspektivn\u00ed kontakty s Ruskem.\u00a0Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed zaujalo tak pevn\u00fd postoj k n\u00e1kupu rusk\u00fdch raketov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f zem\u011b-vzduch S-400.\u00a0\u201ePozice neutrality se osv\u011bd\u010dila v obdob\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m s nik\u00fdm se neh\u00e1dat a udr\u017eovat u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 vztahy se v\u0161emi v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi stranami.\u00a0Jin\u00fdmi slovy, Indie nyn\u00ed reprodukuje politiku, kterou prov\u00e1d\u011bla po desetilet\u00ed a kterou pova\u017euje za u\u017eite\u010dnou a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou,\u201c uvedl diplomatick\u00fd zdroj.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/h4>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed za neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm postojem Indie ke konfliktu na Ukrajin\u011b, je \u010c\u00edna, se kterou m\u00e1 Indie v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 vztahy.\u00a0Stoj\u00ed za p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, \u017ee v kv\u011btnu 2020 do\u0161lo v hornat\u00e9 oblasti Ladakh na hranici mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi ke st\u0159et\u016fm, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly smrt na obou stran\u00e1ch.\u00a0Po s\u00e9rii rozhovor\u016f v uplynul\u00e9m roce zah\u00e1jily Peking a Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 stahov\u00e1n\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f z hrani\u010dn\u00ed linie.\u00a0Situace v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 napjat\u00e1.\u00a09. prosince leto\u0161n\u00edho roku znovu propukly st\u0159ety pobl\u00ed\u017e indick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Arun\u00e1\u010dalprad\u00e9\u0161, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly ob\u011bti na obou stran\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

V konfrontaci s \u010c\u00ednou hled\u00e1 Indie podporu jak u Moskvy, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 vztahy s Pekingem, tak u Washingtonu, kter\u00fd je otev\u0159en\u011b p\u0159ipraven pomoci Ind\u016fm v jejich konfrontaci s \u010c\u00ednou.\u00a0Podle indick\u00fdch expert\u016f ukrajinsk\u00e1 krize o\u017eivila partnerstv\u00ed mezi Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed se tak nehodl\u00e1 h\u00e1dat s Moskvou, kterou m\u016f\u017ee \u010c\u00edna v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby ovlivnit ve sporech s Indi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Postoj Nov\u00e9ho Dill\u00ed stru\u010dn\u011b formuloval Heppimon Jacob, profesor na Jawaharlal Nehru University School of International Studies v Dill\u00ed: \u201eRusko je probl\u00e9mem pro USA a Z\u00e1pad, nikoli pro Indii.\u00a0Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO je probl\u00e9m pro Rusko, nikoli pro Indii.\u00a0Probl\u00e9mem Indie je \u010c\u00edna a ta pot\u0159ebuje, aby probl\u00e9m \u010c\u00edny vy\u0159e\u0161ily USA, Z\u00e1pad a tak\u00e9 Rusko.\u00a0Pod\u00edval bych se na reakci Indie na ukrajinskou krizi ve sv\u011btle t\u00e9to pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 logiky,\u201c \u0159ekl profesor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ropa a z\u00e1kon<\/span><\/h4>\n

Snad nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed kritika, kter\u00e9 Indie \u010delila na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, je za n\u00e1kupy rusk\u00e9 ropy.\u00a0Ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Subramaniam Jaishankar nyn\u00ed \u010dasto mus\u00ed h\u00e1jit pozici Nov\u00e9ho Dill\u00ed.\u00a0Na tiskov\u00e9 konferenci po jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u011bmeckou ministryn\u00ed zahrani\u010d\u00ed Annalenou Baerbock 5. prosince v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011b pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee EU sama nakupuje ruskou energii a zbo\u017e\u00ed, chce v\u0161ak p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit Indii, aby tak ne\u010dinila: \u201eDovoz ropy EU je \u0161estkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Indie a dovoz plynu je nekone\u010dn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Indie, proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nedov\u00e1\u017e\u00edme,\u201c odpov\u011bd\u011bl indick\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku o rusk\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch energie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed pod\u00edl rusk\u00e9 ropy v indick\u00e9m ropn\u00e9m ko\u0161i je skute\u010dn\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00fd: k 31. b\u0159eznu tohoto roku p\u0159edstavovalo Rusko pouze 0,2 procenta celkov\u00e9ho dovozu indick\u00e9 ropy, ale v listopadu Rusko p\u0159edb\u011bhlo Ir\u00e1k a Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii jako hlavn\u00ed dodavatele.\u00a0Podle t\u00fddenn\u00edho v\u00fdhledu rusk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby dos\u00e1hly 909 403 barel\u016f ropy denn\u011b.\u00a0To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 procent\u016fm indick\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek ropy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak pro TASS vysv\u011btlil indick\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 Pandey Prakash, pro Indii nen\u00ed v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojit se k sankc\u00edm proti Moskv\u011b, ale je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 nakupovat ropu z Ruska, \u201ekter\u00e9 n\u00e1m ji nyn\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1 za sn\u00ed\u017eenou cenu\u201c.\u00a0„Je to skute\u010dn\u011b v\u011bc n\u00e1rodn\u00edho z\u00e1jmu, je to ziskov\u00e9, i kdy\u017e Dill\u00ed nemus\u00ed schvalovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 akce Moskvy,“ \u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trval\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy Indie<\/span><\/h4>\n

Pozice Indie \u201ekonstruktivn\u00ed neutrality\u201c se v tuto chv\u00edli zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt pom\u011brn\u011b siln\u00e1.\u00a0Dlouhodob\u00fd v\u00fdvoj t\u00e9to politiky si v\u0161ak nikdo netrouf\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u00eddat.\u00a0Jak \u0159ekl TASS politick\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 Pandey Prakash, \u201ebudou jist\u011b br\u00e1ny v \u00favahu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty, ochrana demokracie nebo desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed \u2013 v rozsahu a tak dlouho, jak to bude vyhovovat z\u00e1jm\u016fm Indie\u201c.\u00a0Jin\u00fdmi slovy, Indie se chce zam\u011b\u0159it na sv\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy a to je jedin\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium pro jej\u00ed politick\u00fd postoj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Moskvu a Washington nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee \u201ekonstruktivn\u00ed neutralita\u201c bude zachov\u00e1na, pokud bude odpov\u00eddat indick\u00fdm politick\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm.\u00a0V 70. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed premi\u00e9rka Indira G\u00e1ndh\u00edov\u00e1 sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem parafr\u00e1zovala slavnou britskou z\u00e1sadu z 19. stolet\u00ed: \u201eIndie nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 spojence, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele ani st\u00e1l\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele \u2013 Indie m\u00e1 pouze trval\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy.\u201c Od t\u00e9 doby se politika Nov\u00e9ho Dill\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed d\u016fsledn\u011b tento princip.<\/span><\/p>\n

konec p\u0159ekladu<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Geopolitick\u00e1 role Indie v konfliktu mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem je velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 t\u00e9ma.\u00a0Zde ukazuji, jak\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[79,22,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20166"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20166\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}