{"id":19682,"date":"2022-12-14T08:16:39","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T07:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=19682"},"modified":"2022-12-14T08:16:39","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T07:16:39","slug":"washington-chce-uplnou-zavislost-evropy-na-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/12\/14\/washington-chce-uplnou-zavislost-evropy-na-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"Washington chce \u00faplnou z\u00e1vislost Evropy na USA"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V b\u0159eznu 2022 Stockholmsk\u00fd institut pro v\u00fdzkum m\u00edru (SIPRI) ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee Evropa je nov\u00fdm \u201ehotspotem\u201c celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho dovozu zbran\u00ed.\u00a0I kdy\u017e byl tento v\u00fdvoj p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmu vojensk\u00e9mu konfliktu mezi Ruskem a Ukrajinou (USA\/EU\/NATO), je stejn\u011b nebo je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pochopit, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1kup\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed z USA a jak konflikt prob\u00edhal. p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn na stroj na pen\u00edze.\u00a0USA jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za takzvanou \u201eenergetickou krizi\u201c v Evrop\u011b a vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed spoustu pen\u011bz prodejem drah\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho plynu do Evropy.\u00a0USA samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Evropan\u016fm vysv\u011btlily, \u017ee je to nutn\u00e9 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jejich kritick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na Moskv\u011b.\u00a0Aby Evropan\u00e9 \u201epotrestali\u201c Rusko, rozhodli se zv\u00fd\u0161it svou z\u00e1vislost na USA.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tato kritika nen\u00ed zalo\u017eena pouze na skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee Evropa nakupuje drah\u00fd americk\u00fd plyn a USA z toho t\u011b\u017e\u00ed.\u00a0Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to sp\u00ed\u0161e ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee Evropa je nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na USA, ne\u017e aby zabr\u00e1nila jej\u00edmu ekonomick\u00e9mu kolapsu.\u00a0Pokud se bude z\u00e1vislost Evropy na USA d\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovat, bude tak \u010dinit pouze na \u00fakor sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 autonomie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9, nen\u00ed to jen o plynu.\u00a0Pokud plyn souvis\u00ed s ekonomikou, zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1kup vojensk\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu z USA p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s jej\u00ed obranou a bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed, nebo alespo\u0148 tak je to prezentov\u00e1no.\u00a0Tuto obrannou z\u00e1vislost nejz\u0159eteln\u011bji ilustruje n\u011bmeck\u00fd n\u00e1kup st\u00edha\u010dek F-35 z USA.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco USA na t\u00e9to multimiliardov\u00e9 dohod\u011b vyd\u011blaj\u00ed spoustu pen\u011bz, souvisej\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky ukazuj\u00ed, jak tato dohoda p\u0159\u00edmo zvy\u0161uje z\u00e1vislost Evropy na USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Martin Kr\u00f6ll, prezident N\u011bmeck\u00e9 asociace leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu (BDLI), byl citov\u00e1n, \u017ee ani po zakoupen\u00ed t\u011bchto trysek nebude m\u00edt N\u011bmecko pr\u00e1vo na jejich servis a opravy v N\u011bmecku.\u00a0Jsou \u201eudr\u017eov\u00e1ny v jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch v s\u00edti americk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil nebo americkou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Lockheed\u2026 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed nebezpe\u010dnou z\u00e1vislost\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nezapom\u00ednejme, \u017ee tento prodej p\u0159i\u0161el p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v dob\u011b, kdy USA vyv\u00edjely tlak na evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ily sv\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 schopnosti na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2021, kdy za\u010dal rusko-ukrajinsk\u00fd konflikt.\u00a0Pod tlakem tohoto konfliktu se v\u0161ak americk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout dohody, kter\u00e1 ned\u00e1vala n\u011bmeck\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm mnoho prostoru pro skute\u010dnou ochranu jejich z\u00e1jm\u016f.\u00a0Jak potvrzuje dal\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1va, N\u011bmci ud\u011blali \u201echybu\u201c, \u017ee nevy\u017eadovali zapojen\u00ed vlastn\u00edho \u201eobrann\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu do \u00fadr\u017eby, oprav a podpory t\u011bchto drah\u00fdch letadel\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bmecko v tom nen\u00ed samo.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad Finsko je dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed spadaj\u00edc\u00ed do nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na USA.\u00a0Ta se ji\u017e rozhodla koupit 64 Block 4 F-35 za 9,4 miliardy dolar\u016f.\u00a0Od za\u010d\u00e1tku rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu Finsko zintenzivnilo n\u00e1kupy zbran\u00ed, nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto n\u00e1kup\u016f poch\u00e1zela z USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco konflikt na Ukrajin\u011b vy\u00fastil v \u0159adu miliardov\u00fdch obchod\u016f, na kontinentu s\u00edl\u00ed obavy, \u017ee se USA nyn\u00ed pokou\u0161ej\u00ed vyvolat novou krizi s \u010c\u00ednou.\u00a0Takov\u00fd konflikt by Evrop\u011b zp\u016fsobil dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale r\u00e9torika, kterou USA pro Evropu produkuj\u00ed \u2013 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b ji uplat\u0148uj\u00ed, m\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na \u010c\u00edn\u011b.\u00a0Evropa je p\u0159irozen\u011b znepokojena touto formou geopolitiky.\u00a0Jak uvedl Charles Michael, p\u0159edseda Evropsk\u00e9 rady, kter\u00fd se ned\u00e1vno setkal s Xi, ve sv\u00e9m tweetu: \u201eEU prosazuje sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a hodnoty ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0S \u010c\u00ednou je otev\u0159en\u00fd dialog o v\u0161ech aspektech na\u0161eho vztahu jedinou cestou vp\u0159ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna tak\u00e9 v\u00ed, \u017ee Evropa je daleko od dohody s USA na spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 politice.\u00a0Xi byl proto dostate\u010dn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd, aby minul\u00fd t\u00fdden \u0159ekl EU, \u017ee blok by si m\u011bl ponechat sv\u00e9 investice v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, a dodal, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna a EU mus\u00ed st\u00e1t spole\u010dn\u011b proti odd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale zat\u00edmco EU je v rozporu s USA ohledn\u011b toho, zda uvalit na EU politiku v ot\u00e1zce \u010c\u00edny a jak\u00e9 by to mohlo m\u00edt dlouhodob\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro Evropu, USA nad\u00e1le uplat\u0148uj\u00ed politiky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed ekonomiku EU.\u00a0Posledn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnost\u00ed je ur\u010dit\u011b americk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed inflace (IRA), kter\u00fd poskytuje da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00falevy na komponenty elektromobil\u016f, pokud jsou vyr\u00e1b\u011bny v (Severn\u00ed) Americe.<\/span><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e by spole\u010dnosti se s\u00eddlem v EU mohly zakl\u00e1dat tov\u00e1rny v USA, znamenalo by to, \u017ee by tyto spole\u010dnosti prosp\u00edvaly ekonomice USA v\u00edce ne\u017e ekonomice EU.\u00a0Jin\u00fdmi slovy, kapit\u00e1l EU se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kapit\u00e1lu USA na \u00fakor vlastn\u00edho ekonomick\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento model je podobn\u00fd tomu, jak je kapit\u00e1l EU vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n k podpo\u0159e ekonomiky USA prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm drah\u00e9ho prodeje plynu a zbrojn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.\u00a0Stejn\u011b tak se konflikt na Ukrajin\u011b stal hlavn\u00edm zdrojem zisk\u016f pro americk\u00fd st\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co m\u016f\u017ee EU ud\u011blat?\u00a0Je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by se Evropan\u00e9 mohli vymanit z tohoto vztahu z\u00e1vislosti, ani\u017e by si nejprve vytvo\u0159ili nez\u00e1vislou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed perspektivu.\u00a0P\u0159edstavte si ekonomick\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 v EU, kdyby nam\u00edsto podpory americk\u00e9ho tlaku na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO zaujala nez\u00e1visl\u00fd postoj.\u00a0EU se touto cestou nevydala.\u00a0Nyn\u00ed EU obvi\u0148uje USA z jejich energetick\u00e9 krize.\u00a0Ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: m\u016f\u017ee tento hn\u011bv p\u0159en\u00e9st do konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed politiky?<\/span><\/p>\n

Salman Rafi Sheikh<\/strong>, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd analytik v oblasti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f a p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a dom\u00e1c\u00ed politiky, exkluzivn\u011b pro online magaz\u00edn New Eastern Outlook.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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V b\u0159eznu 2022 Stockholmsk\u00fd institut pro v\u00fdzkum m\u00edru (SIPRI) ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee Evropa je nov\u00fdm \u201ehotspotem\u201c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19683,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[59,41,37,1877],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19682"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19682"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19682\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}